Extended Shearlet HMT Model-Based Image Denoising Using BKF Distribution

Images are often corrupted by noise in the procedures of image acquisition and transmission. It is a challenging work to design an edge-preserving image denoising scheme. Extended discrete Shearlet transform (extended DST) is an effective multi-scale and multi-direction analysis method; it not only can exactly compute the Shearlet coefficients based on a multiresolution analysis, but also can represent images with very few coefficients. In this paper, we propose a new image denoising approach in extended DST domain, which combines hidden Markov tree (HMT) model and Bessel K Form (BKF) distribution. Firstly, the marginal statistics of extended DST coefficients are studied, and their distribution is analytically calculated by modeling extended DST coefficients with BKF probability density function. Then, an extended Shearlet HMT model is established for capturing the intra-scale, inter-scale, and cross-orientation coefficients dependencies. Finally, an image denoising approach based on the extended Shearlet HMT model is presented. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our extended Shearlet HMT denoising approach can obtain better performances in terms of both subjective and objective evaluations than other state-of-the-art HMT denoising techniques. Especially, the proposed approach can preserve edges very well while removing noise.     

An Efficient Remote Sensing Image Denoising Method in Extended Discrete Shearlet Domain

Denoising of images is one of the most basic tasks of image processing. It is a challenging work to design a edge-preserving image denoising scheme. Extended discrete Shearlet transform (extended DST) is an effective multi-scale and multi-direction analysis method, it not only can exactly compute the shearlet coefficients based on a multiresolution analysis, but also can provide nearly optimal approximation for a piecewise smooth function. Based on extended DST, an image denoising using fuzzy support vector machine (FSVM) is proposed. Firstly, the noisy image is decomposed into different subbands of frequency and orientation responses using the extended DST. Secondly, the feature vector for a pixel in a noisy image is formed by the spatial regularity in extended DST domain, and the FSVM model is obtained by training. Then the extended DST detail coefficients are divided into two classes (edge-related coefficients and noise-related ones) by FSVM training model. Finally, the detail subbands of extended DST coefficients are denoised by using the adaptive Bayesian threshold. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method can obtain better performances in terms of both subjective and objective evaluations than those state-of-the-art denoising techniques. Especially, the proposed method can preserve edges very well while removing noise.     

基于非局部自相似的Shearlet自适应收缩图像去噪

针对Shearlet收缩去噪引入的Gibbs伪影和"裂痕"现象,提出一种结合非局部自相似的Shearlet自适应收缩图像去噪方法.首先,对噪声图像进行多方向多尺度的Shearlet分解;然后,基于高斯比例混合(GSM)模型的Shearlet系数分布建模,利用贝叶斯最小二乘估计对Shearlet系数进行自适应收缩去噪,重构得到初始去噪图像;最后,利用非局域自相似模型对初始去噪图像进行滤波处理,得到最终的去噪图像.实验结果表明,所提方法在更好地保留边缘特征的同时,有效地去除噪声和收缩去噪引入的Gibbs伪影,该方法获得的峰值信噪比(PSNR)和结构自相似指标(SSIM)比基于非抽样剪切波变换(NSST)的硬阈值去噪方法提高1.41 dB和0.08;比非抽样Shearlet域GSM模型去噪方法提高1.04 dB和0.045;比基于三变量模型的剪切波去噪方法提高0.64 dB和0.025.     

复数Curvelet 变换域复数高斯尺度混合图像降噪

提出了一种基于复数Curvelet 变换域复数高斯尺度混合（CGSM）模型的图像去噪方法．指出Curvelet 变换重构图像存在“划痕”和“嵌入污点”的主要原因是Curvelet 变换域存在频谱混叠,为此,采用复数小波变换和 改进的Radon 变换分别代替原Curvelet 变换中的实小波变换和Radon 变换．构造了具有抗混叠性能的复数Curvelet 变换．本文同时把高斯尺度混合（GSM）模型扩展到复小波域,形成对复小波系数的幅值和相位信息具有有效捕捉 能力的复数GSM 模型,并在复数Curvelet 变换域,采用贝叶斯最小平方（BLS）估计器对CGSM 模型下含噪复系数 进行有效估计,从而实现降噪．实验结果表明,无论是用PSNR 指标评估,还是在视觉效果上,本文方法的去噪性能 均好于传统Curvelet 去噪、Curvelet 域HMT 去噪和小波域BLS-GSM 去噪．本文方法在有效去噪的同时,具有很好 的图像边缘和细节保护能力．     

