An Extended Relational Data Model for Multimedia DBMSs

We have extended the canonical relational data model to enable the management of multimedia objects. In an attempt to provide a smooth paradigm shift to multimedia information system development, we have enhanced the relational data model framework with techniques for modeling, storing and manipulating multimedia data. In particular, we have provided a graphical conceptual model for structuring a multimedia document and mapping rules for translating it into an extended relational data schema. Extensions have regarded the management of foreign keys, active components, mechanisms for the management of spatial and temporal relations, and finally functions for handling multimedia presentations. As a consequence, we have also provided extensions to the SQL language to handle these new mechanisms.     

Rewriting rules to permeate complex similarity and fuzzy queries within a relational database system

In recent years, the availability of complex data repositories (e.g., multimedia, genomic, semistructured databases) has paved the way to new potentials as to data querying. In this scenario, similarity and fuzzy techniques have proven to be successful principles for effective data retrieval. However, most proposals are domain specific and lack of a general and integrated approach to deal with generalized complex queries, i.e., queries where multiple conditions are expressed, possibly on complex as well as on traditional data. To overcome such limitations, much work has been devoted to the development of middleware systems to support query processing on multiple repositories. On a similar line, We present a formal framework to permeate complex similarity and fuzzy queries within a relational database system. As an example, we focus on multimedia data, which is represented in an integrated view with common database data. We have designed an application layer that relies on an algebraic query language, extended with MM-tailored operators, and that maps complex similarity and fuzzy queries to standard SQL statements that can be processed by a relational database system, exploiting standard facilities of modern extensible RDBMS. To show the applicability of our proposal, we implemented a prototype that provides the user with rich query capabilities, ranging from traditional database queries to complex queries gathering a mixture of Boolean, similarity, and fuzzy predicates on the data.     

基于内容的多媒体数据库系统引擎CDB

CDB(Content-based DataBase)是一种基于内容的多媒体数据库引擎，可以嵌入到通用的对象一关系数据库中，使数据库系统综合支持对多媒体数据的常规和基于内容的壹询．本文首先阐述CDB的体系结构，它把信息检索和数据检索结合到数据库中，支持多媒体数据库的基于内容的建立、操纵和维护；然后给出其层次型内容模型，描述多媒体内容的时空结构特征以及信息线索；最后描述用于CDB的基于内容信息检索技术及其设计和实现的用户壹询和操纵接口，包括示例壹询、主观颜色壹询、视频概要和浏览、扩展SQL内容壹询等．     

A relational approach to querying data streams

Data streams are long, relatively unstructured sequences of characters that contain information such as electronic mail or a tape backup of various documents and reports created in an office. A conceptual framework is presented, using relational algebra and relational databases, within which data streams may be queried. As information is extracted from the data streams, it is put into a relational database that may be queried in the usual manner. The database schema evolves as the user's knowledge of the content of the data stream changes. Operators are defined in terms of relational algebra that can be used to extract data from a specially defined relation that contains all or part of the data stream. This approach to querying data streams permits the integration of unstructured data with structured data. The operators defined extend the functionality of relational algebra in much the same way that the join does relative to the basic operators select, project, union, difference, and Cartesian product     

多媒体数据库系统中的同步表示管理

支持多媒体应用的扩展数据库系统必须具有新的机制以确保多种媒体数据流的同步表示。为了使用户同时具有多媒体数据流表示的灵活性和高效率,必须将媒体数据流分割成媒体对象,并且定义和保持其间的时间限制。为此要在现有数据库系统上采用能高效管理多媒体数据时间传性的新管理工具。文中讨论了多媒体数据库系统中同步表示管理。当考虑延迟的影响时,提出了多种媒体数据流同步表示的原则。基于这些原则,可以设计出各种同步机制。     

Classifying schematic and data heterogeneity in multidatabasesystems

A complete framework for enumerating and classifying the types of multidatabase system (MDBS) structural and representational discrepancies is developed. The framework is structured according to a relational database schema and is both practical and complete. It was used to build the UniSQL/M commercial multidatabase system. This MDBS was built over Structured-Query-Language-based relational database systems and a unified relational and object-oriented database system named UniSQL/X. However, the results are substantially applicable to heterogeneous database systems that use a nonrelational data model (for example, an object-oriented data model) as the common data model and allow the formulation of queries directly against the component database schemas     

