AVS分像素运动估计优化算法

针对AVS分像素运动估计的问题,提出一种优化的估计方法。包括分像素自适应提前中止算法和改进的分像素内插方法。该方法能降低分像素运动搜索的内插复杂度和搜索次数,适用于DSP、FPGA等嵌入式平台的实现。实验结果表明,在保证图像质量的前提下,该算法的总体运算复杂度降低了70%以上。     

基于运动矢量空间相关性的H.264分像素运动估计

随着整像素运动估计快速算法的发展,分像素运动估计的计算量在运动估计中所占比重越发明显。为了减少分像素运动估计的计算量,提出了一种利用运动矢量空间相关性来预测整像素运动块,对整像素运动块进行分像素搜索过程跳过的分像素运动估计方法。实验结果表明,该算法与全分像素搜索算法结合使用,在基本保持搜索精度不变的情况下,比单纯的全分像素搜索算法减少60%左右的分像素搜索点。该算法可与其他快速分像素搜索算法结合使用,以获得更好的编码性能。     

针对H264的基于平坦区域预测的分像素运动估计

运动估计消耗视频编码系统绝大部分的计算量。H.264由于采用多模式运动估计和四分之一精度搜索,不仅增加了整像素运动估计的计算量,而且也大大增加了分像素搜索运算量。随着快速整像素搜索算法的发展,整像素计算量不断降低。因此对于H.264的实时应用,快速分像素运动估计算法变得十分重要。提出了一种全新的基于图像平坦区域预测的分像素运动搜索算法。该算法通过预测图像平坦均匀区域,有效地减少了分像素搜索点数。实验结果表明,与全搜索分像素搜索相比,该算法可以减少22%～63%左右的分像素搜索点数,同时基本不改变图像质量和编码压缩率。     

一种快速分类搜索运动估计新方法

在视频编码中 ,基于块的运动估计算法被广泛应用 .在保证估计质量的前提下 ,为了降低运动估计算法的搜索次数 ,提出了一种对于不同类型的块采用不同的搜索范围和搜索步骤的分类快速搜索 (CFS)运动估计新算法 .该算法首先对块进行分类 ,然后确定其搜索范围和搜索步骤 ,在应用分类搜索法时 ,根据运动矢量的中心偏置特性 ,将第 1步和第 2步的搜索窗采用 5× 5的窗口 ,第 3步采用 3× 3的窗口 .结果表明 ,该分类快速搜索新算法在运动矢量的估计质量上 ,明显优于传统三步搜索法 ,且搜索次数与传统三步搜索法相比 ,降低了 2 3% ,与全搜索法相比 ,降低了 91% .实验结果证明 ,该算法尤其适用于快速运动、复杂运动序列的运动估计 .与传统的全搜索法和三步搜索法相比 ,其更适合于用硬件实现 .     

HEVC的高效分像素运动补偿

现有的视频编码方法单独针对不同的编码技术进行优化,虽然简化了算法的实现,但却忽略了各者之间的内在关系而局限了性能的进一步提升.本文尝试针对HEVC中的分像素插值和分像素运动估计建立一种整合的优化算法,同时提升两者的计算速度.首先,我们通过细分不同分像素的插值方法,把每个分像素的插值代价融合在分像素运动估计的搜索中,并构建一种性价比优先的分像素运动估计方法.该运动估计方法的每一步搜索都按照最小化计算代价和最大化率失真收益的原则进行,保证以最小的计算消耗获得最优的性能.其次,为了配合该方法我们针对HEVC的特性构建了一个分区域分像素集的分像素插值算法.该插值算法在分像素运动估计过程中仅动态地计算所用到的分像素,解决了现有插值算法无法同时降低重复计算和冗余计算的问题.实验结果表明,我们的整合算法可以在几乎不产生率失真性能损失的情况下,大幅地加快分像素运动估计和插值的速度.     

基于H.264的快速1/4像素精度运动估计算法

提出了一种快速1/4像素精度的运动估计算法。该算法基于运动补偿预测误差模型,与传统的1/4像素的分层运动估计算法不同,仅通过一步计算就能直接得到1/4像素精度的运动矢量,而且完全避免了运算量很大的分数像素内插运算和整像素搜索完成后的分数像素搜索。同时对最佳整像素点位于图像边缘位置的情况进行了研究。实验结果表明,该算法在保持图像质量的前提下极大地减少了1/4像素运动估计的运算量。     

一种新型全搜索运动估计IP核设计

为了降低全搜索运动估计算法带来的巨大计算量,提高运动估计计算速度,提出了一种新型的用于全搜索运动估计硬件结构。该硬件结构能实时地通过全搜索运动估计来搜索每个像素块最佳的匹配运动向量,并通过改进搜索窗缓存,获得了较高的运算速度增益并有效地降低了电路功耗。     

一种基于FBMA算法的整像素运动估计芯片的VLSI设计

给出了一种基于全搜索块匹配算法的运动估计电路的改进结构,并完成了VLSI设计.通过采用多端口匹配策略和双时钟方案,使得在提高先前帧搜索区域像素数据重复利用率的同时,将脉动阵列的计算效率提高到74.9%.采用TSMC0.25μm1P5MCMOS工艺,完成了运动估计芯片的VLSI实现,其芯片面积为3.37mm×3.37mm,最高工作频率为110MHz.综合后仿真表明在89.4MHz的频率下,该电路可以对支持MPEG4ASProfile标准的ITUR601格式视频图像(720×480@30HzNTSC或720×576@25HzPAL)进行基于整像素的实时运动估计.     

结合低位深像素预测起点的小波域运动估计

提出一种用2b深度的像素预测搜索起点的快速小波域运动估计算法.首先,将像素深度的转换形式化为区间分划和区间映射,采用非均匀量化求解区间分划的初始阈值,再用隶属函数计算量化阈值并完成区间映射,从而获得位深度为2b的视频表示;其次,设计了非均匀的搜索起点分布模板,并以此为基础提出一种基于2b深度像素的搜索起点预测算法;最后,以搜索起点为中心,进一步采用改进的低频子带平移运动估计算法MLBSSME在较小的窗口内完成搜索.实验结果表明,对于具有不同场景特点的视频序列,算法始终能保持较高的估计精度,运动补偿的平均峰值信噪比较之低频子带平移运动估计和直接子带运动估计算法高0.41dB和1.43 dB,比空间域全搜索降低0.07 dB.但是,算法的计算量仅相当于空间域全搜索的4.66％、低频子带平移运动估计的4.62％、子带直接运动估计的22.70％.     

全搜索算法的SSE并行优化

在基于宏块划分的视频编码算法中,运动估计阶段因为其庞大的计算量占用了绝大多数的编码时间.特别是在对高清视频进行编码时,运动估计已经成为提升编码性能的最大瓶颈.本文通过对全搜索运动估计算法进行基于像素的并行化修改和优化,使用SSE指令调用CPU的SIMD单元同时对当前宏块与参考宏块的多个像素进行SAD运算,对运动估计进行了并行化的实现.在相同的硬件环境以及保证编码质量的前提下,相对于传统的全搜索CPU运算获得了2倍以上的编码性能提升.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate