Edge Detection in Range Images Based on Scan Line Approximation

In this paper we present a novel edge detection algorithm for range images based on a scan line approximation technique. Compared to the known methods in the literature, our algorithm has a number of advantages. It provides edge strength measures that have a straightforward geometric interpretation and supports a classification of edge points into several subtypes. We give a definition of optimal edge detectors and compare our algorithm to this theoretical model. We have carried out extensive tests using real range images acquired by four range scanners with quite different characteristics. Using a simple contour closure technique, we show that our edge detection method is able to achieve a complete range image segmentation into regions. This edge-based segmentation approach turns out to be superior to many region-based methods with regard to both segmentation quality and computational efficiency. The good results that were achieved demonstrate the practical usefulness of our edge detection algorithm.     

Object density-based image segmentation and its applications in biomedical image analysis

In many applications of medical image analysis, the density of an object is the most important feature for isolating an area of interest (image segmentation). In this research, an object density-based image segmentation methodology is developed, which incorporates intensity-based, edge-based and texture-based segmentation techniques. The proposed method consists of three main stages: preprocessing, object segmentation and final segmentation. Image enhancement, noise reduction and layer-of-interest extraction are several subtasks of preprocessing. Object segmentation utilizes a marker-controlled watershed technique to identify each object of interest (OI) from the background. A marker estimation method is proposed to minimize over-segmentation resulting from the watershed algorithm. Object segmentation provides an accurate density estimation of OI which is used to guide the subsequent segmentation steps. The final stage converts the distribution of OI into textural energy by using fractal dimension analysis. An energy-driven active contour procedure is designed to delineate the area with desired object density. Experimental results show that the proposed method is 98% accurate in segmenting synthetic images. Segmentation of microscopic images and ultrasound images shows the potential utility of the proposed method in different applications of medical image processing.     

基于边缘竞争模糊水平集的脑部磁共振图像自动分割

针对脑部磁共振(MR)图像分割时容易出现的受噪声影响大和边缘定位模糊问题,提出一种以基于核函数的增强模糊C均值(RFCMK)算法结果为先验知识的边缘竞争水平集自动分割方法。首先采用RFCMK算法对图像进行预分割;然后对预分割后的各子类图像进行阈值化处理,并将其边缘作为水平集演化的初始轮廓;最后采用引入竞争机制的边缘指示器对各部分边缘进行演化。该方法对模拟图像不同层切面的分割实验表明,基于面积和基于边缘的评估统计值范围分别为[0.91,0.95]和[0.05,0.22]。对噪声图像的实验结果表明该方法能够有效地抑制噪声对分割结果的影响。     

Fisher准则和正则化水平集方法分割噪声图像

随着活动轮廓模型的不断成熟和发展,模型的抗噪能力又成为重要的研究课题.为了精确地分割图像的同时去除图像的噪声,针对噪声图像用非负稳健函数作为边缘保持函数,从而保证图像在去噪的过程中边缘和纹理信息不被模糊.首先创造性地将分类器中的Fisher准则函数引入到图像分割中,从分类的角度对C-V模型给出了Fisher解释.把Fisher准则作为分割的标准来建立一个基于区域和边缘相结合的同时完成去噪和分割变分水平集分割模型.其次详细讨论了该模型的数值求解方法.最后实验验证了用Fisher值来衡量分割标准的理论的正确性和可靠性以及模型中正则项约束在去噪过程中的边缘保持功能.通过3组实验检验了提出的模型对噪声图像的去噪和分割比聚类算法、松弛迭代算法、Mean Shift算法有更好的效果.     

Range image segmentation based on differential geometry: a hybridapproach

The authors describe a hybrid approach to the problem of image segmentation in range data analysis, where hybrid refers to a combination of both region- and edge-based considerations. The range image of 3-D objects is divided into surface primitives which are homogeneous in their intrinsic differential geometric properties and do not contain discontinuities in either depth of surface orientation. The method is based on the computation of partial derivatives, obtained by a selective local biquadratic surface fit. Then, by computing the Gaussian and mean curvatures, an initial region-gased segmentation is obtained in the form of a curvature sign map. Two additional initial edge-based segmentations are also computed from the partial derivatives and depth values, namely, jump and roof-edge maps. The three image maps are then combined to produce the final segmentation. Experimental results obtained for both synthetic and real range data of polyhedral and curved objects are given     

一种改进的拉普拉斯水平集医学图像分割算法

作为图像识别与图像理解的关键步骤,图像分割一直受到人们的重视,很多相应的算法被提出,但它也面临着很多挑战。医学图像分割的难点是对模糊边缘的连续有效分割,为准确的目标提取提供保障。提出一种新的医学图像分割算法,算法在拉普拉斯水平集图像分割算法基础上,融入图像的区域信息,重新定义了驱动水平集表面演化的速度函数。算法除了利用图像的边缘梯度信息外,还充分融合了图像的区域信息,从而在保持图像边缘局部特征的同时,充分利用了区域全局优化的特点,可实现医学图像的有效分割。与经典水平集分割方法相比,改进后的方法能够更好地保持边界的连续性,得到比较完整的分割结果,为图像分析提供可靠的科学数据。     

