Classification of the entangled states 2 × M × N

We extend the matrix decomposition method (MDM) in classifying the 2 × N × N truly entangled states to 2 × M × N system under the condition of stochastic local operations and classical communication. It is found that the MDM is quite practical and convenient in operation for the asymmetrical tripartite states, and an explicit example of the classification of 2 × 6 × 7 quantum system is presented.     

BR_0代数中的次极大滤子

首先在BR0代数M中引入滤子,然后又给出了M中次极大滤子的概念,并讨论了它的性质,得到了BR0代数中的每个滤子都可表示为一些次极大滤子的交的结果。特别地,在满足滤子降链条件的BR0代数中,每个滤子都可表示为有限个次极大滤子的交。     

Fabrication of a stainless steel shadow mask using batch mode micro-EDM

A metal shadow mask for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) has been fabricated by batch mode electro-discharge machining (EDM). Batch mode micro-electro-discharge machining method was applied for productivity improvement. Negative electrode with multiple holes (3 × 3 or 4 × 4) was fabricated using a single tool electrode. With the negative electrode, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 tool electrode arrays are EDMed; 6 × 6 and 16 × 16 square hole array masks were batch mode EDMed with the fabricated multi-electrodes arrays. With 4 × 4 electrode array, the productivity is improved to five times of that in the case using a single electrode. Source and drain electrodes of OTFTs were successfully patterned on a pentacene active layer through the mask, and the fabricated pentacene TFTs had good output characteristics.     

L3: An FPGA-based multilayer maze routing accelerator

This paper describes a multi-layer maze routing accelerator which uses a two-dimensional array of processing elements (PEs) implemented in an FPGA. Routing for an L-layer N×N grid is performed by an array of N×N PEs that time-multiplex each layer over the array. This accelerates the classic Lee Algorithm from O(L×d²) in software to O(L×d). Each PE can be implemented in 32 look up tables in a Xilinx Virtex-II FPGA, which makes possible routing arrays that are large enough to support detailed routing for VLSI. Cycle measurements show a speedup of 50–75× over a 2.54 GHz Pentium 4 for a 4-layer 8×8 array and 93× for a 4-layer 16×16 array.     

A directional and scalable streaming deblocking filter hardware architecture for HEVC decoder

In this work, a directional streaming hardware architecture for Deblocking Filter (DBF) of High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) decoder is presented. The architecture uses adaptive parallel and pipeline processing strategies for low power and high-performance applications including broadcasting and Virtual reality etc. In order to remove the dependency from neighboring blocks, a restructured block size have been used. Since, the developed architecture is scalable, 68 × 68 Coding Unit (CU) block processing supports splitting into 36 × 36, 20 × 20 and 12 × 12. The proposed architecture uses 3-stage pipeline to complete the 68 × 68 CU block processing of DBF. The stage-1 micro-pipeline stages of 8, 4, 2 and 1 varied in accordance with CU sizes 68 × 68, 36 × 36, 20 × 20 and 12 × 12 respectively. In stage-2 of main pipeline, the blocks are further processed into single cycle parallel edge-filter. Each 8 × 8 block is processed for DBF Horizontal Filtering (HF) and Vertical Filtering (VF) simultaneously. During the stage-3 process of write-back operations, 4 × 8 blocks are stored into the memory to reconstruct the frame. The design has been implemented in both Field Programmable Gate array (FPGA) Virtex-6 and Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) using 180 nm technology. The results show that 68 × 68, 36 × 36 and 20 × 20 CU blocks have higher processing speed with reduced resources of 254K, 31K and 14.7K as compared with the previous works. The proposed architecture supports low power and high processing speed applications because of variable throughput.     

Design of differential TG based 8T SRAM cell for ultralow-power applications

Low power cache memory in a system on chip is in high demand today. With the lowering of MOSFET’s channel length, low-power SRAM design has become a more challenging task. This paper presents differential 8T SRAM cell with minimum power utilization. The proposed cell has one pair of transmission gate as access switches. Due to use of TG instead of pass gate access transistor its write access time (T_WA) is short. The low power consumption of the cell is due to stacking effect. This paper compares design metrics of the proposed cell with conventional 6T (CON6T) and ZIGZAG 8T (ZG8T) SRAM cells. The proposed 8T SRAM cell shows 1.15×/1.17× improvement in T_WA as compared to CON6T/ZG8T at a penalty of 2.65×/2× in read access time (T_RA). The proposed cell consumes 3.22× less hold power compared to both CON6T and ZG8T SRAM cells. And the proposed cell consumes 4.41× (4.44×) less write power as compared to CON6T (ZG8T) SRAM cell. Our proposed cell takes 1.37× lower chip area as compared to ZG8T cell at the expense of 1.49× higher area as compared to CON6T SRAM cell. The proposed cell also achieves 1.5×/3× higher stability during write operation as compared to CON6T/ZG8T SRAM cell, respectively. Read static margin of the proposed cell is same as CON6T but 3.2× lower than ZG8T SRAM cell.

     

Chemiluminescence detection for Cu (II) based on 1,10-Phenanthroline-hydrogen peroxide reaction on a PDMS microfluidic chip

A simple, rapid and effective method for the determination of copper (II) in water on a PDMS microfluidic chip with chemiluminescence (CL) detection is presented. The CL reaction was based on oxidation of 1,10-phenanthroline by hydrogen peroxide in basic aqueous solution. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was chosen as material for fabricating the microfluidic chip with two steps lithography method. Optimized reagents conditions were found to be 6.0 × 10^?5 mol/L 1,10-phenanthroline, 1.2 × 10^?3 mol/L hydrogen peroxide, 6.5 × 10^?2 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 2.0 × 10^?3 mol/L Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide (CTMAB). In the continuous flow injection mode the system can perform fully automated detection with a reagent consumption of only 3.4 μL each time. The linear range of the Cu (II) ions concentration was 1.0 × 10^?8 mol/L to 1.0 × 10^?4 mol/L, and the detection limit was 9.2 × 10^?9 mol/L with the S/N ratio of 3. The relative standard deviation was 2.8 % for 1.0 × 10^?6 mol/L Cu (II) ions (n = 8). The most notable features of the detection method are simple operation, rapid detection and easy fabrication of the microfluidic chip.     

Selective and in-situ determination of carbonate and oxide particles in aqueous solution using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for wearable information equipment

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has been applied for quantitative analysis of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgO particles suspended in water. In the single elemental system, the plasma emission intensities of Al, Ca and Mg were linearly increased with concentration of elements in the range of 1.0×10^?5–1.0×10^?3  M, 1.0×10^?4–2.0×10^?3 M and 8.0×10^?5 –4.0×10^?3 M, respectively. We also investigated the concentration dependence of breakdown spectra for suspended mixtures of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgO particles. The emission lines, such as Al I, Ca I, Ca II and Mg I, were appeared in the LIBS spectrum simultaneously, and each emission peak could be deconvoluted. The plasma emission intensities of Al, Ca and Mg in the multielemental system were also linearly increased with their concentrations in the range of 1.0×10^?5–1.0×10^?3 M, 1.0×10^?4–2.0×10^?3 M and 4.0×10^?4–2.0×10^?3 M, respectively. LIBS was found to be available for quantitative and qualitative measurement of the concentrations of Al₂O₃, CaCO₃ and MgO particles suspended in water. The present results suggest that LIBS is a potentially useful tool for in-situ analysis on particles composition and concentrations for environmental monitoring by the wearable information equipments.     

An effective PDMS microfluidic chip for chemiluminescence detection of cobalt (II) in water

A microfluidic chip for the chemiluminescence detection of cobalt (II) in water samples, based on the measurement of light emitted from the cobalt (II) catalysed oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide in basic aqueous solution, is presented. The microfluidic chip was designed and fabricated from polydimethylsiloxane using micro-molding method. Optimized reagents conditions were found to be 5.0 × 10^?4 mol/L luminol, 1.0 × 10^?2 mol/L hydrogen peroxide, and 8.0 × 10^?2 mol/L sodium hydroxide. The system can perform fully automated detection with a reagent consumption of only 2.4 μL each time. The linear range of the cobalt (II) ions concentration was 1.0 × 10^?10–1.0 × 10^?3 mol/L and the detection limit was 5.6 × 10^?11 mol/L with the S/N ratio of 3. The relative standard deviation was 4.6 % for 1.0 × 10^?5 mol/L cobalt (II) ions (n = 10).     

Power-aware sourse feedback single-ended 7T SRAM cell at nanoscale regime

This article presents a low power and highly stable source feedback SE7T (single-ended 7T) SRAM cell. Using Monte-Carlo simulations critical design metrics of proposed SE7T SRAM cell are estimated and the estimated results are compared with that of conventional 6T SRAM cell and conventional 7T SRAM cell (CONV7T). The proposed source feedback single Ended (SE7T) SRAM cell achieves 8.6 ×/12.5 × and 1.2 ×/5.3 × lower write power and hold power as compared to CONV6T/CONV7T respectively. The proposed bitcell takes 1.3 × longer but 1.3 × less Read Access Time (T_RA) as compared to CONV6T and CONV7T at 200 mV respectively. The proposed bitcell also provides 1.67 × and 1.07 × higher read stability and write ability as compared to 6T SRAM Cell.

     

The Bottom-Up Implementation of One MILC Lattice QCD Application on the Cell Blade

We report the results of the bottom-up implementation of one MILC lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) application on the Cell Broadband Engine™ processor. In our implementation, we preserve MILC’s framework for scaling the application to run on a large number of compute nodes and accelerate computationally intensive kernels on the Cell’s synergistic processor elements. Speedups of 3.4 × for the 8 × 8 × 16 × 16 lattice and 5.7 × for the 16 × 16 × 16 × 16 lattice are obtained when comparing our implementation of the MILC application executed on a 3.2 GHz Cell processor to the standard MILC code executed on a quad-core 2.33 GHz Intel Xeon processor. We provide an empirical model to predict application performance for a given lattice size. We also show that performance of the compute-intensive part of the application on the Cell processor is limited by the bandwidth between main memory and the Cell’s synergistic processor elements, whereas performance of the application’s parallel execution framework is limited by the bandwidth between main memory and the Cell’s power processor element.     

基于13X型沸石分子筛的类神经毒气传感器

研制了基于13X型分子筛阻抗型气体传感器,探测了神经类毒气沙林的相似物甲基磷酸二甲脂(DMMP)。通过交流电压对传感器进行激励,得到其交流阻抗谱的变化,从而实现对不同体积分数DMMP的检测。对0.2×10-6,0.4×10-6和1×10-6DMMP气体分别进行了检测,在1×10-6时(频率为0.01 Hz)电阻的相对变化可达13.2%;同时,分别采用13X型和Cu-β型分子筛作为敏感膜对1×10-6DMMP,100×10-6CO2和饱和蒸汽压下的乙醇气体进行了选择性比较实验。实验表明:基于13X型分子筛膜传感器对DMMP的探测有较好的灵敏度和选择性。     

基于变换系数重用的 H.264 /AVC自适应块变换模式 *

提出了基于单指令多数据 ( single instruction multiple data, SIMD)指令集架构的 4 ×4变换系数重用算法,用于简化 H. 264/AVC自适应块变换 ( adaptive block-size transforms, ABT)模式的计算复杂度。在 ABT编码模式下 ,该算法通过重用 4 ×4变换系数 ,用 8 ×8导出变换量化计算得到 8 ×8变换量化系数。提出的算法可在 PC和 DSP等 SIMD指令集架构中简单实现 ,显著减少 H. 264 / AVC ABT模式中 8 ×8变换的计算时间和资源开销。仿真结果显示 ,变换系数重用算法能节省 8 ×8变换的计算时间约达 50%。     

GLSC: LSC superpixels at over 130 FPS

Superpixel has been successfully applied in various computer vision tasks, and many algorithms have been proposed to generate superpixel map. Recently, a superpixel algorithm called “superpixel segmentation using linear spectral clustering” (LSC) has been proposed, and it performs equally well or better than state-of-the art superpixel segmentation algorithms in terms of several commonly used evaluation metrics in superpixel segmentation. Although LSC is of linear complexity, its original implementation runs in few hundreds of milliseconds for images with resolution of 481 × 321 stated by the authors, which is a limitation for some real-time applications such as visual tracking which may needs, for instance, 30 FPS for standard image resolution (e.g., 480 × 320, 640 × 480, 1280 × 720 and 1920 × 1080). Instead of inventing new algorithms with lower complexity than LSC, we will explore LSC to modify its structure and make it suitable to be implemented by parallel technique. The modified LSC algorithm is implemented in CUDA and tested on several NVIDIA graphics processing unit. Our implementation of the proposed modified LSC algorithm achieves speedups of up to 80× from the original sequential implementation, and the quality, measured by two commonly used evaluation metrics, of our implementation keeps being similar to the original one. The source code will be made publicly available.     

基于视觉特性的图象分割编码算法

提出了一种考虑人眼视觉系统特点的不树分割编码算法,在分析视觉系统对比度特性的基础上,首先提出了一个基于视觉敏感的四叉树分割标准。     

Changing the shift system in a mining company: An intervention study

The aim of this study is to determine the shift system that allows for sustainable time management, considering the characteristics of the mining company analyzed. Regarding the methodology, the Standard Shiftwork Index was used to characterize the workers perceptions of the shift system. In order to increase the chances of changing the shift system, the Besiak method of shifts was applied to the following: modified 4 × 4 (current shift); 6 × 6 modified and 7 × 7. Furthermore, with input from company representatives, the method seeks to jointly identify the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the different shift systems. The main results show that the level in which the shift system (modified 4 × 4) interferes with leisure, social, and domestic life is associated with the city of residence. The application of Besiak concluded that the order of the highest risk to the lowest risk is as follows: 7 × 7, modified 6 × 6, and modified 4 × 4. Once the 7 × 7 shift work was discarded, a second level of analysis was performed between the two remaining shift work systems. Both have strengths, but the worker's place of residence on the days off became the determining factor. Hence, the 6 × 6 modified model met the biopsychosocial factors and favored residence in other cities during the days off. Finally, it was clear that during the shift system change, it is very important to involve workers, labor unions, and managers in the process of designing and introducing a new shift system.     

