一种多媒体数据库管理系统的体系结构

文中简要介绍了一种基于层次－关系模式的多用户媒体数据库管理系统的客户／服务器体系结构以及多媒体声音图象的存储方式。对用于描述多媒体图象，声音及ＭＩＤＩ音乐的数据类型－Ｍ类型进行了扩充。     

基于内容的多媒体数据库系统引擎CDB

CDB(Content-based DataBase)是一种基于内容的多媒体数据库引擎，可以嵌入到通用的对象一关系数据库中，使数据库系统综合支持对多媒体数据的常规和基于内容的壹询．本文首先阐述CDB的体系结构，它把信息检索和数据检索结合到数据库中，支持多媒体数据库的基于内容的建立、操纵和维护；然后给出其层次型内容模型，描述多媒体内容的时空结构特征以及信息线索；最后描述用于CDB的基于内容信息检索技术及其设计和实现的用户壹询和操纵接口，包括示例壹询、主观颜色壹询、视频概要和浏览、扩展SQL内容壹询等．     

对象-关系数据库对多媒体的支持技术

对象－关系型数据库已成为当今数据库领域研究和发展的热点。文章以多媒体数据管理和应用的需求为出发点,讨论了对象－关系型数据库对多媒体数据的管理方法,即通过对关系数据库管理系统（ＲＤＢＭＳ）进行扩展,使之能支持新引入的用户定义类型（ＵＤＴ）、用户定义函数（ＵＤＦ）、大对象（ＬＯＢ）、关系扩展器（ＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ ＥＸＴＥＮ－ＤＥＲ）等对象－关系模型特色,并通过数据链技术控制机制来实现对数据库及外部文件系统中大量的复杂多媒体数据的管理。这些多媒体扩展机制保留了所有的ＲＤＢＭＳ的长处和优点,增加了对复杂的多媒体应用的支持。     

对象-关系数据库对多媒体的支持技术

对象－关系型数据库已成为当今数据库领域研究和发展的热点。文章以多媒体数据管理和应用的需求为出发点,讨论了对象－关系型数据库对多媒体数据的管理方法,即通过对关系数据库管理系统（ＲＤＢＭＳ）进行扩展,使之能支持新引入的用户定义类型（ＵＤＴ）、用户定义函数（ＵＤＦ）、大对象（ＬＯＢ）、关系扩展器（ＲＥＬＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ ＥＸＴＥＮ－ＤＥＲ）等对象－关系模型特色,并通过数据链技术控制机制来实现对数据库及外部文件系统中大量的复杂多媒体数据的管理。这些多媒体扩展机制保留了所有的ＲＤＢＭＳ的长处和优点,增加了对复杂的多媒体应用的支持。     

分布式多媒体DBMS的研究与开发

本文介绍分布式多式 媒体数据库管理系统－ＤＭ２。它基于作者提出的层次－关系数据模型，采用客户－服务器体系结构、多线索调度等一系列当代先进的软件技术，从而为用户建立多媒体ＭＩＳ提供了一个良好的开发环境。     

网络化自动测试系统的数据模型研究

依据网络化自动测试系统(NATS)存储和查询功能对数据模型的要求,比较扩展关系数据模型、语义数据模型和面向对象数据模型等多媒体数据模型实现方式的优缺点,提出数据库设计的基本框架为静态数据信息采用关系型数据模型,非结构化的多媒体数据信息采用对象-关系模型与文件系统结合的方式,并完成NATS的总体设计。实验结果证明了该框架的有效性。     

基于扩展关系模式的分布式多媒体数据库管理系统

介绍了一种基于扩展关系模式的分布式多媒体数据库管理系统,给出了系统结构,实现了一种新的用户接口的可视语言.     