A spatio-temporal semantic model for multimedia database systemsand multimedia information systems

As more information sources become available in multimedia systems, the development of abstract semantic models for video, audio, text, and image data is becoming very important. An abstract semantic model has two requirements: it should be rich enough to provide a friendly interface of multimedia presentation synchronization schedules to the users and it should be a good programming data structure for implementation in order to control multimedia playback. An abstract semantic model based on an augmented transition network (ATN) is presented. The inputs for ATNs are modeled by multimedia input strings. Multimedia input strings provide an efficient means for iconic indexing of the temporal/spatial relations of media streams and semantic objects. An ATN and its subnetworks are used to represent the appearing sequence of media streams and semantic objects. The arc label is a substring of a multimedia input string. In this design, a presentation is driven by a multimedia input string. Each subnetwork has its own multimedia input string. Database queries relative to text, image, and video can be answered via substring matching at subnetworks. Multimedia browsing allows users the flexibility to select any part of the presentation they prefer to see. This means that the ATN and its subnetworks can be included in multimedia database systems which are controlled by a database management system (DBMS). User interactions and loops are also provided in an ATN. Therefore, ATNs provide three major capabilities: multimedia presentations, temporal/spatial multimedia database searching, and multimedia browsing     

Uncertainty in a nested relational database model

Some database models have already been developed to deal with complex values but they have constrains that data stored is precise and queries are crisp. However, as many researchers have pointed out, there is a need to present, manipulate, and query complex and uncertain data of various non-traditional database applications such as oceanography, multimedia, meteorology, office automation systems, engineering designs, expert database systems and geographic information systems. In this paper, we present a logical database model, which is an extension of a nested relational data model (also known as an NF² data model), for representing and manipulating complex and uncertain data in databases. We also introduce a possible physical representation of such complex and uncertain values in databases and describe the query processing of the model that we discuss here.     

对象-关系数据库对多媒体的支持技术

对象－关系型数据库已成为当今数据库领域研究和发展的热点。文章以多媒体数据管理和应用的需求为出发点,讨论了对象－关系型数据库对多媒体数据的管理方法,即通过对关系数据库管理系统（ＲＤＢＭＳ）进行扩展,使之能支持新引入的用户定义类型（ＵＤＴ）、用户定义函数（ＵＤＦ）、大对象（ＬＯＢ）、关系扩展器（ＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ ＥＸＴＥＮ－ＤＥＲ）等对象－关系模型特色,并通过数据链技术控制机制来实现对数据库及外部文件系统中大量的复杂多媒体数据的管理。这些多媒体扩展机制保留了所有的ＲＤＢＭＳ的长处和优点,增加了对复杂的多媒体应用的支持。     

对象-关系数据库对多媒体的支持技术

对象－关系型数据库已成为当今数据库领域研究和发展的热点。文章以多媒体数据管理和应用的需求为出发点,讨论了对象－关系型数据库对多媒体数据的管理方法,即通过对关系数据库管理系统（ＲＤＢＭＳ）进行扩展,使之能支持新引入的用户定义类型（ＵＤＴ）、用户定义函数（ＵＤＦ）、大对象（ＬＯＢ）、关系扩展器（ＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ ＥＸＴＥＮ－ＤＥＲ）等对象－关系模型特色,并通过数据链技术控制机制来实现对数据库及外部文件系统中大量的复杂多媒体数据的管理。这些多媒体扩展机制保留了所有的ＲＤＢＭＳ的长处和优点,增加了对复杂的多媒体应用的支持。     

Storage Support for Multidimensional Discrete Data in Multimedia Databases

Multidimensional discrete data (MDD) is enormously important for multimedia applications since diverse types of such data are used simultaneously by any multimedia application. However, multidimensional discrete data is not adequately supported by most existing database systems. In this paper we discuss the major management requirements imposed by such data on multimedia database management systems both at the conceptual level and at the internal level. At the internal level, the spatial structure of the data must also be preserved and special emphasis must be given to the efficient spatial access to subrectangles of very large data of arbitrary dimensionality. Our major contribution is the presentation of a Storage Manager for this kind of data which preserves the spatial nature of the data at the internal level of the database management system and provides efficient spatial access. This Storage Manager is based on an innovative combination of the subdivision of data in multidimensional tiles and of a spatial index to access those tiles. Furthermore, it supports advanced registration data. The lower level modules of the Storage Manager are responsible for the access to the data stored in secondary storage. The implementation of these modules can rely on any secondary storage access system to access data on disk. The Storage Manager was implemented using the functionality of a relational database system. The implementation of this relational Storage Manager is presented.     

