A survey of CSCW systems

Over the last decade, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has emerged as an identifiable research area that focuses on the role of the computer in group work. CSCW is a generic term which combines the understanding of the nature of group working with the enabling technologies of computer networking, systems support and applications. The paper examines the classes of system which have emerged to support cooperative working. A framework for characterising and describing CSCW systems is presented and four major classes of cooperative system identified. Each of these classes of cooperative system are examined highlighting their general characteristics and applicability to CSCW.     

Data management issues and trade-offs in CSCW systems

Substantial interest has developed in recent years in building computer systems that support cooperative work among groups without the need for physical proximity. This paper examines some of the difficult data management issues in designing systems for computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). Specifically, we consider an example CSCW system to support large-scale team science over the Internet: the Collaboratory Builder's Environment. We discuss the issues of managing shared data in such systems, reducing information overload and providing group awareness and access control. We discuss several promising approaches to these issues. We point out where a significant gap remains in addressing the requirements of such systems and where designers have to make design trade-offs that can be difficult to evaluate. Finally, we discuss several open issues for future work     

一个基于CSCW的协同式计算机辅助设计系统

文中首先建立了一个CSCW系统的基本模型;然后详细介绍了一个基于复制式应用程序共享方式技术的协同式计算机辅助设计系统－CoopCAD的系统结构和关键技术,最后,给出了一个使用CoopCAD系统进行协同设计的例子。     

一个CSCW系统的设计与实现

随着计算机网络技术的发展,计算机支持的协同工作（CSCW）系统正逐渐成为人们研究的热点,协同式计算机辅助设计系统是一类典型的CSCW系统。本文在介绍了CSCW的基本概念之后,从系统组成的角度出发,提出了一个典型的CSCW系统是由应用子系统、信息共享平台、协同工作平台、协作管理平台、以及网络传输平台这五大部分组成的,并对其各部分的内容进行了形式化的描述和系统的分析,最后以我们开发的协同式计算机辅助设计系统－－CoopCAD为例,介绍了如何按照该结构实现一个具有实时性的协同式计算机辅助设计系统。     

一个虚拟教室的协同感知技术

协同感知技术近来成为CSCW和CSCL的一个新的研究领域，它足一个先进的人机接口技术。该文介绍了一个在虚拟教室中实现的协同感知代理的框架结构以及这个协同感知代理的工作过程，在该协同感知过程中实现了对感知信息的灵活过滤，提高了协同感知的效率。     

计算机协同工作技术

本文介绍了在人类社会信息化发展的大背景下，由通信技术与计算机及其网络技术相融合而发展起来的计算机协同工作（ＣＳＣＷ，ＣｏｍｐｕｔｅｒＳｕｐｐｏｒｔｅｄＣｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅＷｏｒｋ）技术的发展背景、基本概念及广泛的应用领域，并分析了计算机协同工作系统的关键技术；指出计算机协同工作技术是计算机网络技术发展的重要方向，必将带来人们协作方式的发展和协作效率的提高，并推动人类社会信息化进程。     

The Role of Fuzzy Awareness Modelling in Cooperative Management

Cooperative management is concerned with the management of networks and services involving the cooperation of a number of human/organizational entities. One of the prerequisites for efficient management of these complex systems is related to understanding of the roles of humans and the ways hey interact with each other. Cooperative management Methodology for Enterprise Networks (CoMEN) achieves these objectives by defining an abstract measure of cooperation called Awareness level that is based on Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) concepts and techniques. In view of the abstract nature of the awareness level definitions, it is not clear how abstract awareness levels can be accurately translated into equivalent cooperative management design parameters. This paper explores the notion of fuzzy sets that enables the use of linguistic values for awareness levels. This is aimed at unveiling of the deficiencies in the existing collaborative support tools with a view to developing more effective cooperative applications. We also model the CSCW tools in terms of repositories and communication mechanisms using fuzzy notions with a view to arrive at a formal design methodology for cooperative management systems. The idea has been illustrated with a case study in a large telecom organization.     

