ANSWER: AutoNomouS netWorked sEnsoR system

Sensor networks are expected to evolve into long-lived, open, ubiquitous, multi-purpose networked systems. We propose a new concept called AutoNomouS netWorked sEnsoR system (ANSWER) whose mission is to provide in situ users with real-time, secure information that enhances their situational and location awareness. To the best of our knowledge, solutions that accomplish this goal do not yet exist. ANSWER finds immediate applications to both overt and covert operations ranging from tactical battlefield surveillance to crisis management and homeland security. The architectural model of ANSWER is composed of a large number of sensors and of a set of (mobile) aggregation-and-forwarding nodes that organize and manage the sensors in their vicinity. In this paper we present the main features that enable ANSWER to effectively and efficiently provide secure, QoS-aware information services to in situ mobile users; namely, secure dynamic task-based networking and in-network storage to support application-level tasks and queries (each specified with desired QoS and security attributes), while hiding network-level details; and a model-based methodology exploiting QoS and security trade-offs for smart AFN mobility subject to application and network requirements and constraints. This new concept is in sharp departure from the prevalent view in NSS design that networking is independent of the task(s) at hand and information processing and storage are, primarily, the responsibility of remote entities.     

声音传感器节点的设计

无线传感器网络是集成了传感器技术、计算机技术和无线通信技术的一种新型的网络。它是获取外部环境的物理信息的一种有效的方法。可以工作在恶劣的环境下,获取人们自身无法得到的信息。本文主要介绍了传感器网络的基本概念、特点和应用。还有声音传感器节点的具体设计。     

面向对象Petri网的网络传感器管理系统建模

传感器资源管理是一个复杂的系统工程，特别是在分布式传感器网络中，传感器种类繁多，使用一般的Petri网建模方法很难对系统作一形象描述。本文提出了一种应用面向对象Petri网对该系统进行建模的方法，并针对网络传感器管理特点，构造了网络传感器管理系统模型。     

Integrated sensor and management system for urban waste water networks and prevention of critical situations

This work describes the design and implementation of improvements to the monitoring system of an urban waste water network, resulting in more efficient management of the system. To achieve this objective, the latest communications technology has been incorporated into heterogeneous networks and sensor systems. This technology includes mobile systems, which take measurements and transmit images in real time, an intelligent platform for processing and management of variables, and the implementation of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) designed with specific protocols and tools that allow the rapid deployment of the network and allow measurements to be taken in emergency situations. The sensors in this type of installation are extremely important for the management of the system as they allow us to collect information and make decisions with sufficient time to deal effectively with critical situations such as flooding or overloading of the waste water system, or environmental problems such as dumping of possible pollutants, as well as to make the best use of the water cycle. The solution presented here automates large portions of the processes, minimizing the possibility of human error, and increasing the frequency and accuracy of the measurements taken, ensuring a robust communication system covering all the elements involved to provide ubiquity of information, and finally gives an application layer to manage the system and receive alerts.     

Scale-free,self-organizing very large sensor networks

In this paper we introduce SFSN, an algorithm for self-organization of Very Large Sensor Networks (VLSN). The 10⁶ or more tiny and inexpensive sensors of a VLSN are indistinguishable from one another; they do not have either a physical or a logical address, as required by the traditional communication protocols. The self-organization scheme limits the number of partners each sensor collaborates with, thus, it limits the amount of communication and the complexity of coordination. The system is scalable, the amount of state information each node has to maintain is strictly limited regardless of the total number of sensors in the network. The systems we consider mimic biological systems where individual cells of the same type are indistinguishable.     

无线传感器网络的组网及路由协议研究

无线传感器网络被视为是21世纪最重要的技术之一,首先介绍了无线传感器网络的特点和主要应用,然后对无线传感器网络的组网方式和网络体系结构进行了研究,无线传感器网络具有很多不同于传统网络的特点,因此,路由协议设计等显得尤为重要,于是对现在几种主要的路由协议进行了较为详细的介绍,并重点对LEACH协议进行了深入分析,通过分析发现LEACH协议的不足之处。     

用于故障检测和改进产品质量的以太网解决方案

观察集成精密传感器的容错型联网拓扑结构的发展 ,其主要集中在以MODBUSTCP/IP以太网为基础的SEMI传感器总线标准上 ,该技术已处于网络互联技术的领先地位。文章介绍了该标准和它在系统集成中的优点 ,讨论了一个半导体芯片厂在APC框架中通过集成智能传感器 ,使Internet/Intranet技术向下贯通到传感器层 ,明显加快了关键过程信息的采集 ,这一成就极大地简化了在工厂底层采用和支持智能传感器的技术     

传感网络:概念，应用与挑战

Sensor network has experienced world-wide explosive interests in recent years. It combines the technology of modern microelectronic sensors, embedded computational processing systems, and modern computer and wireless networking methodologies. In this overview paper, we first provide some rationales for the growth of sensor networking. Then we discuss various basic concepts and hardware issues. Four basic application cases in the US. National Science Foundation funded Ceneter for Embedded Networked Sensing program at UCLA are presented. Finally, six challenging issues in sensor networks are discussed. Numerous references including relevant papers, books, and conferences that have appeared in recent years are given.     

