Knowledge-based health service considering user convenience using hybrid Wi-Fi P2P

Recently, with changing paradigms in health, the focus of healthcare is shifting from treatment after contracting disease to prevention and early diagnosis of disease. Accordingly, the healthcare paradigm is changing from diagnosis and treatment to preventive management, emphasizing prevention of chronic diseases, such as obesity. In particular, obesity in children and adolescents has become a global issue. Lifestyle and health management using BT–IT convergence is needed to improve and manage the health of children and adolescents, and convenience and accessibility must be improved. For that, use of a machine-to-machine (M2M) u-health cluster that allows wireless network connection is increasing, along with wireless networks for measuring biometrics. Expanded to communications between people and objects as well as between objects, M2M refers to the next-generation convergence infra-architecture that offers intelligent services through various media. Because various wireless devices form a cluster when building a service platform using M2M, when the number of users with various M2M devices increases, data traffic increases and causes network overload, deteriorating system performance. To solve this problem, services are increasingly being built by combining a conventional network and Wi-Fi technology. However, in an M2M network, there is a limitation due to low transfer speed, because the network processes biometrics and data through different sensor nodes, and wireless communications based on the system is composed of different wireless sensor nodes. Thus, in this paper, we proposed a knowledge-based health service considering user convenience using a hybrid wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture. For knowledge-based health services in conventional M2M-based smart health services, hybrid Wi-Fi P2P and wireless devices must be linked. Because there are different ways to link hybrid Wi-Fi P2P devices, depending on the network environment, in this study, a dynamic configuration mechanism is applied to Wi-Fi P2P linkage of wireless devices in an M2M environment. The proposed service provides a high-quality health service (whenever patients use the knowledge-based health service) by building a network using a dispersed cross-layer optimization algorithm that optimizes variables of the transmission control protocol/internet protocol stack in order to improve the energy efficiency of the u-health sensor network and system reliability.     

一种基于P2P的非集中式网格资源发现方法

有效地发现网格的各种资源是影响网格整体性能的一个重要因素。针对资源发现在网格规模及应用不断扩展过程中变得越来越复杂的问题,在网格环境中融合Web Service技术,同时引入P2P思想,将资源发现模型分为内外两层,提出一个非集中式的网格资源发现方法,并应用于制造网格之中。实验证明,该模式有效解决了集中式模式带来的节点瓶颈等问题,并大幅降低分布式系统中资源发现产生的网络流量,具有高效性、可扩展性和鲁棒性。     

一种基于移动P2P平台的无线传感器网络体系结构

借助P2P思想,构建一个基于移动网络基础设施提供对等服务的无线传感器网络体系结构。移动网络充当移动P2P平台,提供一种普适的传感器组网。代表传感器网络的网关节点隐藏了其实现细节,在P2P模式工作下向用户提供更加优质的个人服务。此外,还讨论了服务平台构建过程中的一般性问题。     

基于校园环境的移动P2P网络体系研究与设计

由于P2P技术的广泛应用以及无线网络和移动设备的普及,人们提出了基于无线网络的移动P2P网络。文中通过分析移动P2P网络的特点和已有的网络模型,结合校园网络环境的特点,设计出基于校园环境的网络体系结构模型,并对模型的资源查找进行详细的描述。模型被划分成三层结构,底层的网络采用改进后的Kelips路由算法通信,该算法的路由复杂度是一个常数,有效减少资源查找时间,保证节点维护状态信息的实时性和正确性;由超级节点组成的中间层,实行分布式管理,采取泛洪搜索算法来通信;顶层是一些域内中心节点,负责连接外网和解决网络的安全问题。仿真实验表明：该模型能够更好地减少资源查找时间,即使大量节点失效,也可以快速检测到节点间关系变化并进行管理。     

Programmable mobile networks

Existing mobile systems (e.g., mobile IP, mobile ATM and third generation cellular systems) lack the intrinsic architectural flexibility to deal with the complexity of supporting adaptive mobile applications in wireless and mobile environments. We believe that there is a need to develop alternative network architectures from the existing ones to deal with the demands placed on underlying mobile signalling, adaptation management and wireless transport systems in support of new mobile services, e.g. interactive multimedia and web access. In this paper we present the design, implementation and evaluation of mobiware, a middleware technology that enables the introduction of new services in mobile networks. Mobiware provides a toolkit that service providers can utilize to build services that can dynamically exploit the intrinsic scalable properties of mobile multimedia applications in response to time-varying mobile network conditions. Based on an open programmable networking paradigm, mobiware runs on mobile devices, wireless access points and mobile-capable switch/routers providing a set of open programmable interfaces and distributed objects for adaptive mobile networking. Mobiware is software-intensive and is built on CORBA and Java distributed object technologies. The source code for mobiware v1.0 is freely available (comet.columbia.edu/mobiware) for experimentation.     