分布式多媒体系统中的一种QoS管理模型

分布式多媒体系统需要强有力的服务质量ＱｏＳ管理机制。本文从分析现有网络系统在ＱｏＳ管理方面的不足出发，结合分布式多媒体系统的特点，归纳出有关分布式多媒体系统ＱｏＳ管理的基本观点及应该具备的基本功能；然后，提出一种ＱｏＳ管理模型，给出该模型的逻辑结构和工作过程。     

Storage Support for Multidimensional Discrete Data in Multimedia Databases

Multidimensional discrete data (MDD) is enormously important for multimedia applications since diverse types of such data are used simultaneously by any multimedia application. However, multidimensional discrete data is not adequately supported by most existing database systems. In this paper we discuss the major management requirements imposed by such data on multimedia database management systems both at the conceptual level and at the internal level. At the internal level, the spatial structure of the data must also be preserved and special emphasis must be given to the efficient spatial access to subrectangles of very large data of arbitrary dimensionality. Our major contribution is the presentation of a Storage Manager for this kind of data which preserves the spatial nature of the data at the internal level of the database management system and provides efficient spatial access. This Storage Manager is based on an innovative combination of the subdivision of data in multidimensional tiles and of a spatial index to access those tiles. Furthermore, it supports advanced registration data. The lower level modules of the Storage Manager are responsible for the access to the data stored in secondary storage. The implementation of these modules can rely on any secondary storage access system to access data on disk. The Storage Manager was implemented using the functionality of a relational database system. The implementation of this relational Storage Manager is presented.     

建立分布式多媒体系统的体系结构参考模型

分布式多媒体系统具有广阔的应用前景。但由于缺乏一致的体系结构，其研究和开发均受到了很大的限制。本文首先给出分布式多媒体系统的资源配置模型和一般功能需求，引入虚拟设备、虚拟连接、ＱｏＳ等概念，最后描述了我们所使用的分布式多媒体系统体系结构参考模型。该模型对理解分布式多媒体系统的特点和工作原理亦有相当帮助。     

Extended relational operators for statistical data manipulations in medical databases

Conventional relational database management systems fail to address three features of statistical data management in a biomedical/clinical database, namely, that (1) statistical and medical data (SMD) require a great deal of space and need to be stored in a reduced form with minimal duplication; indeed, SMD have many derived/calculated and summary statistics that make the number of attributes in a relation (i.e., a set of records) grow rapidly and dynamically; (2) most SMD have hierarchical structures that are difficult to manage using the relational data model since SMD are stored in separate relations for duplication and space considerations; and (3) the management of SMD is made easier if it is possible to reorganize relations or group data, a capability lacking in conventional relational database management systems. In this paper, we (1) introduce five extended relational operators, (lattice) NEST, (lattice) UNNEST, MERGE, SPREAD, and GEN, to reorganize relations; (2) integrate the extended operators with conventional relational algebra and introduce the concept of the lattice relational model; and (3) give applications of the extended relational operators and the lattice relational model in solving the problems of statistical data manipulation in medical databases.     

Management of Multi-structured Hypermedia Documents: A Data Model,Query Language,and Indexing Scheme

Structured documents have gained popularity with the advent of documentstructure markupstandards such as SGML, ODA, HyTime, and HTML.Document management systems can provide powerful facilities by maintaining thestructure information of documents.Since the hypermediadocument is also a kind of structured document, wecan apply the results of many studies, whichhave been performed in storing, retrieving, and managing structured documents,to the hypermedia document management.However, more factors should be considered in handling hypermedia documentsbecause they contain multimedia data and also have multiple complex structuressuch as hyperlink networks and spatial/temporal layout structures as well aslogical structures.In this paper, we propose an object-oriented model for multi-structuredhypermediadocuments and multimedia data, and a query language for retrievinghypermedia document elements based on the content and multiple complexstructures.By using unique element identifiers and an indexing scheme whichexploits multiple structures,we can process queries efficiently with minimal storage overheadfor maintaining structure information.     

多媒体节目时序描述的组合技术

组合性是形式描述研究的基本问题,便于大型程序的设计、分析、测试和复用.为了方便用户编制大型多媒体系统的时序描述,组合模型是必须的.目前,这样的模型有基于语言的、基于图形的、基于时间区间的和面向对象的等等.但是,这些模型描述层次过低,很难支持两个多媒体节目之间的时序描述.通过引入单位流的概念和扩展两种时序关系,研究一种多媒体节目时序描述的结构化技术,使复杂的多媒体节目易于理解,以方便用户运用组合方法把一些可以复用于不同多媒体节目的节目模块进行组合设计.     

A model for specification and synchronization of data for distributed multimedia applications

As network technology provides the capability to handle multimedia traffic and the demand of multimedia services increases, protocols are required for effective communication of multimedia data in a distributed environment. Synchronization is one of the key issues in a multimedia system. Most of the current approaches do not support an integrated solution to the problem of synchronization. In this paper we propose a mechanism for synchronization of multimedia data in distributed environment where the accuracy of the protocol can be tailored to the application. The system model supports live and video-on-demand service. We present a scheme where the specification of the temporal requirements provided by the application can be directly mapped to obtain the information necessary to enforce the synchronization required. We present two examples of specifying the temporal requirements and process of obtaining the information and present performance results of our simulation studies.     

