非均匀B样条曲线升阶的新算法

实践证明，传统的Ｂ样条曲线升阶算法只能解决端点插值Ｂ样条曲线的升阶问题，当用于其它非均匀Ｂ样条曲线以及均匀Ｂ样条曲线的升阶进均会出现严重错误，本文基于一个新的Ｂ样条恒等式，提出了一个Ｂ样条曲线升阶的新算法，该算法可用于任何均匀和非均匀的Ｂ样条曲线的升阶，当用于一段均匀Ｂ样条曲线的升阶时，不需要的节点矢量中间插入任何节点，升阶后仍为一条均匀Ｂ样条曲线，其计算简便、速度快。本文最后还得到两个新结论：（     

NURBS中的节点插入通用算法的引入及其计算机实现

:以B样条曲线和NURBS(非均匀B样条 )曲线理论为基础 ,将B样条节点插入通用算法引入到NURBS曲线节点插入中 ,克服了传统的节点插入方法在边界点插入节点出错的缺点 ,并作了相应的算例。     

B样条曲线同时插入多个节点的快速算法

基于离散B样条的一个新的递推公式，提出B样条曲线同时插入多个节点的新算法。不同于Cohen等插入节点的Oslo算法，本算法用新的方法离算离散B样条，求每个离散B样条的值只需O(1)的运算量，从而使本算法高效，其时间复杂性为O(sk n)，其中k为B样条曲线的阶，n k 1为原节点数，s为新插入节点的个数,本算法的通用性强，适用于端点插值的和非端点插值的B样条曲线，可同时在曲线定义域内外的任意位置上插入任意个节点。     

由递归插入——斜移过程实现插入节点算法

Ｂ样条的插入节点算法有广泛的应用，引起了不少学者的兴趣。该文引入了递归插入和斜移过程来实现插入节点算法，概念清晰，算法实现简单，应用方便。这一方法较以前的各种算法速度更快。本文亦给出生成分段Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ点的一个富于特色的算法。     

一种基于节点插入技术的B样条曲线平滑方法

三次均匀B样条曲线是工程上广泛采用的曲线绘制方法。提高节点插入算法的效率,实现B样条曲线的平滑效果,是广大学者所关注的问题。文章给出了一种基于Tailor级数展开的三次均匀B样条曲线节点插入的生成算法,并利用该算法提供的节点插入技术来实现三次均匀B样条曲线的平滑效果。与Oslo算法的递推过程相比,该节点插入算法在一定程度上简化了运算过程,提高了算法的生成效率。     

B样条曲线节点插入和升阶的统一方法

利用 B样条基转换矩阵的有关结果 ,本文给出了 B样条曲线插入节点和升阶的统一方法及算法 .本文方法建立在严密的数学背景上 ,以简洁严谨的递推公式给出其算法的数学模型 ,相应的算法效率高且易实现 ,算法的时间复杂性为 O((k- k 1) kn) ,其中 k,k分别为升阶前后曲线的阶 ,n k 1为插入节点和升阶后的节点数 .而且 ,本文方法及算法使用灵活 ,适用范围广 ,可用于同时插入任意个相同的或不同的节点并升任意阶 ,也可用于只插入节点或只升阶 .Cohen等的 Oslo算法、升阶方法都是本文方法的特例 ,而且本文方法效率更高     

B样条曲线降阶新方法

首先导出了 B样条曲线退化的条件 ,然后根据 B样条升阶恒等式提出了 B样条曲线降阶的新算法 .最后 ,对结果进行了简要的误差分析 .如果结合节点插入技术 ,还可以将降阶后的误差限定在给定的容差之内 .实践表明 ,该算法容易实现、效率高、逼近效果好 .     

Bezier曲线树

本文提出Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ样条曲线树结构用以高效地实现对曲边几何体的各种几何运算。对任意一条Ｂｅｚｉｅｒ样条曲线，用ｄｅＣａｓｔｅｌｊａｕ算法进行分割后，将分割结果用一平衡二叉树来存储。此后，对于该曲线所作的各种几何运算可以一种逼近等级的方式来进行。先以粗糙的逼近来进行计算，必要时增加精密度，从而提高各种运算的效率。     

基于广义逆矩阵的B样条曲线节点消去算法研究

为了能运用广义逆矩阵理论来研究B样条曲线的节点消去问题，以解决在B样条曲线曲面拟合过程中产生的冗余节点数据，提出了一种基于广义逆矩阵的B样条曲线节点消去算法，该算法首先利用广义逆矩阵在处理奇异性问题上的独特作用来获得B样条曲线的节点可以消去的充要条件；然后在此基础上，又提出了消去多个节点的算法，算法对每个可以消去的节点都可计算相应的广义逆矩阵，而且仅进行一次矩阵的相乘即可得到由消去这个节点而产生的新的控制顶点和节点。实验表明，该算法的精度优于或近似于现有的Tiller算法，而时间效率则同于或近似于Tiller的算法。由于通过调整算法中的误差阈值，可以有效地控制消去节点后的曲线与原来曲线的误差，因此算法可以用于工程实践。     

Bézier样条曲线改进的近似弧长参数化方法

提出了Bézier样条曲线利用分割技术近似弧长参数化的一种方法，并给出了相应的算法。通过求出曲线上所谓的‘最坏点’并在相应点处进行分割。可得到两条Bézier样条曲线。让这两条Bézier样条曲线具有与它们的近似弧长成比例的权，并对所得到的新的Bézier样条曲线进行同样的工作最终可得到一条由多条Bézier样条曲线所构成的新曲线。将这多条Bézier样条曲线合并成为一条Bézier样条曲线并通过节点插入技术将所得Bézier样条曲线转化为B一样条曲线的形式可得到全局参数域，其中各条Bézier曲线在全局参数域中所占子区间的长度与它们的权成比例，这样使得到了一条近似弧长参数化曲线。     

Two blossoming proofs of the Lane-Riesenfeld algorithm

The standard proof of the Lane-Riesenfeld algorithm for inserting knots into uniform B-spline curves is based on the continuous convolution formula for the uniform B-spline basis functions. Here we provide two new, elementary, blossoming proofs of the Lane-Riesenfeld algorithm for uniform B-spline curves of arbitrary degree.     