协作环境中的关键技术研究

CSCW的发展提出了构建开放协作环境的需求,网格技术为这一开放协作环境的研究带来了新机遇.构建开放协作环境需综合研究一系列关键技术,包括协作虚拟场地技术、协作感知技术、协同服务总线技术和协同信息共享空间等,并要将这些技术同CSCW的研究成果相融合,包括如工作流技术、各种交互群件技术.本文介绍这一开放协作环境的基本架构,并重点阐述协同信息共享空间研究中协作信息本体模型的研究.     

基于CSCW的协作学习系统的研究与实现

计算机辅助协同工作（ＣＳＣＷ） 的出现,反映了人们对计算机功能需求的改变,即希望计算机系统从传统的解决计算问题发展为辅助用户间的交互活动。首次将ＣＳＣＷ 的概念引入协作学习系统的设计之中,提出一种基于ＣＳＣＷ 的协作学习系统的结构模型,同时就ＣＳＣＷ 的若干核心技术———多用户接口、协作机制、并发控制等结合系统的设计与实现进行了研究与探讨。最后给出了一个具体的实现原型：ＮＪＵ ＣＬＳ。     

分布式多媒体网络协作平台的研究

计算机支持的协同工作(CSCW)体现并符合信息时代人们工作的分布性、交互性和协同性的特征,涉及分布式系统、计算机通信、人机交互、人工智能和社会科学等诸多方面,因而日益受到人们的重视。文章结合CSCW技术提出了一个通用分布式多媒体网络协作平台的体系结构,分析了多媒体通信,用户协作信息管理,协同应用的并发控制机制等问题,最终实现了分布式、网络传输、多媒体技术在平台中的集成,并介绍了几个应用实例。     

Computer supported cooperative work: an overview

Abstract

Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) is a new field which embraces the fields of psychology, sociology, anthropology, linguistics, human factors, computer science and system analysis, design and implementation. CSCW exploits the increasing ubiquity and power of technology, and our growing knowledge of how people work together in groups and teams, in order to improve the effectiveness of teams of all sizes–from two people up to whole organisations. CSCW technology aspects include communication systems, shared workspace facilities, shared information facilities and group activity supportfacilities. CSCW group process aspects include individual aspects, organisational aspects, group work design aspects and group dynamics aspects. The paper discusses all of these issues in more detail as well as describing categories of CSCW products, and the potential long-term impact of CSCW on group work and business activities.     

Serendipity: Integrated Environment Support for Process Modelling, Enactment and Work Coordination

Large cooperative work systems require work coordination, context awareness and process modelling and enactment mechanisms to be effective. Support for process modelling and work coordination in such systems also needs to support informal aspects of work which are difficult to codify. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) facilities, such as inter-person communication and collaborative editing, also need to be well-integrated into both process-modelling tools and tools used to perform work. Serendipity is an environment which provides high-level, visual process modelling and event-handling languages, and diverse CSCW capabilities, and which can be integrated with a range of tools to coordinate cooperative work. This paper describes Serendipity's visual languages, support environment, architecture, and implementation, together with experience using the environment and integrating it with other environments.     

软件质量协同控制的工作流模型研究与应用

随着计算机应用领域、规模的扩大,软件系统越来越复杂,软件开发越来越离不开协同工作。工作流技术是计算机支持协同工作(CSCW)研究领域的一个重要部分,是其实现的关键技术。该文提出了一个实用的软件开发CDDQT循环模型,并在其基础上建立了一个多Agent、以协同方式控制软件质量的工作流模型(SW_CQMWF)。它较全面反映软件质量控制过程中的信息处理以及信息流向,有效地保证协同开发中的软件质量。     

The relevance of Computer Supported Cooperative Work for advanced manufacturing

Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is faced with issues which are crucial to Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW). However, despite the large amount of work on Enterprise Integration and its obvious links to the CSCW field, this domain is almost totally absent in the work of the CSCW community. Therefore, this paper is intended to contribute to the discussion on the relevance of CSCW in manufacturing and to combine new concepts for cooperative work with requirements for information system design in production. Production related models, e.g., an order-driven mode of coordination, can be augmented with mechanisms of interaction for coordination, collaboration and co-decision and the design of customer/supplier chains. It is suggested, as one example, to use workflow management technology in advanced manufacturing for shop-floor production planning and control (PPC). The proposed enterprise model and support technology is especially useful for small-batch production.     