The wedge filter technique for convex boundary estimation

This paper describes a method for segmentation of convex shaped image regions. The wedge filter technique first employs the converging squares algorithm [1] to locate a region of interest. Then a region oriented boundary estimation technique, called the wedge filter, is applied. This wedge filter entails angular filtering and subsampling, and boundary interpolation. The technique is more capable of segmenting noncircular shapes than some earlier methods based on the Hough transform. In addition, unlike many edge-based segmentation schemes, this method is relatively tolerant to edge gaps and to blurred or thick edges. This technique is tested on a number of synthesized images over a range of convex shapes, for different algorithm parameters, and under various conditions of region size and image noise. In addition, the technique has been applied to segmentation of liver cell nuclei in light microscope images of human liver tissue.     

Multiple piecewise constant with geodesic active contours (MPC-GAC) framework for interactive image segmentation using graph cut optimization

This paper proposes an improved variational model, multiple piecewise constant with geodesic active contour (MPC-GAC) model, which generalizes the region-based active contour model by Chan and Vese, 2001 [11] and merges the edge-based active contour by Caselles et al., 1997 [7] to inherit the advantages of region-based and edge-based image segmentation models. We show that the new MPC-GAC energy functional can be iteratively minimized by graph cut algorithms with high computational efficiency compared with the level set framework. This iterative algorithm alternates between the piecewise constant functional learning and the foreground and background updating so that the energy value gradually decreases to the minimum of the energy functional. The k-means method is used to compute the piecewise constant values of the foreground and background of image. We use a graph cut method to detect and update the foreground and background. Numerical experiments show that the proposed interactive segmentation method based on the MPC-GAC model by graph cut optimization can effectively segment images with inhomogeneous objects and background.     

基于随机Hough变换的深度图像分割

提出了基于随机Hough变换的深度图像分割算法,该算法采用随机Hough变换在深度图像中寻找平面,具有对噪声不敏感的优点．通过对一常用深度图像数据库(ABW图像库)的分割实验,并将实验结果同4种经典的深度图像分割算法在同一数据库中的分割结果作了比较分析,表明该算法对噪声不敏感,分割性能优于4种经典算法。     

Images thresholding using ISODATA technique with gamma distribution

Image segmentation is a fundamental step in many applications of image processing. Many image segmentation techniques exist based on different methods such as classification-based methods, edge-based methods, region-based methods, and hybrid methods. The principal approach of segmentation is based on thresholding (classification) that is related to thresholds estimation problem. The ISODATA (Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis Technique) method is one of the classification-based methods in image segmentation. We assumed that the data in images is modeled by Gamma distribution. The objective of this paper is to explain a new method that combines Gamma distribution with the technique of ISODATA. The algorithm has two phases: splitting using Gamma distribution then merging which are done based on some predefined parameters. Experimental results showed good segmentation for artificial and real images.     

一种新的SAR目标及其阴影图像分割方法

针对相干斑对SAR图像分割质量的影响,给出一种新的SAR目标及其阴影图像分割方法。首先应用空域Wiener滤波器抑制棚干斑,然后根据滤波后图像统计特性确定分割阈值,对阈值分割结果进行形念学处理得到分割图像。利用MSTAR数据所作实验结果表明,采用有效的相干斑抑制方法可以更好地保持滤波图像中的目标,分割结果更为精细,并且算法速度快,有助提高ATR系统。     

Multi-scale rock detection on Mars

In this paper, we propose a novel autonomous Martian rock detection framework via superpixel segmentation. Different from current state-of-the-art pixel-level rock segmenting methods, the proposed method deals with this issue in region level. Image is splitted into homogeneous regions based on intensity information and spatial layout. The heart of proposed framework is to enhance such region contrast. Then, rocks can be simply segmented from the resulting contrast-map by an adaptive threshold. Our method is efficient in dealing with large image and only few parameters need to set. Preliminary experimental results show that our algorithm outperforms edge-based methods in various grayscale rover images.     