基于四元数小波变换HMT模型的图像去噪

实小波变换域中的图像去噪会产生伪Gibbs现象,为此,提出一种基于四元数小波变换的隐马尔可夫树模型(Q-HMT),并应用于图像去噪。模型结合四元数小波变换理论与HMT模型,体现小波系数层间的相关性,捕获小波系数邻域的统计特征。实验结果表明,该模型的图像去噪效果在峰值信噪比以及视觉效果上均优于经典的去噪方法。     

双群交换微粒群算法及在Shearlet图像去噪中的应用

分析基于不同进化模型的双群交换微粒群优化算法的不足,提出改进的双群交换微粒群优化算法。算法将微粒分成大小相同的两分群,第一分群采用标准微粒群模型进化,第二分群采用Cognition Only模型进化,当微粒进化到稳定状态,从第一分群随机抽取部分粒子与第二分群适应值最差粒子进行交换,重复上述操作直到找到最优解。实验结果显示：该算法有更好的全局寻优能力和达优率。为验证算法实用性,将改进算法用于Shearlet图像去噪。该方法根据Shearlet变换域不同尺度和方向系数的分布特性,采用改进算法自适应确定各尺度和方向的最优阈值,实现基于图像内容的自适应去噪。实验表明,该方法能有效滤除图像噪声,较好保留图像边缘信息,去噪后图像具有更高峰值信噪比（PSNR）。     

基于Shearlet变换和多尺度Retinex的遥感图像增强算法

传统的小波变换、曲波变换和轮廓波变换无法对图像提供最优的稀疏表示,不能取得好的增强效果,为此,提出了一种基于剪切波(Shearlet)变换的图像增强算法.经Shearlet变换,图像被分解成低频分量和高频分量.首先,对Shearlet变换分解后的低频分量进行多尺度Retinex(MSR)调整,以减轻光照条件对图像的影响;其次,对各尺度、各方向上的高频系数采用阈值抑噪来消除噪声;最后,对重构图像进行模糊对比度增强,提高图像的整体对比度.实验结果表明该算法能够明显改善图像的视觉效果,突出图像的纹理细节且具有良好的抗噪性能.与直方图均衡(HE)、MSR、基于非下采样轮廓波变换(NSCT)的图像模糊增强(NSCT_fuzzy)算法相比,图像清晰度、信息熵、峰值信噪比(PSNR)均有一定的提高,且运行时间缩短为MSR的1/2和NSCT_fuzzy的1/10左右.     

小波域HMT模型参数的快速估计及其在图像降噪中的应用

小波域隐马尔可夫树(Hidden Markov Tree，HMT)模型可以很好地刻画尺度内与尺度间小波系数的相关性，但模型参数的训练过程复杂，计算量大。针对这个缺点，提出了一种不经训练的HMT模型参数快速估计方法。该算法首先用一种自适应阈值将每个子带小波系数分成不同的类，然后分别对每类进行统计，这种统计是局部的，因而有很好的局部自适应性，最后模型参数可以利用这些局部的统计特性来描述。将估计出的参数模型运用到图像降噪中，实验结果表明这种快速估计的HMT参数模型不仅可以大大提高计算速度，降低计算复杂度，而且从峰值信噪比和主观视觉效果上都不逊于传统的经过迭代训练的HMT模型降噪算法。     

基于剪切波变换的纹理图像分类

二维可分离小波在纹理分析领域得到了成功的应用,但它只提取图像水平、垂直和对角方向的频率信息,其变换滤波器是各向同性的,不能很好地表达纹理的细节。利用剪切波变换优良的多尺度性、局域性和方向性,提出一种基于剪切波变换（Shearlet transform）的纹理分类算法。该方法先对纹理图像做剪切波变换,得到各尺度、方向子带的剪切系数,计算尺度间子带能量比,以尺度间能量比为权对各子带能量加权,以加权后的子带能量作为特征矢量,用K邻近分类器进行分类。实验结果表明该方法比基于小波的纹理分类方法更加有效。     