A case-based method for service-oriented value chain and sustainable network design

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to present a case-based analytic method for a service-oriented value chain and a sustainable network design considering customer, environmental and social values. Enterprises can enhance competitive advantage by providing more values to all stakeholders in the network.Design/methodology/approachOur model employs a stylized database to identify successful cases of value chain application under similar company marketing conditions, illustrating potential value chains and sustainable networks as references. This work first identifies economic benefits, environmental friendliness and social contribution values based on prior studies. Next, a search engine which is developed based on the rough set theory will search and map similarities to find similar or parallel cases in the database. Finally, a visualized network mapping will be automatically generated to possible value chains.FindingsThis study applies a case-based methodology to assist enterprises in developing a service-oriented value chain design. For decision makers, this can reduce survey time and inspire innovative works based on previous successful experience. Besides, successful ideas from prior cases can be reused. In addition to customer values, this methodology incorporates environment and social values that may encourage a company to build their value chain in a more comprehensive and sustainable manner.Research implicationsThis is a pilot study which attempts to utilize computer-aided methodology to assist in service or value-related design. The pertinent existing solutions can be filtered from an array of cases to engage the advantages from both product-oriented and service-oriented companies. Finally, the visualized display of value network is formed to illustrate the results.Practical implicationsA customized service-oriented value chains which incorporates environment and social values can be designed according to different conditions. Also, this system engages the advantages from both product-oriented and service-oriented companies to build a more comprehensive value network. Apart from this, the system can be utilized as a benchmarking tool, and it could remind the decision makers to consider potential value from a more multifaceted perspective.Originality/valueThis is the first paper that applied a computer-aided method to design service-oriented value chains. This work also can serve as a decision support and benchmarking system because decision makers can develop different value networks according to various emphasized values. Finally, the visualized display of value network can improve the communication among stakeholders.     

Environmental sensor networks

The developments in wireless network technology and miniaturization makes it possible to realistically monitor the natural environment. Within the field of environmental sensor networks, domain knowledge is an essential fourth component. Before designing and installing any system, it is necessary to understand its physical environment and deployment in detail. Sensor networks are designed to transmit data from an array of sensors to a server data repository. They do not necessarily use a simple one way data stream over a communication network rather elements of the system decide what data to pass on, using local area summaries and filtering to minimize power use while maximizing the information content. The Envisense Glacs Web project is developing a monitoring system for a glacial environment. Monitoring the ice caps and glaciers provides valuable information about the global warming and climate change.     

语义传感器Web中传感器本体的构建及应用

语义传感器Web的出现为物联网中传感器系统间的数据互操作、信息共享和知识融合提供了实现方式,传感器本体的构建则是实现这些功能的前提.本文在参考万维网联盟提出的语义传感器网络本体的基础上,对传感器及配套的数据采集仪构建了对应的本体,为传感器系统提供了有效的知识组织模型.通过建立的传感器和数据采集仪本体,可以实现传感器的自动分类管理,设定推理规则后可以提供传感器和采集仪间的配接推荐,提高检测现场多传感器系统设计的效率和可靠性,将领域知识应用到系统设计和管理中.最后以具体的传感器实例对推理规则进行了测试,结果满足应用要求.     

Constraints for the design of variability-intensive service-oriented reference architectures – An industrial case study

ContextService-oriented architecture has become a widely used concept in software industry. However, we currently lack support for designing variability-intensive service-oriented systems. Such systems could be used in different environments, without the need to design them from scratch. To support the design of variability-intensive service-oriented systems, reference architectures that facilitate variability in instantiated service-oriented architectures can help.ObjectiveThe design of variability-intensive service-oriented reference architectures is subject to specific constraints. Architects need to know these constraints when designing such reference architectures. Our objective is to identify these constraints.MethodAn exploratory case study was performed in the context of local e-government in the Netherlands to study constraints from the perspective of (a) the users of a variability-intensive service-oriented system (municipalities that implement national laws), and (b) the implementing organizations (software vendors). We collected data through interviews with representatives from five organizations, document analyses and expert meetings.ResultsWe identified ten constraints (e.g., organizational constraints, integration-related constraints) which affect the process of designing reference architectures for variability-intensive service-oriented systems. Also, we identified how stakeholders are affected by these constraints, and how constraints are specific to the case study domain.ConclusionsOur results help design variability-intensive service-oriented reference architectures. Furthermore, our results can be used to define processes to design such reference architectures.     

Sensor fault diagnostics for a class of non-linear systems using linear matrix inequalities

This paper develops a systematic approach to fault diagnostic system design for sensor health monitoring in Lipschitz non-linear systems. The methodology applies to non-linear systems with three or more sensors in which the state is observable through any one of the sensor measurements. Two major issues are addressed in the paper—observer design for the non-linear system to ensure directional growth of residues for failure identification and use of linear matrix inequalities for explicit design of the observer gain. The use of the methodology is demonstrated through an illustrative example.     

