参数曲面的有限元网格化

基于推进波前法,本文提出了一种针对三维Trimmed参数曲面的有限元网格剖分方法,首先对曲面参数空间进行剖分,利用结点密度函数（与曲率有关）和生成内部结点的公式,使网格单元和结点能同时生成,然后把网格反映射到曲面上,从而实现参数曲面的三角形网格剖分。     

基于特征约束点的纹理映射算法

纹理映射技术用于生成物体表面的纹理细节,是真实感图形技术的重要组成部分,也是计算机图形学的一个重要研究方向.针对目前很多纹理映射算法计算量大,方法比较复杂的缺点,应用Candide3作为三维网格模型,提出了一种快速有效的基于特征约束点的纹理映射算法.通过在三维网格模型和纹理图像上选取少量对应的特征约束点,利用三角网格剖分算法在纹理图像上建立选取特征点的三角网格.进而通过求取质心坐标的方法计算出三维网格模型上所有特征点的纹理坐标并完成整个三维网格模型的纹理映射.实验结果表明,提出的算法计算速度较快,能够得到高真实度的纹理映射效果,并且适用于不同纹理图像映射到同一三维网格模型上.     

位移纹理形状创新应用

三维模型的形状合成是计算机图形学和辅助设计的重要研究课题。借鉴三维模型的位移映射,提出一种形状创新方法,能够生成新颖的三维造型。包括四个部分：首先从特征形状源模型提取三维图案作为位移纹理的生成元素;其次根据宿主网格模型定义三维构图知识,包括构图坐标系类型和其他纹理映射参数;第三是宿主模型进行自适应剖分;最后根据三维图案和映射参数生成位移纹理并与宿主模型融合后生成新的三维造型。     

基于三角剖分的人脸纹理映射

采用通用的三维人脸模型和任意的人脸纹理图像,基于Delaunay三角剖分,提出了一种灵活的3D人脸的纹理映射方法。该方法对人脸特征点集做三角剖分,在纹理图像和三维网格之间建立了一个准确的拓扑同构映射关系,从而得到高真实度的纹理映射。该算法不受网格调整精度的影响,同时适用于不同的纹理映射到同一三维人脸模型上。     

一种基于多边形剖分的有限元网格生成方法

在两步网格化过程中,待分析区域首先被剖分为具有三条或四条边的简单子区域部分.然后将利用传递模板法或映射法对这些子区域进行网格生成.本文结合计算几何和有限元网格自动生成问题,给出了一种基于简单多边形剖分的全四边形有限元网格自动生成方法.该方法分两步实现有限元网格生成首先通过权函数的引导,对待分析的简单多边形区域先进行子域剖分,得到一组三角形和凸四边形子域(大单元)的集合;然后利用中点剖分方法,将三角形和凸四边形子域单元剖分为全四边形有限元网格.实践证明,本文提出的方法实现简单、使用灵活,结果网格的质量良好.     

一种裁剪参数曲面的有限元网格剖分方法

在板料冲压成形模拟分析中,从CAD系统输入的模具的曲面模型包含大量的裁剪参数曲面,曲面之间的相邻关系复杂,针对这种曲面模型的特点,提出了一种裁剪参数曲面的有限元网格剖分方法,单个裁剪参数曲面采用非约束边界的等参数映射法,各个裁剪参数曲面各自独立地网格剖分产生了网格单元后,再将各个裁剪参数曲面的网格单元合并为单元相容,即单元间无裂缝和覆盖的网格模型,这种方法适合于需要大量裁剪参数曲面拼合的复杂曲面模型,如汽车覆盖件模型的网格剖分。     

三维地质构造的三角形格架式网格生成方法

三维油气运聚模拟计算方法需要在构造模型的约束下生成三维地质格架式网格。针对这一需求对现有网格生成方法进行了分析对比,并在此基础上提出一套三角形格架式网格生成方法。该方法采用了限定Delaunay三角剖分技术生成基础的地质层面模型,同时提出协同剖分算法来解决地层面网格在公共交线处的几何拓扑一致性问题,并表明了算法的正确性,最后给出地质层面的剖分实例。实验结果表明了该方法在工程实践中的有效性。     

高性能非结构化四面体网格解耦并行生成算法

针对大规模科学计算领域非结构化网格生成问题,提出一种基于AFT-Delaunay方法的三维复杂域解耦并行四面体网格生成算法.该算法以待剖分三维域的闭合的表面三角形网格为输入,采用边界一致约束Delaunay剖分方法串行地生成较小规模的初始四面体网格;采用界面优先策略扩展三维AFT-Delaunay方法,以几何分界面为参考指引前沿推进方向,在分界面处生成一层由四面体单元构成的有厚度的"墙",递归、并行地将初始四面体网格分割成完全解耦的子区域;此时,各子区域均为不含内部节点的四面体网格,继续利用AFT-Delaunay方法解耦并行地生成各子区域内部四面体网格.算例结果表明,文中算法很好地解决了分界面处网格质量差的难题以及收敛性问题,具有较好的并行效率及几何适应性,可在PC平台全自动地完成108量级的非结构四面体网格生成.     