复小波域层内层间相关性图像去噪方法

提出了双树复小波变换域尺度内和尺度间复系数相关性图像去噪新方法。该方法利用双树复小波变换的多方向性和平移不变性对图像进行多尺度分解,采用邻域复系数微分窗对其高频方向子图进行尺度内复系数相关性建模,并按最小错误率贝叶斯决策规则进行分类和状态标识;再把复系数尺度内状态标识与复小波域隐马尔可夫树相结合,从而实现降噪功能。实验结果表明,该方法在峰值信噪比指标上优于传统的滤波方法,能有效地抑制噪声的同时,对图像边缘具有较好的保护能力。     

自适应Shearlet域约束的全变差图像去噪

采用传统非线性扩散图像去噪方法得到的图像边缘模糊,为此,提出一种有限自适应Shearlet域约束的极小化变分图像去噪算法。通过自适应阈值收缩Shearlet系数,保留图像纹理与边缘空间,利用全变差极小化平滑空间,建立全变差正则化的能量泛函去噪模型。实验结果表明,该算法能在减少图像噪声的同时,保留图像边缘信息,对含有丰富纹理结构的图像,去噪性能更佳。     

An edge detection scheme based on least squares support vector machine in a contourlet HMT domain

In this paper, we have presented a new and effective edge detection scheme based on least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) classification in a contourlet Hidden Markov Tree Model (contourlet HMT). First, the input noisy image is decomposed into coarser and finer coefficients using a contourlet HMT transform to derive an efficient multiscale and multidirectional image representation. Second, the feature vector is performed through spatial regularity in a contourlet HMT domain, and the coarser coefficients classified using LS-SVM classifier into two classes: noise coefficients and edge coefficients. Next, all noisy contourlet HMT coefficients are well denoised by the BayesShrink method.Finally, the denoised coefficients and edge coefficients are fused using the weighted average rule, and the inverse contourlet HMT is applied to obtain the edge image.Experimental results demonstrate that our scheme can attain improved performance over state-of-the-art edge detection approaches, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Tests were performed on several images from the Berkeley dataset corrupted with Gaussian noise and on other images such as a cameraman, pepper and medical images. The results illustrate that the performance of the proposed scheme is stable.     

基于小波域隐马尔可夫树模型的图像复原

从图像复原的Bayesian方法出发,提出一种基于小波域隐马尔可夫树(HMT)模型的线性图像复原算法,小波域HMT模型采用混合高斯模型刻画各子带系数的概率分布,并通过小波系数隐状态在多个尺度之间的Markov依赖性来刻画自然图像小波系数随尺度减小而指数衰减的特性,由于小波域HMT模型准确刻画了自然图像小波变换的统计特性,该文算法以此作为自然图像的先验模型,将图像复原问题转化为一个约束优化问题并用最速下降法对其进行求解,同时,提出了一种规整化参数和HMT模型参数的自适应选择方法,实验结果表明,基于小波域HMT模型的图像复原算法较好地再现了各种边缘信息,复原出的图像在信噪比和视觉效果方面都有明显的提高。     

基于NSST 域隐马尔可夫树模型的SAR 和灰度可见光图像融合

针对合成孔径雷达(SAR) 图像和可见光图像融合问题, 提出一种基于非下采样剪切波变换域的隐马尔可夫树模型的图像融合方法(NHMM), 图像经过非下采样剪切波变换(NSST) 分解形成一个低频子带和多个高频子带.在NSST 域中, 对低频系数采用基于标准差的融合策略; 针对高频子带, 建立NSST 域隐马尔可夫树(HMT) 模型对高频系数进行训练, 并根据梯度能量对训练后的高频系数进行选择, 最后通过NSST 逆变换得到融合图像. 实验结果表明, 所提出的方法可提高图像的融合质量, 并能降低图像噪声, 具有一定的有效性和实用性.