A computation-oriented multimedia data streams model for content-based information retrieval

Multimedia applications nowadays are becoming prevalent. In the past the relational database model was generalized to the multimedia database model. More recently the relational database model was generalized to the data streams model, as the technology advanced and data became bulky and unbounded in size due to the utilization of sensor networks. In this paper we take one more step of generalization by providing a multimedia data streams model. The objective is to furnish a formal framework to design multimedia data streams (MMDS) schema for efficient content based information retrieval. We also extend the functional dependency theory and the normalization framework to handle multimedia data streams. Finally we present algorithmic methods of generating continuous multimedia queries along with examples for illustration.     

Query Processing Techniques for Multimedia Presentations

A multimedia presentation is a synchronized, and possibly interactive, delivery of multimedia data to users. We expect that, in the future, multimedia presentations will be stored into and queried from multimedia databases. In an earlier work, we have designed a graphical query language, called GVISUAL, that allows users to query multimedia presentations based on content information. In this paper, we discuss GVISUAL query processing techniques for multimedia presentations. More specifically, we discuss the translation of GVISUAL queries into an operator-based language, called O-Algebra, with three new operators, and efficient implementations of the new O-Algebra operators using a coding system called nodecodes.     

Modeling and Management of Fuzzy Information in Multimedia Database Applications

In this paper, we firstly present a conceptual data model for multimedia database applications based on ExIFO₂ model. The ExIFO₂ data model is chosen as the conceptual model since it handles complex objects along with their uncertain and imprecise properties. We enhanced this conceptual model in order to meet the multimedia data requirements. In addition to uncertain and imprecise information, we present a way of handling relationships among objects of multimedia database applications. Events that might be extracted from video or audio are also considered in this study. Secondly, the conceptual model is mapped to a logical model, which the fuzzy object-oriented data (FOOD) model is chosen, for storing and manipulating the multimedia objects. This mapping is done in a way that it preserves most of the information represented at the conceptual level. Finally, in this study videos of football (soccer) games is selected as the multimedia database application to show how we handle crisp and fuzzy querying and retrieval of fuzzy and crisp data from the database. A program has been developed to draw ExIFO₂ schemas and to map the schema to FOOD code automatically.     

中国多媒体技术研究：2009

本文是中国多媒体技术研究与应用的年度文献综述之十二。该文从2009年9种核心刊物的3023篇中选取396篇多媒体技术相关的文章进行了分类、统计,以展现出2009年中国多媒体技术发展的现状。今年采用的分类方案在去年的基础上做了一些调整,以适应多媒体技术发展的趋势。通过与前4年统计结果的对比可以看出,数字水印、数据管理与检索、多播、交互模式与接口、虚拟现实交互等多媒体基础技术是2009年论文反映出的研究热点,同时,多媒体应用日趋多样化,与社会生活的结合程度越来越紧密。该文还对近5年的中国多媒体技术文献统计结果作了比较,从中可看到多媒体技术,特别是一些热点技术的发展趋势。该文不仅能给从事多媒体技术研究与应用的人员提供系统的文献索引,也能为技术规划和管理人员提供参考。     

A constraint-based approach to shape management in multimedia databases

Shape management is an important functionality in multimedia databases. Shape information can be used in both image acquisition and image retrieval. Several approaches have been proposed to deal with shape representation and matching. Among them, the data-driven approach supports searches for shapes based on indexing techniques. Unfortunately, efficient data-driven approaches are often defined only for specific types of shape. This is not sufficient in contexts in which arbitrary shapes should be represented. Constraint databases use mathematical theories to finitely represent infinite sets of relational tuples. They have been proved to be very useful in modeling spatial objects. In this paper, we apply constraint-based data models to the problem of shape management in multimedia databases. We first present the constraint model and some constraint languages. Then, we show how constraints can be used to model general shapes. The use of a constraint language as an internal specification and execution language for querying shapes is also discussed. Finally, we show how a constraint database system can be used to efficiently retrieve shapes, retaining the advantages of the already defined approaches.