边界优先的Delaunay-层推进曲面四边形网格生成

为了提高复杂组合曲面四边形网格生成的鲁棒性和边界单元质量,提出一种边界优先的Delaunay-层推进网格生成方法.首先在剖分域内粗的约束Delaunay背景网格的辅助下,以物理域的位置偏差为引导,在参数域中迭代计算边界点的法矢量;然后结合层推进策略,在几何特征附近生成各向异性或各向同性正交网格;最后使用Coring技术加速内部网格的生成并进行单元合并,得到四边形为主的网格.若干复杂平面区域和组合曲面模型的剖分结果表明,所提方法可生成等角扭曲度和纵横比优于主流商业软件的网格;在12个线程的PC平台上,使用OpenMP并行剖分包含21 772张曲面的引擎模型只用了38.68 s.     

三维不规则三角网格的精确裁剪算法

给出了一种基于约束Delaunay三角剖分的三维不规则三角网格的精确裁剪算法。算法结合TIN数据的生成特点,首先将TIN投影到二维平面,然后利用约束Delaunay三角剖分把裁剪多边形的每条边嵌入三角网中,再利用边-三角形的拓扑关系删除裁剪多边形外部多余三角形,最后利用边-点的拓扑关系对裁剪多边形顶点高程进行插值,使生成裁剪后的TIN模型。对不同复杂程度的三维TIN模型进行裁剪实验,发现二维投影策略极大地提高了三维TIN裁剪效率。算法的程序实现简单,且符合工程需求。     

Interactive mesh cloning driven by boundary loop

In order to copy arbitrary irregular mesh between two models continuously, this paper presents an interactive mesh cloning approach based on pyramid spherical coordinates driven by boundary loop. The approach extends an existing algorithm for computing offset membrane on mesh. A parametric paint brush is constructed to define canvas both on the source mesh and the target mesh. They are mapped onto a 2D parametric domain using discrete geodesic polar maps to register correspondingly. During cloning, the boundary loop of the region of interest (ROI) on the target mesh is fitted in real time by B-spline curve to register the boundary loop of the source ROI. Via the reconstructed boundary loop, the ROI is deformed to register the target mesh by pyramid spherical coordinates to ensure that the clone result is seamless and natural. Our approach can clone arbitrary irregular meshes between two 3D models, even if the mesh is non-manifold. The cloning process is operated in real time by GPU acceleration. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our interactive mesh cloning.     

Triangulation of 3D surfaces

A simple generator of graded triangular meshes on spatial surfaces is introduced in this paper. The algorithm is based on the approximation of the surface by tensor product polynomial patches which are uniquely mappable on a planar parametric space. Each of the patches is triangulated separately in its parametric space, using modified advancing front technique allowing for generation of pre-stretched elements, and the obtained triangulation is mapped back onto the original surface. Large effort has been devoted to the treatment of singularities arising on surfaces approximated by degenerated patches.     

Molecular Surface Modeling and Meshing

An increasingly important part of quantum chemistry is devoted to molecular surfaces. To model such a surface, each constituting atom is idealized by a simple sphere. Surface mesh generation techniques are then used either for visualization or for simulation, where mesh quality has a strong influence on solution accuracy. This paper presents our new approach to generating quality meshes on arbitrary molecular surfaces (van der Waals, solvent-accessible or solvent-excluded surfaces). First, a boundary representation (B-rep) of the surface is obtained, i.e. a set of patches and the topological relations between them. Second, an appropriate parameterization and a metric map are computed for each patch. Third, meshes of the parametric domains are generated with respect to an induced metric map, using a combined advancing-front – generalized-Delaunay approach. Finally these meshes are mapped onto the entire surface. Several application examples illustrate various capabilities of our method. ID="A1" Correspondence and offprint requests to: P. Laug, GAMMA project, INRIA, BP 105, 78153 Rocquencourt Cedex, France. E-mail: Patrick.Laug@inria.fr     

Turbine blade temperature transfer using the load surface method

Temperature transfer is important to MDA (multidisciplinary analysis) of turbine blades, for the separation of aerodynamics and structure analysis codes. To re-couple these codes, a load surface method is provided here to transfer temperature across the interface of arbitrarily meshed CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and CSM (Computational Structural Mechanics) models. The idea of the method is to transfer temperature by a Bi-cubic B-spline surface, fitted from the CFD temperature results of interfaces in parametric space. The temperature of the CSM nodes of the interface is calculated from the load surface in the same parametric space. An important step in this transfer method is to map the CFD and CSM nodes into the same parametric space. The mapping surface method is detailed for this purpose. In the mapping method, the nodes are mapped onto a structured quad mesh, called a mapping surface, which is additionally generated on the interface surface. Then, the nodes are mapped into the parametric space, which is defined by a parameterization of the mapping surface. To evaluate the accuracy of the method, the temperature of a turbine blade is transferred experimentally. The result indicates that the method is accurate even for coarse meshes.     

