ERP管理思想及其发展趋势探析

通过分析企业资源计划（Enterprise Resource Planning,简称ERP）环境下的管理思想模式,结合中国企业管理现状,指出了ERP先进的管理理念,构建了适合企业自身特点的管理模式,并对ERP的未来发展做了分析和展望。ERP,它转变了管理理念,拓宽了管理范围,具有先进性和科学性。     

氧化铝生产过程制造执行系统的研究

制造执行系统(MES)是连接上层企业资源计划(ERP)与底层过程控制系统(PCS)的桥梁,是基于ERP,MES,PCS三层结构的流程工业综合自动化系统的关键。针对氧化铝生产过程的特点,分析和探讨了氧化铝生产过程MES体系结构和功能,提出了氧化铝生产过程MES的功能模块设计。实践结果表明:氧化铝MES的实施实现了氧化铝生产过程,下层过程控制的实时信息和上层企业资源计划的信息融合与贯通,实现了氧化铝生产过程的优化控制、优化运行和优化管理,提高了企业的综合竞争力。     

Making ERPs work: accountants and the introduction of ERP systems

In the last 10 years, the majority of large companies have attempted to install Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, replacing functional systems with a standardised company-wide system. However, making an ERP system work, we contend, is more than an issue of technical expertise or social accommodation: it is an ongoing, dynamic interaction between the ERP system, different groups in an organisation and external groups, such as vendors, management consultants and shareholders. This paper builds this argument using the example of management accountants in the U.K. based on evidence from a survey and several case studies. Drawing on work by Scarbrough and Corbett, we apply and develop a model, the technology power loop, linking technology, the control of technology and expertise to explain issues of how ERP systems are made to work and how expert groups seek to influence this development. We show, using empirical evidence from a survey and several case studies, that the relationship of accountants and technologies such as ERPs has become increasingly intertwined, but accountants continue to use their position to reshape their professional expertise wherever possible. However, our evidence also shows that neglect in this area allows other groups to wrest control from management accountants and make ERPs work for themselves.     

ERP与MES集成技术及其应用研究

ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)与MES(Manufacturing Execution System)是企业综合自动化的两个重要系统.ERP是面向管理的企业层信息系统;MES是面向执行的工厂层信息系统,为ERP系统和底层过程控制系统提供关键连接.介绍了ERP和MES的功能模型,分析了钢铁企业ERP和MES的集成方法,结合某钢轧总厂的实际应用提出了一种ERP与MES的集成技术,基于流程设计了SAP XI(Exchange Infrastructure)接口系统,并将整个接口系统分为生产计划与控制、物料管理、销售与分销、质量管理四个模块,有效地解决了ERP与MES之间的矛盾,提高了系统实时性、灵活性和生产线的运行效率.     

扩展企业资源计划体系结构研究

企业资源计划已经成为制造业后台事务处理的中枢,它将企业的各种功能集成到一个共同的系统中,使企业业务流程畅通和事务处理工作自动化。随着企业管理思想和信息技术的发展,传统的企业资源计划面临着新的挑战。针对企业资源计划所面临的环境和存在的问题,该文深入分析了下一代企业资源计划的需求。基于所分析需求的驱动,以及当前软件工程领域和信息系统领域的最新研究成果,笔者揭示了下一代企业资源计划的内涵,深化了其概念,并将其概括为扩展企业资源计划。在此基础上,给出了面向Web服务的EERP层次化体系结构,并详细论述了该体系结构的主要特征。     

基于SOA的制造业MRPⅡ系统的研究与实现

随着制造资源计划(MRPⅡ)在制造行业的推广和应用,如何设计一个业务敏捷的MRPⅡ系统已经成为一种发展趋势。本文依据某制造企业的实际情况,结合面向服务构架(SOA)理念,设计出一种基于SOA的MRPⅡ系统的实现方案,着重研究了生产管理模块的设计与实现,详细分析生产管理的主要模块如MRP计算等,最后详细介绍了该系统4层架构的实现。     

Investigating enterprise systems adoption: uncertainty avoidance,intrinsic motivation,and the technology acceptance model