可扩展网格节点操作系统设计

网格节点从大型主机扩展到小型智能设备，并要求支持语义和基于知识的互操作。该文提出一个适应这些发展趋势的两层网格节点中间件，其网格基础中间件增强本地操作系统，网格服务中间件支持复杂的网格应用。由于传统操作系统设计中的一些典型前提不适应网格的观点，将网格基础中间件设计为虚拟机监督程序、节点管理程序、策略管理程序和多个面向虚拟组织的虚拟机。讨论了网格服务中间件设计中把服务与主体技术结合的疗法。     

Design and evaluation of lightweight middleware for personal wireless body area network

This paper presents a lightweight middleware to be used for wireless medical body area networks. The middleware is designed to reside in mobile devices, and acts as a gateway to receive sensor data as well as to control a set of sensor devices attached to the wearer. The main essence of the middleware is to simplify and accelerate the development of wireless healthcare applications by providing highly reusable codes. The architecture of the middleware including its main functions such as data acquisition, dynamic plug-and-play capabilities, on-the-fly sensor reconfiguration, and resource management (i.e., sensor sleep/wake-up, critical self-wake) will be discussed. A security feature as a means to protect critical sensor data from malicious/unauthorized parties has also been incorporated in our proposed middleware. The prototype system of the middleware has been built and is presented in this paper together with its performance measurements.     

基于P2P的3G流媒体代理缓存策略

3G时代已经到来,伴随着3G的快速发展,移动流媒体服务的需求迅速增长。由于移动网络带宽远达不到互联网的带宽,流媒体业务的增长将增加网络延迟,影响流媒体的观看质量,因此提出了一种新的基于P2P的3G流媒体缓存代理结构PSPA,配合PSPA设计了代理缓存置换策略SCOP,该设计能有效降低对移动核心网带宽的占用。最后,仿真实验和实验结果分析表明,PSPA体系与代理缓存置换策略SCOP的结合,能有效提高移动流媒体的服务质量,对3G流媒体的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Adaptive searching and replication of images in mobile hierarchical peer-to-peer networks

Due to the limitation of resources in mobile handheld devices and bandwidth constraints in wireless networks, it is important to efficiently manage image content and traffic to improve network throughput and response time. The efficient distribution of images in wireless networks is based on many parameters like the quality of service requirement, available bandwidth, restricted memory and diverse user profiles. We consider digital images as data objects accessed in a hierarchical mobile ad-hoc peer-to-peer network, referred as M-P2P. Our objective is to optimize the number of replicas of images in such a network architecture based on the resource limitations of the requesting peers equipped with miniature mobile devices as well as of wireless constraints in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). While replicating images, fragments of different resolution and their residues are used to optimize the traffic in the network and to decrease the search turnaround time. We call this replication algorithm as Ada-Rep. Performance evaluation is done by simulating Ada-Rep, base replication and uniform replication methods to evaluate parameters such as response time, failure rate, memory usage, traffic etc. Our results prove the efficiency and better performance of Ada-Rep.     

Adaptive searching and replication of images in mobile hierarchical peer-to-peer networks

Due to the limitation of resources in mobile handheld devices and bandwidth constraints in wireless networks, it is important to efficiently manage image content and traffic to improve network throughput and response time. The efficient distribution of images in wireless networks is based on many parameters like the quality of service requirement, available bandwidth, restricted memory and diverse user profiles. We consider digital images as data objects accessed in a hierarchical mobile ad-hoc peer-to-peer network, referred as M-P2P. Our objective is to optimize the number of replicas of images in such a network architecture based on the resource limitations of the requesting peers equipped with miniature mobile devices as well as of wireless constraints in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). While replicating images, fragments of different resolution and their residues are used to optimize the traffic in the network and to decrease the search turnaround time. We call this replication algorithm as Ada-Rep. Performance evaluation is done by simulating Ada-Rep, base replication and uniform replication methods to evaluate parameters such as response time, failure rate, memory usage, traffic etc. Our results prove the efficiency and better performance of Ada-Rep.     