A new CAD mesh segmentation method, based on curvature tensor analysis

This paper presents a new and efficient algorithm for the decomposition of 3D arbitrary triangle meshes and particularly optimized triangulated CAD meshes. The algorithm is based on the curvature tensor field analysis and presents two distinct complementary steps: a region based segmentation, which is an improvement of that presented by Lavoue et al. [Lavoue G, Dupont F, Baskurt A. Constant curvature region decomposition of 3D-meshes by a mixed approach vertex-triangle, J WSCG 2004;12(2):245-52] and which decomposes the object into near constant curvature patches, and a boundary rectification based on curvature tensor directions, which corrects boundaries by suppressing their artefacts or discontinuities. Experiments conducted on various models including both CAD and natural objects, show satisfactory results. Resulting segmented patches, by virtue of their properties (homogeneous curvature, clean boundaries) are particularly adapted to computer graphics tasks like parametric or subdivision surface fitting in an adaptive compression objective.     

基于黎曼度量的复杂参数曲面有限元网格生成方法

给出了三维空间的黎曼度量和曲面自身的黎曼度量相结合的三维复杂参数曲面自适应网格生成的改进波前推进算法.详细阐述了曲面参数域上任意一点的黎曼度量的计算和插值方法;采用可细化的栅格作为背景网格,在降低了程序实现的难度的同时提高了网格生成的速度;提出按层推进和按最短边推进相结合的方法,在保证边界网格质量的同时,提高曲面内部网格的质量.三维自适应黎曼度量的引入,提高了算法剖分复杂曲面的自适应性.算例表明,该算法对复杂曲面能够生成高质量的网格,而且整个算法具有很好的时间特性和可靠性.     

Particle systems for adaptive, isotropic meshing of CAD models

We present a particle-based approach for generating adaptive triangular surface and tetrahedral volume meshes from computer-aided design models. Input shapes are treated as a collection of smooth, parametric surface patches that can meet non-smoothly on boundaries. Our approach uses a hierarchical sampling scheme that places particles on features in order of increasing dimensionality. These particles reach a good distribution by minimizing an energy computed in 3D world space, with movements occurring in the parametric space of each surface patch. Rather than using a pre-computed measure of feature size, our system automatically adapts to both curvature as well as a notion of topological separation. It also enforces a measure of smoothness on these constraints to construct a sizing field that acts as a proxy to piecewise-smooth feature size. We evaluate our technique with comparisons against other popular triangular meshing techniques for this domain.     

Mesh generation and mesh refinement procedures for the analysis of concrete shells

In this paper, a mesh generation and mesh refinement procedure for adaptive finite element (FE) analyses of real-life surface structures are proposed. For mesh generation, the advancing front method is employed. FE meshes of curved structures are generated in the respective 2D parametric space of the structure. Thereafter, the 2D mesh is mapped onto the middle surface of the structure. For mesh refinement, two different modes, namely uniform and adaptive mesh refinement, are considered. Remeshing in the context of adaptive mesh refinement is controlled by the spatial distribution of the estimated error of the FE results. Depending on this distribution, remeshing may result in a partial increase and decrease, respectively, of the element size. In contrast to adaptive mesh refinement, uniform mesh refinement is characterized by a reduction of the element size in the entire domain. The different refinement strategies are applied to ultimate load analysis of a retrofitted cooling tower. The influence of the underlying FE discretization on the numerical results is investigated.     

三维复杂实体表面生成方法研究

该文提出了生成三维复杂实体表面的一种新方法。该方法由以下过程组成：由分布在折面上的一维数据(点或直线段)，通过映射得到平面上相应的一维数据；再经二维剖面编辑得到二维剖面数据(弧段、曲线和多边形)；通过逆映射得到折面上相应的数据(弧段、曲线和多边形)，即得到三维剖面数据；最后从三维剖面上的弧段、曲线和多边形重建实体表面。     

Inverse Displacement Mapping in the General Case

Inverse Displacement Mapping is a form of displacement mapping which allows the ray tracing of displacement mapped surfaces. The technique performs all calculations in the inverse (parametric) space of the surface thus avoiding the need to explicitly model the complex three dimensional geometry. This produces a compact and general algorithm, Only when the solution, in parametric space, has been determined is it transformed back to 3D space. The algorithm works by projecting the ray into the parametric space of the surface. This ray is then split into a series of segments, each of which can be efficiently handled to calculate the intersection points. The algorithm presented here has been used to ray trace displacement mapped objects from a variety of underlying surface types.