     

A new image denoising scheme using support vector machine classification in shiftable complex directional pyramid domain

Edge-preserving image denoising has become a very intensive research topic. In this paper, we propose a new image denoising scheme using support vector machine (SVM) classification in shiftable complex directional pyramid (PDTDFB) domain. Firstly, the noisy image is decomposed into different subbands of frequency and orientation responses using a PDTDFB transform. Secondly, the feature vector for a pixel in a noisy image is formed by the spatial regularity in PDTDFB domain, and the least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model is obtained by training. Then the PDTDFB detail coefficients are divided into two classes (edge-related coefficients and noise-related ones) by LS-SVM training model. Finally, the detail subbands of PDTDFB coefficients are denoised by using the different parameters to control the multiscale and multidirectional anisotropic diffusion. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method can obtain better performances in terms of both subjective and objective evaluations than those state-of-the-art denoising techniques. Especially, the proposed method can preserve edges very well while removing noise.     

小波域隐Markov交叠树模型及块效应评价

本文针对小波域隐Markov树模型(hidden Markov tree model,HMT)的块效应问题,分析了块效应的产生机理,给出了以图像去噪为基础的块效应评价准则,并提出小波域隐Markov交叠树模型(hidden Markov overlappmg tree model,HMOLT)和基于该模型的图像去噪算法。该模型通过对每个节点的数据扩展,使每个节点包括相邻的3个(1维)或9个(2维)小波系数,实现同一尺度相邻节点数据的交叠,有效地减轻HMT因树状结构而产生的块效应。实验表明,本文给出的模型和去噪算法,无论是在均方误差(MSE)、块效应指标,还是在主观视觉方面,都优于HMT和基于HMT的去噪算法。     

基于复方向滤波器组和HMT的图像去噪

提出一种基于金字塔对偶树方向滤波器组(PDTDFB)分解系数模的HMT模型,该模型结合PDTDFB理论、复数的模和HMT的特点,利用PDTDFB对图像分解后复系数的模建立HMT模型,由EM算法训练模型获得去噪后的模,恢复复系数、重构图像。实验结果证实,与其他几种典型的去噪算法定性比较,该模型去噪效果有不同程度的提高,更好地保留了图像的边缘信息。     

邻域小波系数自适应的图像降噪

如何去除自然图像中的高斯白噪声是图像处理中的一个经典问题。基于小波收缩的NeighShrink降噪方法取得了很好的降噪效果,但是NeighShrink在所有小波子带上均使用了次优的universal阈值以及固定的邻域窗口尺寸,导致了较大的偏差,而且使得算法不健壮。为此,运用Stein的无偏风险估计改进了NeighShrink方法。该方法能够为每个小波子带确定最优的阈值和邻域窗口尺寸。实验结果显示,该方法取得了比NeighShrink更低的均方误差,也优于当前尖端的图像降噪算法—FeatShrink,其平均MSE大约低6%。     

改进阈值与尺度间相关的小波红外图像去噪

为了更有效地去除红外图像中的噪声, 提出一种基于改进阈值与尺度间相关的小波红外图像去噪方法. 一方面利用阈值修正方案和新阈值函数对通常的小波阈值去噪法进行改进; 另一方面通过对阈值邻近的小波系数进行小波变换尺度间相关性估计, 提高小波系数阈值判断的准确性.实验结果表明, 与通常的小波阈值去噪法相比,该算法能更有效地去除红外图像中的噪声, 获得更高的峰值信噪比(Peak signal-to-noise ratio, PSNR)、边缘保持指数(Edge preserved index, EPI)和更好的视觉效果,具有较好的实用性.     

基于Sobel算子的小波去噪算法

文章在分析Sobel算子边缘锐化与小波边缘检测的基础上,提出了一种能保持图像边缘的去噪方法。对加噪图像进行平稳小波变换以后,在各尺度下利用Sobel算子对小波高频系数进行边缘锐化,采用局部模极大值进行边缘检测,对于非边缘小波系数采用小波阈值滤除。实验结果表明,该方法不仅能够滤除图像的噪声,而且能够保持图像的边缘。