Impact of thermal contact resistances on micro-gap heat losses for microthermionic power generators

Thermionic power generation is a safe and clean energy source that allows for converting heat into electrical energy using thermionic electrons. The miniaturization is an advantage of this technology that led to the recent development of micro-gap thermionic power generators. In this work, thermal contact resistances between the micro-gap insulators and the emitter as well as between the micro-gap insulators and the collector are measured. A thermal resistance of 48.6 K/W is obtained by downsizing the insulators until 60 × 45 μm² of contact area with the emitter, demonstrating a high impact for decreasing the micro-gap conduction heat loss density from the emitter to the collector from 28 W/cm² (theoretical value obtained without considering contact resistances) to 5.6 W/cm². Downsizing the contact area between the insulators and the emitter from 320 × 300 to 60 × 45 μm² leads to an increase of the power conversion efficiency from 9.1 × 10^?5 until 1.5 × 10^?3.     

Multi-gate device and summing-circuit co-design robustness studies @ 32-nm technology node

This paper presents a FinFET-based static 1-bit full adder cell that helps to recover the huge penalty in performance, while staying quite close to the minimum energy point. The proposed design offers higher computing speed (by 7.96×) and lower energy (by 5.86×), lower energy-delay product (EDP) (by 21.08×) at the expense of higher power dissipation (by 1.36×) compared to its MOSFET counterpart. It proves its robustness against process variations by featuring tighter spread in power distribution (by 3.20×), in delay distribution (by 4.70×), in PDP (power-delay product) distribution (by 3.35×) and in EDP distribution (by 3.14×) compared to its MOSFET counterpart. The proposed design achieves these improvements due to employment of new FinFET technology in the full adder design. Multi-gate devices in this technology are less affected by random dopant fluctuation (RDF) and short-channel effects such as threshold voltage rolloff, drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), etc. To establish that our design is better this paper analyzes five more 1-bit full adder cells and compares them with the proposed design in terms of power, delay and PDP. We perform simulation using 32-nm Predictive Technology Model (PTM) parameters on SPICE.

     

一种基于H.264/AVC的帧内预测模式快速选择算法

在H.264/AVC中,帧内编码是采用帧内预测来提高编码效率,其色度块尺寸为8×8,亮度块包括4×4和16×16两种尺寸。由于每种块可提供多种预测模式,因此这种多模式选择大大增加了编码的复杂性。针对这种多模式选择,为了加快编码速度,利用色度块和亮度块以及亮度4×4和16×16块模式选择之间的关系,提出一种基于RDO(rate d istortion optim ization)的不同判决依据的快速帧内预测模式选择算法。实验证明,在信噪比和码率变化不大的同时,该算法可使编码速度平均提高6倍。     

Numerical simulation of the capillary flow in the meander microchannel

Pumping in microfluidic devices is an important issue in actuating fluid flow in microchannel, especially that capillary force has received more and more attractions due to the self-driven motion without external power input. However, less 2D simulation was done on the capillary flow in microchannel especially the meander microchannel which can be used for mixing and lab-on-a-chip (LOC) application. In this paper, the numerical simulation of the capillary flow in the meander microchannel has been studied using computer fluid dynamic simulation software CFD-ACE⁺. Different combinations of channel width in the X-direction denoted as W_x and Y-direction denoted as W_y were designed for simulating capillary flow behavior and pressure drop. The designed four types of meander microchannels (W_x × W_y) were 100 × 100 μm, 100 × 200 μm, 50 × 200 μm, and 50 × 400 μm. In this simulation results, it is found that the capillary pumping speed is highly depending on the channel width. The large speed change occurs at the turning angle of channel width change from W_x to W_y. The fastest pumping effect is found in the meander channel of 100 × 100 μm, which has an average pumping speed of 0.439 mm/s. The slowest average flow speed of 0.205 mm/s occurs in the meander channel of 50 × 400 μm. Changing the meander channel width may vary the capillary flow behavior including the pumping speed and the flow resistance as well as pressure drop which will be a good reference in designing the meander microchannels for microfluidic and LOC application.