Enterprise systems are gaining interest from both practitioners and researchers because of their potential linkages to organizational and individual user's productivity. Information systems (IS) researchers have been investigating the implementation and adoption issues of enterprise systems based on the organizational IS management perspectives. However, there are few papers that investigate enterprise systems management and implementation issues based on the informal control mechanisms, although the enterprise systems are control tools in the organization. Specifically, this paper applies Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) adoption and implementation to the informal controls, such as cultural control and self-control, which can be viewed as a tacit perspective in knowledge management. Uncertainty avoidance and perceived enjoyment are used as informal controls in the ERP implementation in this paper, and are linked to the technology acceptance variables to investigate the relationships among them. Sociotechnical design, organizational control mechanism, knowledge management, and individual motivation are reviewed to support this potential linkage in the model. Field data via the online survey of ERP systems user group (n=101) are analyzed with partial least squares and supported our hypotheses. Uncertainty avoidance cultural control and intrinsic motivation as self-control are the important antecedents of ERP systems adoption. Furthermore, the result helps the systems manager understand that informal controls should be applied to the ERP systems implementation to enhance tacit and social aspects of IS management.     

From means to ends: The transformation of ERP in a manufacturing company

In this paper, we present a case study of the restructuring of an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system within a manufacturing company, in particular the combination of Material Requirement Planning (MRP) with a Just In Time (JIT) material management procedure at the assembly lines. We focus in this study upon the mutual shaping of technology and organizational culture, in particular the virtualization of the organization. It is argued that the implementation of ERP in this specific context was more than an adaptation of a standardized information system relative to organizational requirements, and that the organizational adaptations were more than a re-engineering of business processes relative to ERP. Instead, we suggest that in this case the ERP system itself has been transformed, including a change in the signification of ERP within the company.     

行业版ERP软件研发中的计划管理方法

把MRP的理念引入到基于系统化软件复用的行业版ERP软件研发的计划管理领域中。对有形产品与ERP软件产晶的相似性和差异性进行了分析，研究了在行业版ERP软件研发中引入MRP方法的可行性，提出了一种MRP和GT相结合的、针对行业版ERP软件研发中计划管理的解决方案。     

塑化企业ERP系统的设计与研究

针对某塑化企业的管理现状和行业特点,进行了企业资源计划（ERP）的需求分析,提出适合塑化企业的ERP体系结构,对该系统模型进行了设计并在此基础上建立了数据库模型。物料清单（BOM）在该系统中占有重要地位,是塑化企业ERP的难点,本文从系统E-R图中提取关系后,建立了物品代码的资源实体,实现了BOM的设计要求。     

How does organisational absorptive capacity matter in the assimilation of enterprise information systems?

Extant literature offers two mostly distinct perspectives on enterprise systems assimilation – driven either by internal expertise and learning capability or by external institutional pressures. This study combines the two perspectives and subscribes to the view that organisations’ learning capability moderates their acquiescence to institutional pressures. The study then anchors organisational learning capability to the concept of absorptive capacity and proposes that its two dimensions – potential absorptive capacity (PACAP) and realised absorptive capacity (RACAP) – affect enterprise systems assimilation through different pathways. Our survey‐based empirical study of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems in the post‐implementation stage reveals that while both PACAP and RACAP have a positive direct impact on assimilation, PACAP positively moderates the impact of mimetic (institutional) pressures, but not normative (institutional) pressures, on assimilation; whereas RACAP positively moderates the impact of normative pressures, but not mimetic pressures, on assimilation. Thus, our theoretical contribution lies in understanding the distinct ways in which PACAP and RACAP moderate the influence of external institutional pressures on enterprise systems assimilation.     

基于SOA和BPM的ERP系统的研究与实现

分析了传统ERP解决方案所面临的不足, 提出了基于面向服务架构和业务流程管理实现ERP系统的解决方案。在深入探讨面向服务的框架模型原理及业务流程管理思想的基础上，给出了一个面向服务和业务流程管理的企业应用框架。并结合企业实践项目，详细阐述了基于SOA和BPM集成的方法和步骤，充分论证了基于SOA和BPM的ERP系统集成开发的可行性及优越性。     

User experience and personal innovativeness: An empirical study on the Enterprise Resource Planning systems

Although user experience and personal innovativeness are two important factors in new technology adoption, there has been no prior study to test these factors with the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) adoption. This paper investigates moderating roles of user experience on the relationship between the personal innovativeness and the ERP adoption motivations. This issue is important because if the user has more experience with the systems then the power of influence of personal innovativeness on ERP adoption motivation would be different. Thus, this paper tests these important insights of ERP systems adoption with the two different field samples with high (more than three years) and low (less than three years) user experience, based on the innovation diffusion theory, self determination theory, and different types of motivations such as intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. The findings, based on the PLS analysis of the model using 107 ERP end users, show that there are clear moderating effects of user experience—such as impacts of personal innovativeness on ERP systems adoption motivations are higher in case of low user experience samples, as expected. Academic and practical implications are discussed in the paper based on these empirical findings.     