Web services management: a survey

Solutions based on service-oriented architectures are promising in that they leverage common services and enable collaborative business processes that cross organizational boundaries. However, because Web services applications can span multiple hosts, operating systems, languages, and enterprises, it's problematic to measure, control, and manage application availability and performance. In addition to discussing the relationship of Web services management to traditional distributed systems management, this survey explores various Web services management approaches and their underlying architectural concepts.     

Computational architectures for sonar array processing in autonomous rovers

This paper presents design of novel embedded computational architectures for real time, in-motion mapping based on ultrasound sensors for use in resource constrained autonomous rovers. Autonomous rovers are a class of real time systems that are constrained for size, weight, on-board computational resources and power. Embedded computing architectures designed for implementing the mapping and navigational algorithms must optimize the use of these resources. In the process of map generation, raw sensor data obtained from an array of ultrasound sensors is filtered for sensor noise using probabilistic sensor model, and probabilistic data fusion methods are employed for spatial and temporal correlation of data for improving the map. In this paper, we present a System-on-Chip design based design space exploration of embedded computational architectures for implementation on field programmable gate arrays. We seek to exploit system level, region level and sensor level parallelism in the mapping algorithm for enhancing the throughput. Design space exploration is carried out by employing existing soft core processors, designing custom co-processors and data path modules and integrating them using parallel and pipelined data flow approaches. Results of mapping a test area on all the architectures are compared to characterize the performance and suitability of the proposed architectures.     

Security and privacy in sensor networks

Sensor networks offer economically viable solutions for a variety of applications. For example, current implementations monitor factory instrumentation, pollution levels, freeway traffic, and the structural integrity of buildings. Other applications include climate sensing and control in office buildings and home environmental sensing systems for temperature, light, moisture, and motion. Sensor networks are key to the creation of smart spaces, which embed information technology in everyday home and work environments. The miniature wireless sensor nodes, or motes, developed from low-cost off-the-shelf components at the University of California, Berkeley, as part of its smart dust projects, establish a self-organizing sensor network when dispersed into an environment. The privacy and security issues posed by sensor networks represent a rich field of research problems. Improving network hardware and software may address many of the issues, but others will require new supporting technologies.     

Data transformation and query management in personal health sensor networks

Sensor technology has been exploited in many application areas ranging from climate monitoring, to traffic management, and healthcare. The role of these sensors is to monitor human beings, the environment or instrumentation and provide continuous streams of information regarding their status or well being. In the case study presented in this work, the network is provided by football teams with sensors generating continuous heart rate values during a number of different sporting activities. In wireless networks such as these, the requirement is for methods of data management and transformation in order to present data in a format suited to high level queries. In effect, what is required is a traditional database-style query interface where domain experts can continue to probe for the answers required in more specialised environments. The challenge arises from the gap that emerges between the low level sensor output and the high level user requirements of the domain experts. This paper describes a process to close this gap by automatically harvesting the raw sensor data and providing semantic enrichment through the addition of context data.     

无线传感器网络的研究现状及发展趋势

无线传感器网络将传感器技术、通信技术、计算机技术结合在一起,具有信息采集、传输、处理的能力。传感器网络最初是由于军事的需要而发展起来的,随着传感器网络技术的逐步发展,它的应用也越来越广泛,现在已从军事防御普及到社会的各个领域。本文以综述的方式介绍了无线传感器网络的发展历史、研究现状以及未来的发展趋势,同时介绍了无线传感器网络的原理,给出了一些典型的应用。     

Smart Dust Security – Key Infection Revisited

Sensor network is a notion denoting an interesting subset of self-organising wireless networks. These networks are rather dense as each node have typically more than dozen neighbours, and large – with tens to hundreds thousands of nodes. Applications of such networks assume distributed environmental sensing performed by each sensor in the network, where data from a particular sensor gain value only when combined with data from a relatively high number of other sensors. One of the open security questions in this specific environment is a possibility to lower requirements on key distribution and key management and thus decrease production costs. One of the possible ways is “key infection”. The paper recaps a protocol and already published results. It also elaborates the concept of key infection by introducing a new variant of security amplification protocol, and presents some interesting results obtained by simulations.     

Development of circular economy in smart cities based on FPGA and wireless sensors

Smart City is an urban environment that combines advanced wireless sensors, information, and communication technology to help effectively manage the city's assets. Wireless Sensor is a rapidly evolving technology into a variety of applications. Wireless sensors are used to detect, calculate, measure, and monitor environmental elements in the communication network, and infrastructure, logging, and characterization profile generating node and improve the medical, transportation, agriculture, industrial process control applications many great potentials, and the economic growth in smart cities. The sensor is an important part of smart cities, as they are based on data collected for these services. Wireless Sensors can transmit data of various remote locations, maybe a relatively inexpensive and compact sensor with low power consumption and maintenance costs, allowing them to build deployment. The Implementation of wireless sensors for smart cities' economic growth of wireless sensors is used for smart building, health monitoring, surveillance, and avoid traffic congestion. Improved transportation, communication technology, avoiding traffic congestion, national infrastructure, including social infrastructure and network components, protocols, and sensor deployment, to achieve the industry constraints, has been designed to ensure reliability and low power consumption.