分布式多媒体DBMS的研究与开发

本文介绍分布式多式 媒体数据库管理系统－ＤＭ２。它基于作者提出的层次－关系数据模型，采用客户－服务器体系结构、多线索调度等一系列当代先进的软件技术，从而为用户建立多媒体ＭＩＳ提供了一个良好的开发环境。     

QoS Management in Educational Digital Library Environments

Advances in multimedia computing technologies offer new approaches to the support of computer-assisted education and training within many application domains. Novel interactive presentation tools can be built to enhance traditional teaching methods with more active learning. Since a variety of user expectations are possible in such an environment, research must address the incorporation of these factors into presentation tools. During an interactive learning/training process, presentation tools must be able to handle various types of delays. A flexibly adjustable quality of service (QoS) should thus be supported. In this paper, we investigate a framework and systematic strategies for supporting the continuous and synchronized retrieval and presentation of multimedia data streams in a client/server distributed multimedia environment for educational digital libraries. Specifically, we establish a practical framework for specifying multimedia objects, tasks, schedules, and synchronization constraints between media streams. We identify the QoS parameters critical to the support of multimedia presentations for learning and training activities. Based on the proposed framework and QoS specifications, we develop presentation scheduling and buffer management strategies which can enforce the specified QoS requirements in an educational digital library environment.     

一种多媒体数据库管理系统的体系结构

文中简要介绍了一种基于层次－关系模式的多用户媒体数据库管理系统的客户／服务器体系结构以及多媒体声音图象的存储方式。对用于描述多媒体图象，声音及ＭＩＤＩ音乐的数据类型－Ｍ类型进行了扩充。     

分布式面向对象数据库语言OSQL的设计

本文以面向对象的数据模型为理论依据，介绍了数据库语言ＯＳＱＬ的设计思想，该语言既保留了ＳＱＬ原有的特性，又能支持面向对象，对象分布、对象主动行为及多媒体复杂信息的管理，是一个成功的分布式面向对象数据库语言。     

An integrated temporal data model incorporating time series concept

Most temporal data models have concentrated on describing temporal data based on versioning of objects, tuples or attributes. The concept of time series, which is often needed in temporal applications, does not fit well within these models. The goal of this paper is to propose a generalized temporal database model that integrates the modeling of both version-based and time-series based temporal data into a single conceptual framework. The concept of calendar is also integrated into our proposed model. We also discuss how a conceptual Extended-ER design in our model can be mapped to an object-oriented or relational database implementation.     

电子图书馆多媒体信息传输服务质量管理的研究

该文在浏览器/服务器环境下建立了一个数字化图书馆多媒体数据流同步传输的管理方案。定义了多媒体对象、任务、同步化传输约束条件以及相应的QOS评价指标,基于上述方案及评价指标,给出了数字化图书馆多媒体流同步传输的控制算法以及相应的实验结果。     

Management of complex immunogenetics information using an enhanced relational model.

Flow cytometry has become a technique of paramount importance in the armamentarium of the scientist in such domains as immunogenetics. In the PENGUIN project, we are currently developing the architecture for an expert database system to facilitate the design of flow-cytometry experiments. This paper describes the core of this architecture--a methodology for managing complex biomedical information in an extended relational framework. More specifically, we exploit a semantic data model to enhance relational databases with structuring and manipulation tools that take more domain information into account and provide the user with an appropriate level of abstraction. We present specific applications of the structural model to database schema management, data retrieval and browsing, and integrity maintenance.     

互动式游戏数据库的数据存储与管理

互动游戏的实时与动态交互性要求游戏能够快速调用存储介质中的图像、语音、动作等多媒体数据,作为游戏角色参与游戏。针对该特性,设计适合于互动游戏的专用数据库管理软件,构建能够存储和管理多媒体数据的基于关系的数据库模型,从物理存储和逻辑语义2个方面探讨基于Hash的多媒体数据的存储与管理方法。