一类时变时滞车辆跟驰模型的稳定性控制

为了研究交通拥堵问题,同时了解交通拥挤形成的过程以及驾驶员自身特性对交通流稳定性的影响.本文基于复杂网络同步理论,对一类考虑前后车效应的时变时滞最优速度车辆跟驰模型的稳定性进行了研究.利用Lyapunov稳定性理论,通过设计基于速度和车头间距的自适应控制器使得该车辆跟驰模型趋于稳定,并得到了模型稳定性的条件.此外,在车辆受到随机外部扰动的情形下,研究了该模型的稳定性.最后,采用MATLAB仿真技术进行了数值模拟,结果表明在本文设计的控制器下,考虑前后车效应的时变时滞最优速度车辆跟驰模型快速趋于稳定,拥堵现象得到了有效的缓解.     

信号灯作用下的车辆跟驰行为研究

跟驰模型是交通流理论的研究热点.在分析了目前交通流跟驰理沦的基础上,探讨了信号灯对车辆跟驰行为的影响,提出了改进的交通流跟驰模型.该模型以信号控制交叉口为主要研究区域,以车头间距和信号灯颜色状态作为输入,以车辆跟驰状态为输出,从而建立了分段函数模型,并用仿真软件进行了实验验证,结果证明了模型的可行性.最后,对该研究方向进行了展望.     

跟驰驾驶行为的滑模控制系统建模

为量化描述跟驰驾驶行为的特质,即个人意志(即稳速驾驶)与环境干扰(即车辆间距、速度差、加速度差)间的动态调和,剖析了跟驰驾驶行为的"运动跟踪(即跟驰车辆对前导车辆速度、加速度轨迹的跟踪)"特性与"刺激-反应"机理,建立了"刺激-反应"行为模式下跟驰驾驶行为的2阶滑模控制系统模型;通过数学分析验证了本模型控制的跟驰车辆运动的Lyapunov渐近稳定性.并通过数值仿真说明了本模型控制的跟驰车队的运动可能具备Lyapunov渐近稳定性.     

考虑前车动态效应的高速跟驰交通流研究

为描述交通中存在的“高速跟驰”现象,在NaSch模型的基础上,考虑了前车的运动特性,并结合驾驶员的驾驶行为差异,建立了考虑前车动态效应的高速跟驰交通流模型（DPM）。通过数值模拟得到了高速跟驰规律,当道路车流密度为0.18时,车道上的高速跟驰率为4.93%;同时,通过分析车辆运动的时空特性,模拟出交通流中自由流、同步流以及宽幅运动阻塞现象;还得出了不同驾驶员占比下的速度-流量-密度的关系;并分析了车辆随时间变化的速度及车头间距波动情况,较NaSch模型有更高的交通稳定性。通过NGSIM数据集及国内实测数据验证了DPM模型的有效性和实用性。     

基于改进最优速度的车辆跟驰模型及数值模拟

为了克服传统最优速度模型(OVM)单一考虑车间距对最优速度影响的不足,在同时考虑跟驰车与前导车之间的车间距和相对速度对后车跟驰行为影响的基础上,提出一种基于改进最优速度的车辆跟驰模型。通过对模型线性稳定性分析,得到改进模型的稳定性条件,并与OV模型进行比较,发现改进模型的稳定区域显著增加。最后对改进模型进行数值仿真,结果表明基于改进最优速度的车辆跟驰模型能明显增强交通流的稳定性。     

5G环境下车联网跟驰模型

针对现有跟驰模型的不足,提出一种5G环境下车联网实时稳定(current time stabilization,CTS)模型。该跟驰模型首先考虑了网络时延的时变性对跟驰模型的影响,其次考虑了由网络时延带来的对车辆实时速度、加速度、驾驶员反应时间的影响,从而保证CTS模型更符合实际驾驶情况。从理论上推导出跟驰模型的临界稳定性条件。仿真结果表明,当网络时延不同时,随着网络时延的降低,CTS模型的稳定性不断升高;在相同扰动下,CTS模型比传统优化速度(optimal velocity,OV)跟驰模型的稳定性提高了32.5%。     

考虑时延速度差和限速信息的智能网联车跟驰模型

针对由于驾驶员对于道路限速和时延信息获取的不确定性而引起的跟驰行为受扰和交通流失稳等问题,提出了一种车联网（IoV）环境下考虑时延速度差和限速信息的跟驰模型TD-VDVL。首先,引入时延导致的速度变化量和道路限速信息对全速差（FVD）模型进行改进;然后,利用线性谱波微扰法推导出TD-VDVL模型的交通流稳定性判断依据,并分析模型中各参数对系统稳定性的影响;最后,利用Matlab进行数值仿真实验与对比分析。仿真实验中,分别选取在笔直道路和环形道路,给行驶过程中的车队施加轻微扰动。当条件一致时,TD-VDVL模型比优化速度（OV）、FVD模型中车队的速度波动率和车头间距起伏均小,尤其是当限速信息的敏感系数取0.3、时延速度差的敏感系数取0.3时,所提模型的车队速度平均波动率在时间500 s时可以达到2.35%,车头间距波峰波谷差仅为0.019 4 m。实验结果表明,TD-VDVL模型在引入时延速差和限速信息后,具备更优的稳定区域,能够明显增强跟驰车队吸收扰动的能力。     

前后车辆最优速度差跟驰模型与数值仿真

为了克服经典最优速度（OV）模型仅依据车间距单一因素调整跟驰车最优速度的局限性,在考虑前导车与跟驰车最优速度差信息对交通流稳定性影响的基础上,提出了一种改进的最优速度差（OVD）模型,并通过小振幅摄动法对模型进行了稳定性分析,推导了模型的稳定性条件。最后对改进OVD模型进行了数值仿真。通过线性稳定性分析,发现考虑前后车辆最优速度差后,自由流稳定的临界驾驶员反应灵敏度系数明显减小,稳定区域显著增加。仿真结果表明,与OV跟驰模型相比,在相同初始扰动条件下,改进OVD模型能够明显增强交通流的稳定性。     

基于模糊聚类的车辆跟驰隶属度函数确定方法

当前研究确定车辆跟驰模糊推理隶属度函数时所采用的方法主要是专家法,不能精确获得车辆跟驰隶属度函数。针对于此,提出根据模糊聚类分析的方法,考虑车辆跟驰数据内部的关联性,利用基于高斯函数的隶属度函数确定方法,进行车辆跟驰模糊集的划分和隶属度函数的确定。使用真实的车辆轨迹数据,将后车速度、前后车相对速度、车间距作为输入变量,后车加速度作为输出变量建立模糊推理系统,对论文提出的基于模糊聚类的车辆跟驰隶属度函数确定方法进行评价。结果表明：本文提出的新方法能真实反映数据本身的特征和驾驶员的心理生理特性,其推理结果与真实数据误差较小,可用于分析模糊推理的车辆跟驰行为特点。     

基于心理物理综合认知结构的微观交通仿真模型

针对驾驶行为的不确定性,在分析驾驶员心理-物理微观特性的基础上,构建了基于驾驶员任务集聚的心理-物理综合认知结构及其各行为运行模式下微观交通仿真的车辆跟驰模型.运用五轮仪试验系统所采获的实际数据和多元统计分析的数学方法对模型进行了标定,并使用与模型标定过程所用到的数据不同的另一部分数据验证了模型的有效性.结果表明,该文所提出的模型和算法能够很好地刻画驾驶员心理-物理行为特性的复杂性,再现人车单元的实际动态行为,为网络交通流一体化协同仿真和智能运输系统研究提供理论基础.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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