带形状参数的二次B样条曲线

提出一种带形状参数的二次B样条曲线，这种曲线对非均匀节点为C^1-连续，对于均匀节点且当所有参数都等于1时为C^2-连续．与不带形状参数的二次B样条曲线相比，其形状既能整体变化又能局部变化，并且能从两侧逼近控制多边形．此外，毋需采用重节点技术或解方程组就能直接插值控制点或控制边．     

Approximate merging of B-spline curves via knot adjustment and constrained optimization

This paper addresses the problem of approximate merging of two adjacent B-spline curves into one B-spline curve. The basic idea of the approach is to find the conditions for precise merging of two B-spline curves, and perturb the control points of the curves by constrained optimization subject to satisfying these conditions. To obtain a merged curve without superfluous knots, we present a new knot adjustment algorithm for adjusting the end k knots of a kth order B-spline curve without changing its shape. The more general problem of merging curves to pass through some target points is also discussed.     

均匀B样条曲线的降阶

文中给出均匀 B样条曲线退化的充要条件 ,证明了满足退化条件的 k阶均匀 B样条曲线可以表示为 (k- 1)阶均匀 B样条曲线 ,并给出相应的表示方法 .在此基础上 ,利用约束优化方法 ,提出均匀 B样条曲线的一种降阶方法 .而传统方法从升阶的反问题考虑降阶 ,要求被降阶的 B样条曲线的所有节点都是多重节点 ,从而无法处理均匀B样条曲线 .     

Neural Network Methods for NURBS Curve and Surface Interpolation

New algorithms based on artificial neural network models are presented for cubic NURBS curve and surface interpolation.When all th knot spans are identical,the NURBS curve interpolation procedure degenerates into that of uniform rational B-spline curves.If all the weights of data points are identical,then the NURBS curve interpolation procedure degenerates into the integral B-spline curve interpolation.     

基于遗传算法的B样条曲线和Bézier曲线的最小二乘拟合

考虑用B样条曲线拟合平面有序数据使得最小二乘拟合误差最小.一般有两种考虑,一种是保持B样条基函数的节点不变,选择参数使得拟合较优.参数的选择方法包括均匀取值、累加弦长法、centripetal model、Gauss-Newton迭代法等.另一种则是先确定好参数值(一般用累加弦长法),然后再用.某一算法计算出节点,使得拟合较优.同时把两者统一考虑,用遗传算法同时求出参数、节点使得拟合在最小二乘误差意义下最优.与Gauss-Newton迭代法、Piegl算法相比,本方法具有较好的鲁棒性(拟合曲线与初始值无关)、较高的精度及控制顶点少等优点.实验结果说明采用遗传算法得到的曲线逼近效果更好.用遗传算法对Bezier曲线拟合平面有序数据也进行了研究.     

Constrained shape modification of cubic B-spline curves by means of knots

The effect of the modification of knot values on the shape of B-spline curves is examined in this paper. The modification of a knot of a B-spline curve of order k generates a one-parameter family of curves.This family has an envelope which is also a B-spline curve with the same control polygon and of order k−1. Applying this theoretical result, three shape control methods are provided for cubic B-spline curves, that are based on the modification of three consecutive knots. The proposed methods enable local shape modifications subject to position and/or tangent constraints that can be specified within well defined limits.     

The conversion of a dynamic B-spline curve into piecewise polynomials in power form

The evaluation of points and the computations of inflection points or cusps on a curve are often necessary in CAGD applications. When a curve is represented in a B-spline form, such computations can be made easier once it is transformed into a set of piecewise polynomial curves in power form. The usual practice of the transformation of a B-spline curve into a set of piecewise polynomial curves in power form is done either by a knot refinement followed by basis conversions, or by applying a Taylor expansion on each knot span of a B-spline curve.Presented in this paper is a new algorithm to convert a B-spline curve into a set of piecewise polynomial curves in power form. Experiment shows that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional approach when one or more control points of a B-spline curve are continuously moving.     

Lofted B-spline surface interpolation by linearly constrained energy minimization

This paper proposes a new approach for lofted B-spline surface interpolation to serial contours, where the number of points varies from contour to contour. The approach first finds a common knot vector consisting of fewer knots that contain enough degrees of freedom to guarantee the existence of a B-spline curve interpolating each contour. Then, it computes from the contours a set of compatible B-spline curves defined on the knot vector by adopting B-spline curve interpolation based on linearly constrained energy minimization. Finally, it generates a B-spline surface interpolating the curves via B-spline surface lofting. As the energy functional is quadratic, the energy minimization problem leads to that of solving a linear system. The proposed approach is efficient in computation and can realize more efficient data reduction than previous approaches while providing visually pleasing B-spline surfaces. Moreover, the approach works well on measured data with noise. Some experimental results demonstrate its usefulness and quality.