计算机辅助协同工作

一、什么是计算机辅助协同工作?随着高性能计算机及其网络的广泛应用,计算机系统正由传统的问题求解,执行一定的计算,朝着帮助用户进行交互并支持协同工作的方向发展。分工协作是一种完善     

Supporting Cooperation through Customisation: The Tviews Approach

User interfaces for groupware systems rarely reflectthe different requirements for support of theirend-users. Here we present an approach to designingmulti-user interfaces for cooperative systems whichbuilds on previous work from the HCI community in thearea of end-user customisation. Using this approach wehave developed an approach and a system prototype basedon tailorable views, or Tviews, which allows end-usersengaged in group working to configure theircooperative system interfaces to support theirdifferent tasks, preferences and levels of expertise.Tviews are user interface components which can bedragged and dropped over representations ofapplication objects to customise presentation,interaction and event updating properties, and canthemselves be tailored using high-level, incrementalcustomisation techniques. We discuss the implicationsof this work for CSCW system development by referenceto studies of work carried out by the CSCW communitywhich point to a need for more flexible and tailorablesystem interfaces.     

计算机支持下的协同工作的研究现状综述

计算机支持的协同工作主要是研究如何利用网络通信、多媒体和计算机技术,支持工作群体成员在共享环境下的协同工作、共同完成某项任务,近年来发展十分迅速。在总结国际国内 ＣＳＣＷ研究工作的基础上,对ＣＳＣＷ的模型、通信协议、协作机制的实现方法、同步机制、人机交互接口和ＣＳＣＷ的应用等等各方面的主要内容和研究现状做了一全面的综述,以期对我国ＣＳＣＷ的研究与发展能起到一定的推动作用。     

Taking CSCW seriously

The topic of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) has attracted much attention in the last few years. While the field is obviously still in the process of development, there is a marked ambiguity about the exact focus of the field. This lack of focus may hinder its further development and lead to its dissipation. In this paper we set out an approach to CSCW as a field of research which we believe provides a coherent conceptual framework for this area, suggesting that it should be concerned with thesupport requirements of cooperative work arrangements. This provides a more principled, comprehensive, and, in our opinion, more useful conception of the field than that provided by the conception of CSCW as being focused on computer support for groups. We then investigate the consequences of taking this alternative conception seriously, in terms of research directions for the field. As an indication of the fruits of this approach, we discuss the concept of ‘articulation work’ and its relevance to CSCW. This raises a host of interesting problems that are marginalized in the work on small group support but critical to the success of CSCW systems ‘in the large’, i. e., that are designed to meet current work requirements in the everyday world.     

CSCW环境下对多数据库的操作

ＣＳＣＷ（Ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ ＳＵｐｐｏｒｔｅｄ Ｃｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｖｅ Ｗｏｒｋ）是计算机支持的多个用户进行协同工作的研究范畴。它面向的是应用用户,而大部分用户都或多或少地与数据库打交道。这些数据库的特点是,可能先于ＣＳＣＷ系统早就存在的,从而有其多态性、自治性及适应于ＣＳＣＷ环境的分布性。为此,本文就用户在该环境下面对多个数据库的操作进行分析,提出了用户对多数据库操作的语句句法及其实现策略。     

基于Web的协同商标图案设计系统研究

图案的协同设计是计算机支持的协同工作的一个典型应用 ,针对纺织商标图案设计的要求 ,给出了一个基于 Web的协同商标图案设计系统的体系结构 ,重点阐述了在同步设计环境中基于事件驱动机制的多用户同步设计思想 ,并提出了一个基于动态的最高优先级策略来控制系统的并发