基于贝塞尔滤波改进的测地活动轮廓图像分割模型

活动轮廓模型广泛应用于图像分割和目标轮廓提取,基于边缘的测地活动轮廓（GAC）模型在提取边缘明显的物体时得到广泛的应用,但GAC演化过程中,迭代次数较多,耗时较长。针对这一问题,结合贝塞尔滤波理论,对GAC模型改进。首先,利用贝塞尔滤波对图像进行平滑处理,降低噪声;其次,基于贝塞尔滤波的边缘检测函数,构建新的边缘停止项,且并入到GAC模型中;最后,在构造的模型中同时加入反应扩散（RD）项以避免水平集重新初始化。实验结果表明,与多个基于边缘的模型相比,所提模型在保证分割结果精确度的同时,提高了时间效率,更适用于实际应用。     

基于稀疏主成分分析和自适应阈值选择的图像分割算法

图像分割是机器视觉中的基础问题,基于阈值的图像分割算法依赖于参数调整,但参数调整容易受到局部最小值的影响且需要耗费大量时间,从而降低了分割算法的质量和效率。为了实现图像分割过程中的自适应阈值选择,提出了一种基于稀疏主成分分析和自适应阈值选择的图像分割算法。该算法首先利用稀疏主成分分析感知图像的噪声水平以自适应去噪,其次通过二维直方图感知图像的主干区域内容以自适应获得全局分割阈值,然后通过移动平均法的局部阈值分割算法对图像进行分割,最后将全局阈值分割和局部阈值分割图像结合,从而获得最佳的分割图像结果。在伯克利数据集上的仿真实验结果表明:相比传统的阈值分割算法,该算法在分割边缘的准确性和对噪声的鲁棒性上具有一定的优势,在主客观上均具有较好的分割效果,基于稀疏主成分分析的自适应阈值选择方法提高了图像的分割质量。     

Unsupervised multiresolution segmentation for images with low depthof field

Unsupervised segmentation of images with low depth of field (DOF) is highly useful in various applications. This paper describes a novel multiresolution image segmentation algorithm for low DOF images. The algorithm is designed to separate a sharply focused object-of-interest from other foreground or background objects. The algorithm is fully automatic in that all parameters are image independent. A multi-scale approach based on high frequency wavelet coefficients and their statistics is used to perform context-dependent classification of individual blocks of the image. Unlike other edge-based approaches, our algorithm does not rely on the process of connecting object boundaries. The algorithm has achieved high accuracy when tested on more than 100 low DOF images, many with inhomogeneous foreground or background distractions. Compared with he state of the art algorithms, this new algorithm provides better accuracy at higher speed     

一种改进的基于图论的图像分割方法

由于传统基于图论的图像分割方法是基于像素级别的,随着像素的增多,其应用也受到了限制,因此,提出一种改进的图像分割方法。该图像分割方法利用Dijkstra算法,将图像的像素点聚集形成超像素;应用Kruskal算法,得到最小生成树,确定并删除最小生成树的不一致边,完成图像分割。实验结果表明,改进方法分割的区域内部特征具有较好的均匀性和一致性。     

差分演化优化Ncut准则的彩色图像分割

针对解Ncut准则的SM算法寻优能力不足的问题,提出一种基于差分演化优化归一化准则的彩色图像分割算法。首先对彩色图像进行爬山法预分割为多类,并构造类级间的无向完全图,之后再使用二进制差分演化算法求得Ncut准则最小化的图二分,最后通过映射获得图像的二值分割。实验结果表明,在相同预处理情况下,本文的寻优算法与SM算法相比,分割效果更为精准。     

变权重MRF算法在图像自动无监督分割中的应用

为了实现图像的自动无监督分割,本文提出类自适应变权重马尔可夫随机场分割算法。首先结合最小描述长度准则,自适应计算马尔可夫随机场框架下的图像分类数;然后引入变权重的马尔可夫随机场算法,扩大势函数的选择范围,消除势函数的复杂计算;最后用迭代条件模式进行优化,获得最大后验概率准则下的分割图像。在Matlab环境中的测试结果表明,该算法具有实效性,能正确计算分类数,同时有效减少了分割错误。     

Local adaptive segmentation algorithm for 3-D medical image based on robust feature statistics

Medical image segmentation is of pivotal importance in computer-aided clinical diagnosis. Many factors, including noises, bias field effect, local volume effect, as well as tissue movement may affect the med- ical image, thus causing blurring or uneven characteristics when forming a picture. Such quality defects will inevitably impair the gray-scale difference between adjacent tissues and lead to insufficient segmentation or even leakage during tissue or organ segmentation. In the present investigation, a local adaptive segmentation algorithm for 3-D medical image based on robust feature statistics （LARFS） was proposed. By combining segmentation algorithm principles for traditional region growing （RG） and robust feature statistics （RFS）, the location and neighborhood image information of input seed point can be comprehensively analyzed by LARFS. Results show that, for different segmentation objects, under controlling the input parameter of growing factor within certain range, LARFS segmentation algorithm can adapt well to the regional geometric shape. And be- cause the robust feature statistics is applied in the contour evolution process, LARFS algorithm is not sensitive to noises and not easily influenced by image contrast and object topology. Hence, the leakage and excessive segmentation effects are ameliorated with a smooth edge, and the accuracy can be controlled within the effective error range.