药业ERP系统的研究与开发

随着药业市场竞争的日益激烈,制药企业迫切要求提高管理和生产自动化水平,企业资源计划（Enterprise Resource Planning,ERP）技术是促进企业管理和生产的重要手段。药业ERP由办公自动化（OA）、营销与客户关系管理（SCRM）、技术开发（TD）、质量信息管理（QIM）,生产自动化管理（PA）分五大系统组成。信息集成、信息采集与监控、条码技术、底层制造自动化、基于Internet的分销管理及系统安全保障技术是实施ERP的关键技术。     

电力电缆物资管理的ERP应用

随着改革开放的深入和市场经济的完善，企业管理者逐渐认识到，以信息化来推动工业化，是企业发展的必由之路；ERP项目的实施则是企业信息化的首要步骤。本文首先讨论ERP（Enterprise Resource Planning企业资源计划系统）的历程和概念，并以一个在运行的电力电缆物资管理ERP项目为例，说明ERP的实施技术，最后提出在项目实施中所遇到的一些问题。     

基于协同商务时代ERP的财务信息系统功能设计*

首先分析了ERP软件的研究发展现状,其次明确定义了协同商务时代ERP概念模式,最后系统地分析了协同商务对传统财务信息系统功能的影响。     

基于Web的分销供应链DRP系统的设计与实现

基于Web的工作方式、J2EE标准,采用企业级JAVA和XML技术,系统的可以移植性和可扩展性不受任何限制。采用Internet/Intranet技术及其多层架构应用体系、面向对象的分析与设计(OOA与OOD)、面向对象的编程(OOP),系统可以很好的和其他数据库、事务处理系统实现强大的集成,能与多种主流ERP以及财务管理系统做到紧密连接。     

基于插件技术的VWESA平台的研究与设计

针对当前企业资源计划(ERP)系统在中小型企业实施成本高、失败率高、个性化需求无法得到满足的问题,提出了基于Eclipse插件技术的ERP系统开发平台—VWESA.该平台按照面向服务架构(SOA)规范对企业业务流程及其功能进行小粒度服务抽取,并使用页面编辑环境和ERP-BPEL(业务流程执行语言)进行业务流程建模,最终由平台的解释引擎解释、生成基于Web service的ERP Web系统.经实践证明,采用本平台来构建符合企业个性化需求的ERP系统所需的开发时间比传统开发方式大幅度减少、开发效率大幅度提高,开发的灵活性更强;本平台适合用于个性化需求多变的中小型企业的ERP系统开发.     

ERP系统的发展现状和对策分析

在调研了北京和上海近十家使用ERP企业的现状后,分析了国内外企业ERP应用发展迟缓的原因,详细研究了ERP系统的技术特点和各个模块在企业生产运作环节中的实际应用.针对ERP系统供应商以及应用ERP企业运行中的诸多问题,提出了相关对策建议.     

Investigating success factors in enterprise application integration: a case-driven analysis

This paper investigates Critical Success Factors (CSFs) in Enterprise Application Integration (EAI). An initial set of CSFs for EAI projects was created based on a review and synthesis of the literature in the general area of integration, including Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects. A case analysis, involving a large financial services provider integrating its consumer banking systems, was used to validate the CSFs. The findings resulted in a more structured and holistic CSF model which identifies three broad groups of CSFs, namely (1) top management support, (2) overall integration strategy, and (3) EAI project planning and execution. Although EAI projects share many of the same CSFs as ERP projects and other information systems projects, issues related to the selection of the right EAI tool and emphasis on technology planning and enterprise architecture are distinguishing features of EAI projects. Some of practical implications of the research are that EAI projects require personnel with specific skills and expertise, business integration should precede technology integration, that availability of adapters is an important criteria in EAI tool selection and that some custom adapter development may be unavoidable if custom applications need to be integrated.