Efficient data-forwarding method in delay-tolerant P2P networking for IoT services

These days Internet of Things (IoT), which consists of smart objects such as sensor nodes is the most important technology for providing intelligent services. In the IoT ecosystem, wireless sensor networks deliver collected information from IoT devices to a server via sink nodes, and IoT services are provided by peer-to-peer (P2P) networking between the server and the IoT devices. Particularly, IoT applications with wide service area requires the mobile sink nodes to cover the service area. To employ mobile sink nodes, the network adopts delay-tolerant capability by which delay-tolerant nodes try to transmit data when they connect to the mobile sink node in the application service field. However, if the connection status between a IoT device and a mobile sink node is not good, the efficiency of data forwarding will be decreased. In addition, retransmission in bad connection cause high energy consumption for data transmission. Therefore, data forwarding in the delay-tolerant based services needs to take the connection status into account. The proposed method predicts the connection status using naïve Bayesian classifier and determines whether the delay tolerant node transmits data to the mobile sink node or not. Furthermore, the efficiency of the proposed method was validated through extensive computer simulations.     

应用Agent实现无线网络环境中的P2P

阐述了将传统的P2P服务扩展到无线网络环境的重要性、可行性、和面临的主要困难。在分析了一种系统架构MobiShare的基础上，提出了一种新的应用Agent技术实现P2P服务扩展的系统架构。该系统应用CAS对区域内的移动终端设备提供的服务进行管理；应用多Agent技术实现对环境信息的实时检测以实时更新服务的描述；应用移动Agent迁移技术实现对服务的发现和收集；异构Agent之间通信的描述则采用FIPA ACL语言。最后通过模拟实验说明了应用该系统架构所具有的优越性     

Context-aware middleware for resource management in the wireless Internet

The provisioning of Web services over the wireless Internet introduces novel challenging issues for service design and implementation: from user/terminal mobility during service execution, to wide heterogeneity of portable access devices and unpredictable modifications in accessible resources. In this scenario, there are frequent provision-time changes in the context, defined as the logical set of accessible resources depending on client location, access terminal capabilities, and system/service management policies. The development of context-dependent services requires novel middlewares with full context visibility. We propose a middleware for context-aware resource management, called CARMEN, capable of supporting the automatic reconfiguration of wireless Internet services in response to context changes without any intervention on the service logic. CARMEN determines the context on the basis of metadata, which include declarative management policies and profiles for user preferences, terminal capabilities, and resource characteristics. In addition, CARMEN exploits the mobile agent technology to implement mobile middleware components that follow the provision-time movement of clients to support locally their customized service access. The proposed middleware shows how metadata and mobile agents can favor component reusability and automatic service reconfiguration, by reducing the development/ deployment complexity.     

基于FIPA架构的移动服务中间件的设计与实现

在有基站的移动计算中,移动终端和计算机网络服务器之间是一个多对多的应用关系,移动终端使用网络服务资源,服务器向移动终端组播异构信息是其典型应用.本文给出了基于FIPA架构的,跨平台的移动服务中间件解决方案,在介绍FI-PA发展现状的基础上,阐述了该中间件的实现技术和应用结构,以多代理技术实现了移动计算与SOA的结合,扩展了JADE架构的组播功能.     

集成ERP 的移动商业智能系统

集成ERP的商业智能虽然可以满足企业对海量数据进行智能分析与挖掘以辅助决策的需求,但依然难以随时随地提供实时数据以快速响应市场变化和进行有效决策.在现有商业智能研究基础上,提出了集成ERP的实时移动商业智能概念,运用中间件数据集成技术和面向服务架构,设计了一个扩展性强、低耦合和跨平台的移动商业智能系统体系架构,利用Android在智能移动终端上开发了一个与服务器端ERP系统相集成的商业智能系统,并通过实例对该系统在移动终端上的实现技术进行了详细的描述.     

Reconfigurable Service Composition and Categorization for Power-Aware Mobile Computing

The requirement of agile adaptation to varying resource constraints in mobile systems motivates the use of a service-oriented architecture (SOA), which can support the composition of two or more services to form a complex service. In this paper, we propose SOA-based middleware to support QoS control of mobile applications and to configure an energy-efficient service composition graph. We categorize services into two layers:functionality-centric services, which are connected to create a complex service to meet the user's intentions, and resource-centric services, which undertake distributed functionality-centric services in a way that increases the success rate of service composition while reducing contention at specific service nodes. We also present a service routing algorithm to balance the resource consumption of service providers on a service-overlay network. Through simulation of power-aware service composition using a realistic model based on ns-2 and traced data, we demonstrate that our approach can help both the mobile devices and the servers in a service-overlay network to reduce energy consumption without an increase in response time.     

End-to-end support for statistical quality of service in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks

In heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), different types of mobile devices with diverse capabilities may coexist in the same network. The heterogeneity of MANETs makes end-to-end support for quality of service (QoS) guarantees more difficult than in other types of networks, not to mention the limited bandwidth and frequent topology changes of these networks. Since QoS routing is the first step toward achieving end-to-end QoS guarantees in heterogeneous MANETs, we propose a QoS routing protocol for heterogeneous MANETs. The proposed protocol, called virtual grid architecture protocol (VGAP), uses a cross-layer approach in order to provide end-to-end statistical QoS guarantees. VGAP operates on a fixed virtual rectilinear architecture (virtual grid), which is obtained using location information obtained from global positioning system (GPS). The virtual grid consists of a few, but possibly more powerful, mobile nodes known as ClusterHeads (CHs) that are elected periodically. CHs discover multiple QoS routes on the virtual grid using an extended version of the open shortest path first (OSPF) routing protocol and an extended version of WFQ scheduling policy that takes into account the wireless channel state. Moreover, VGAP utilizes a simple power control algorithm at the physical layer that provides efficient energy savings in this heterogeneous setting. Simulation experiments show that VGAP has a good performance in terms of packet delivery ratio, end-to-end packet delay, call blocking probability, and network scalability.     

MobiPADS: a reflective middleware for context-aware mobile computing

Traditionally, middleware technologies, such as CORBA, Java RMI, and Microsoft's DCOM, have provided a set of distributed computing services that essentially abstract the underlying network services to a monolithic "black box." In a mobile operating environment, the fundamental assumption of middleware abstracting a unified distributed service for all types of applications operating over a static network infrastructure is no longer valid. In particular, mobile applications are not able to leverage the benefits of adaptive computing to optimize its computation based on current contextual situations. In this paper, we introduce the Mobile Platform for Actively Deployable Service (MobiPADS) system. MobiPADS is designed to support context-aware processing by providing an executing platform to enable active service deployment and reconfiguration of the service composition in response to environments of varying contexts. Unlike most mobile middleware, MobiPADS supports dynamic adaptation at both the middleware and application layers to provide flexible configuration of resources to optimize the operations of mobile applications. Within the MobiPADS system, services (known as mobilets) are configured as chained service objects to provide augmented services to the underlying mobile applications so as to alleviate the adverse conditions of a wireless environment.     

网格中间件体系结构的研究

网格计算研究越来越多,但是当前的研究多数面向基层基础构架的研究,如Globus,Legion等,也有在此基础上的一些应用研究,如计算网格、信息网格、知识网格和商业应用网格等,而对于网格中间件GM的研究还是处于启蒙阶段。文中在讨论了网格和中间件技术后,将两者很好地结合,给出一种网格中间件的体系结构,旨在实现当前基于开放式网格服务架构(OGSA)标准下的网格服务聚合和工作流思想。     

Multicast support in mobile commerce applications

Mobile commerce is an emerging discipline that involves mobile devices, applications, middleware, and wireless networks. Although most e-commerce applications can be modified to run in a wireless environment, m-commerce includes a wide range of new services ranging from locational advertising to mobile offices that are only possible with a wireless infrastructure. Among the many challenges m-commerce presents to network designers, service providers, vendors, and applications developers is providing support for multicast communications. Unlike broadcasting, in which everyone is sent a message, or replicated unicasting, in which messages are sent one by one to individual clients, multicasting involves sending messages to only a select group of mobile users. It thus avoids sending messages to too many users or using too many resources to send messages. The article presents five classes of m-commerce applications that require or can benefit from multicast support in wireless networks. Even among those requiring such support, specific requirements vary considerably. Reliability is an important requirement for many m-commerce applications, while real-time applications need low latency or a certain quality of service. Security is also a major concern in some instances