基于距离阈值的不确定图可达性查询处理

在不确定数据的处理中,不确定图作为典型的数据模型得到了广泛的关注,研究的内容包括基于不确定图的子图匹配、最近邻查询及连接查询等,本文研究基于距离阈值的不确定图可达性查询,即给定不确定图及图中任意两点s、t和距离阈值d,返回s和t的d可达的概率.提出一种基于随机抽样的可达性查询处理算法.定义了一种不确定图可能图实例的分类树模型.为了提高图实例分类的获取效率,提出基于双向遍历的优化分类树模型.设计了基于图实例类抽样的可达性查询处理算法并通过理论分析和实验验证了算法的性能.     

基于参考节点嵌入的图可达性查询

针对k步可达性查询算法无法解决带距离约束的图可达性查询问题,提出基于参考节点嵌入的图可达性查询算法。首先,从所有节点中选出极少数有代表性的全局参考节点,预先计算所有节点与全局参考节点之间的最短路径距离;然后,采用最短路径树和范围最小值查询技术求得局部参考节点;接着,利用三角不等式关系得到查询点对距离范围;最后,根据查询条件中的距离值与查询点对距离范围上、下限值的大小关系,可快速得出可达性结论。针对社会关系网络和公路网络数据,将所提算法与Dijkstra算法、K-Reach算法进行实验对比测试。相较于K-Reach算法,其索引建立时间小4个数量级,其索引规模小2个数量级;相较于Dijkstra算法,在公路网络和社会关系网络中,直接得出可达性结论的比例分别为92%和78.6%,其查询时间大大缩短,分别降低了95.5%和92%。实验结果表明：所提算法能够通过使用较小的索引开销,实现在线查询计算复杂度的降低,可很好地解决既适用于有权图又适用于无权图带距离约束的可达性查询问题。     

RIAIL:大规模图上的可达性查询索引方法

图被广泛用来建模在社交网络、语义网、计算生物学和软件分析中的应用.可达性查询是图数据上的一种基础查询.当前,针对图上的可达性查询已经提出了一些索引算法,但是它们不能灵活地扩展到大的图数据.因此,提出了一种索引方法RIAIL(reachability index augmented by interval labeling).RIAIL将结点的标记信息表示成四元组.前两个元素是区间标记,编码生成树的可达性信息,后两个元素编码非树边的可达性信息.RIAIL查询时只需索引且索引创建代价小.最后,通过大量真实和人工生成数据集上的实验说明,RIAIL能够高效地处理可达性查询,并且可以简单地扩展到大的图数据.     

面向大规模图数据的分布式可达性索引与查询策略

针对构建大规模图数据可达性索引时的构建时间长、存储代价高和响应时间长等问题,提出一种分布式可达性索引与查询策略(DRIQ)。在不破坏原图中节点可达性的前提下,将大规模图划分成若干小规模子图,并对每个子图分布式并行地创建可达性索引,从而提高可达性索引创建效率。给出保持图划分后各子图内节点间以及子图间节点可达性的方法,从而保证基于DRIQ进行可达性查询的正确性。实验结果表明,与传统可达性查询方法相比,该策略具有高效性和可扩展性。     

层次序列索引的大规模动态标签图子图查询

标签图常用于智能交通网、生物信息网等新兴领域的建模。子图查询作为图数据分析的关键问题，引起了研究者的广泛关注。对现有子图查询算法的研究发现，随着图数据规模增大且频繁更新，传统子图查询算法普遍存在查询效率低，存储开销大，忽略顶点标签信息等问题。为此，提出了一种支持大规模动态标签图子图查询的层次序列索引（Dynamic Hierarchical Sequence，DHS），该索引提取数据图中带有顶点编号的层次拓扑序列关系以实现子图查询；针对图的动态变化，提出了更新点拓扑扩展式索引维护策略，仅从局部变化顶点及边开始进行增量式更新，大大降低了重建索引造成的巨大开销；提出了基于DHS索引的子图查询方法，仅需将查询图与数据图的层次序列进行匹配即可获得候选集，并在其上利用关系匹配策略获得最终查询结果。实验证明提出的方法在保证高效查询的同时降低了索引的创建及维护时间，提高了子图查询效率。     

IRST(k,l)-Index:一种支持分支路径查询的高效XML结构索引

为快速准确地查询图结构XML文档,本文在互关联后继树(IRST)的基础上,引入结构索引的相似性归并思想,提出一种基于互关联后继树且支持分支路径查询的高效XML结构索引-IRST(k,l)-index,并给出该索引的快速创建和查询算法.经实验验证,与国际上同类索引相比,该索引的创建速度更快、查询效率更高、空间开销更小.     

SQM:基于Spark的大规模单图上的子图匹配算法

针对大规模数据图下基于回溯法的子图查询算法的准确率低、开销大等问题，为提高查询准确率，降低大图下的查询开销，提出一种基于Spark的子图匹配（SQM）算法。首先根据结构信息过滤数据图，再将查询图分割成基本查询单元；然后对每一个基本查询单元分别匹配后进行Join操作；最后运用并行化提高了算法的运行效率，减小了搜索空间。实验结果表明，与Stwig、TurboISO算法相比，SQM算法在保证查询结果不变的情况下，速度提高了50%。     

基于移动对象轨迹段分割的聚类算法研究

将对象的运动轨迹作为一个整体聚类,将丢失相似子轨迹段有用的信息.为了找出相似子轨迹段,提出针对某一个轨迹进行子轨迹的聚类算法,先把长轨迹在特征点分割为一组直子段,再用基于密度的聚类算法对子段进行聚类,得到子段的可达距离排序并生成可达性图,最后根据生成的可达性图识别聚类结构.实验结果表明该方法能有效准确地识别相似子轨迹段.     

大规模图数据可达性索引技术:现状与展望

随着社交网络、生物信息网、本体等新兴领域的飞速发展,在现实应用中涌现出大量的图数据.可达性查询是有向图上一类最基本的查询.当图的规模非常小时,利用深度优先遍历(depth-first search,DFS)或可达性传递闭包可以很容易处理可达性查询.但是,随着图的规模越变越大,由于DFS方法的查询效率太低而可达性传递闭包方法占用的存储空间太大,这2种方法不再适用.因此,许多可达性索引方法相继被提出.这些方法已经被广泛应用于多个计算机科学领域,如软件工程、编程语言、分布式计算、社交网络分析、生物网络分析、XML和RDF数据库、路由规划等领域.此外,可达性索引还可用于加速其他图算法,如最短路径查询和子图模式匹配.首先介绍了可达性索引的应用背景.接着,依据支持的数据规模、数据类型以及查询类别,将现有可达性索引工作进行了分类,并对代表性工作进行分类比较;最后,讨论了现有的大规模图数据可达性索引方法存在的问题,并指出了未来的研究方向.     

Apriori算法用于频繁子图挖掘的改进方法

AGM算法最早将Apriori思想应用到频繁子图挖掘中。AGM算法结构简单,以递归统计为基础,但面临庞大的图数据集时,由于存在子图同构的问题,在生成候选子图时容易产生很多冗余子图,使计算时间开销很大。基于AGM算法,针对候选子图生成这一环节对原算法进行改进,减少了冗余子图的生成,使改进后的算法在计算时间上具有高效性;测试了在不同最小支持度情况下改进方法的时间开销。实验结果表明改进算法比原算法缩短了计算时间,提高了频繁子图的挖掘效率。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate