一种煤矿机械轴承故障诊断方法

针对现有煤矿机械轴承故障自适应诊断方法易受高频噪声和间断噪声干扰而导致原始信号分解和特征提取精度较低的问题,提出了一种基于改进局部均值分解的煤矿机械轴承故障诊断方法。该方法在局部均值分解方法的自适应分解部分采用噪声辅助分解方法,将高斯白噪声加入原始信号,然后进行局部均值分解,以抑制高频噪声及间断噪声对信号分解的影响;在特征参数提取部分对乘积函数分量进行Hilbert变换,然后进行特征参数提取,以实现在全部取值范围内提取特征参数。仿真及测试结果表明,该方法对轴承故障信号分解和特征参数提取的效果较好,对轴承内外圈故障诊断的准确性较高。     

机械传动电机轴承故障信号诊断仿真研究

传统经验模态分解(EMD)存在模态混叠,难以充分提取故障特征,原始支持向量机(SVM)、相关向量机(RVM)诊断方法核函数存在选取不灵活、结构复杂导致识别效率低的问题,提出了一种结合变分模态分解(VMD)样本熵和混合布谷鸟改进M-RVM的机械传动电机轴承故障诊断新方法。首先,对故障信号进行VMD分解得到多个子序列;然后,筛选其中的有效分量提取样本熵组成故障特征向量;最后,将特征向量输入基于混合布谷鸟算法优化的M-RVM故障诊断模型,达到对电机运行状态准确识别的目的。仿真结果表明,所提方法实现了电机轴承故障状态的准确诊断。与传统分析诊断方法相比,该方法轴承故障识别诊断性能得到提高,对实际工程应用具有重大意义。     

基于HGWO-MSVM的采煤机滚动轴承故障诊断方法

针对采煤机滚动轴承故障特征向量提取较困难、多分类效果不理想等问题,提出了基于HGWOMSVM的采煤机轴承故障诊断方法。对轴承故障信号进行小波降噪处理,利用经验模态分解算法对降噪后信号进行分解,并提取能量特征值,作为MSVM的训练集和测试集。采用MSVM进行故障状态识别,并用HGWO算法对MSVM的参数进行优化。试验结果表明,相比于GWO、GA和PSO优化MSVM模型,基于HGWO-MSVM的采煤机轴承故障诊断模型可明显提高故障识别精度和效率。     

基于小波包分解和EMD-SVM的轴承故障诊断方法

针对轴承振动信号具有的非平稳和故障诊断样本数据难以按需获取的问题,设计了一种基于小波包分解和EMD SVM的故障诊断方法;首先,采用Mallat塔式算法对信号进行降噪,实现信号的小波分解,获得重构后的故障诊断子频带信号;然后,在经典的EMD算法的基础上定义了改进的EMD算法,采用改进的EMD算法对经过小波包降噪的故障诊断子频带信号进行特征提取,从而获得故障诊断特征向量;最后,采用适合小样本分类的SVM进行故障诊断,将经过小波包降噪和EMD特征提取的样本数据用于训练SVM,得到用于故障诊断的多个二分类SVM故障诊断模型,通过投票机制来确定样本数据最终对应的故障诊断类别:在Matlab环境下对轴承故障诊断进行实验,实验结果证明了文中基于小波包和EMD-SVM的方法一种适用于小样本的故障诊断方法,且与其它方法相比,具有诊断效率高和精度高的优点.     

基于改进EEMD和HMM的采煤机摇臂轴承故障诊断

提出一种基于改进集成经验模态分解与隐马尔科夫模型的采煤机摇臂轴承故障诊断方法,利用基于极值点对称延拓和余弦窗函数的改进方法,减少端点效应对分解结果的影响,从而提高了信号分解的精度;然后提取每层本征模态函数的能量熵作为隐马尔科夫模型的输入特征向量,进行故障模式识别。实验结果表明,该方法对轴承故障类型的识别率达90%以上,实现了采煤机摇臂轴承故障的准确诊断。     

基于MRSVD和VPMCD的轴承故障智能诊断方法研究

针对轴承早期微弱故障特征信息易被噪声掩盖和现实中难以获得大量典型故障样本的实际情况,提出了基于多分辨奇异值分解（Multi-Resolution Singular Value Decomposition,MRSVD）和变量预测模型模式识别（Variable Predictive Model based Class Discriminate,VPMCD）的轴承故障智能诊断方法。利用MRSVD对轴承加速度振动信号进行多层分解,提取包含故障特征的细节信息,建立对数正态分布模型,凸显细节信息中的非高斯特性,计算对数均值和对数标准差构造特征向量,并采用VPMCD方法进行故障识别。将该方法应用于实际轴承外圈、内圈、滚动体局部微弱故障状态下的故障诊断,结果显示：故障识别精度达到98.75%,证明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

矿用带式输送机齿轮箱混合故障诊断研究

针对基于振动信号分析的矿用带式输送机齿轮箱故障诊断方法存在不易处理混合故障信号的问题,提出了一种基于自组织映射网络的矿用带式输送机齿轮箱混合故障诊断方法。采用融入Shannon熵的小波阈值去噪方法对矿用带式输送机齿轮箱的标准多故障样本进行预处理,对预处理后的标准多故障样本建立高斯混合分布模型后,采用最大期望算法进行模型的参数估计,得到相应特征向量并输入自组织映射网络,自组织映射网络对不同混合故障类型的故障信号进行聚类和识别,从而判断故障类别。实验结果表明,该方法能有效诊断出矿用带式输送机齿轮箱的多故障混合信号对应的故障类别,整体诊断准确率为88%,在6种工况下诊断准确率为100%,为矿山机电设备的齿轮箱故障诊断提供了一种新方法。     

基于IMF聚合与SVD的城轨车辆牵引电机轴承故障诊断

为有效提取城市轨道车辆牵引电机轴承的故障特征,提出一种基于本征模式分量(IMF)聚合与奇异值分解(SVD)相结合的轴承故障诊断方法.该方法首先运用经验模式分解(EMD)将原始振动信号分解成一系列本征模式分量;其次在利用皮尔逊积矩法进行本征模式分量的筛选后将剩余的分量聚合重构,再将重构信号运用奇异值分解降噪;最后对降噪信号进行Hilbert谱分析,实现轴承故障特征向量的提取.城市轨道车辆牵引电机轴承实测数据的分析结果表明该方法能够有效提取故障特征信号,对轴承故障进行有效的诊断.     

K值优化的VMD在轴承故障诊断中的应用

由于机械设备实际运行状态下环境噪声的影响,轴承早期非平稳振动信号的故障特征难以有效提取。为此,将K值优化的变分模态分解引入轴承的早期故障诊断方法中。首先利用小波包降噪法对轴承实际振动信号进行降噪;然后利用K值优化的VMD算法,通过合理设置参数K,将降噪信号分解为若干本征模态分量,利用峭度值选取最佳分量;最后提取最佳分量的样本熵和排列熵组成特征向量,利用模糊C聚类识别轴承的故障类型。实验结果表明,该方法避免了信号的过分解,能有效提取振动信号特征,实现轴承的早期故障诊断。     

基于二次奇异值分解和VPMCD的故障诊断方法

奇异值分解( SVD)在信号分析时需限定主特征值的数量,影响了故障识别的准确性。为此,提出一种新的故障诊断方法。利用奇异值曲率谱自适应选择有效的奇异值进行信号重构,对重构信号实现二次SVD处理,产生相同数量的正交分量,然后求解各正交分量的能量矩,构造特征向量,并采用变量预测模型的分类识别方法分析特征向量,从而建立故障识别模型。将该方法应用于实际轴承的故障诊断,实验结果表明,轴承在正常和故障状态下,该方法的综合识别精度达到97.5%,高于常规基于SVD和支持向量机的方法8.75%。     

Intelligent fault diagnosis in microprocessor systems for vibration analysis in roller bearings in whirlpool turbine generators real time processor applications

Large steam turbines used for electrical power generation demand governing systems of very high integrity (safety) and availability. The latest generation of electronic governors uses microprocessors in a distributed, two level architecture to achieve the required integrity and availability and in addition provides greater configuration flexibilities and wider facilities than earlier governors. Rolling element bearings are one of the major machinery components used in industries like power plants, chemical plants and automotive industries that require precise and efficient performance. Vibration monitoring and analysis is useful tool in the field of predictive maintenance in small hydro electric power plants. Health of rolling element bearings can be easily identified using vibration monitoring because vibration signature reveals important information about the fault development within them. Numbers of vibration analysis techniques are being used to diagnosis of rolling element bearings faults. This paper proposes a new signal feature extraction and fault diagnosis method for fault diagnosis of low-speed machinery. Initially, the proposed work explores the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) to adaptively remove the exact noises from vibration analysis and then feature extraction is performed by exploiting the noise removed pre-processed data. Statistic filter (SF) and Hilbert transform (HT) are combined with moving-peak-hold method (M-PH) to extract features of a fault signal, and Special bearing diagnostic symptom parameters (SSPs) in a frequency domain that are sensitive to bearing fault diagnosis are defined to recognize fault types. The SF is first used to adaptively cancel noises, and then fault detection is performed by exploiting the optimum symptom parameters in a time domain to identify a normal or fault state. For precise diagnosis, the SSPs are calculated after the signals are processed by M-PH and HT.     

An application to transient current signal based induction motor fault diagnosis of Fourier–Bessel expansion and simplified fuzzy ARTMAP

The start-up transient signals have been widely used for fault diagnosis of induction motor because they can reveal early defects in the development process, which are not easily detected with the signals in the steady state operation. However, transient signals are non-linear and contain multi components which need a suitable technique to process and identify the fault pattern. In this paper, the fault diagnosis problem of induction motor is conducted by a data driven framework where the Fourier–Bessel (FB) expansion is used as a tool to decompose transient current signal into series of single components. For each component, the statistical features in the time and the frequency domains are extracted to represent the characteristics of motor condition. The high dimensionality of the feature set is solved by generalized discriminant analysis (GDA) implementation to decrease the computational complexity of classification. In the meantime, with the aid of GDA, the separation of the feature clusters is increased, which enables the more classification accuracy to be achieved. Finally, the reduced dimensional features are used for classifier to perform the fault diagnosis results. The classifier used in this framework is the simplified fuzzy ARTMAP (SFAM) which belongs to a special class of neural networks (NNs) and provides a lower training time in comparison to other traditional NNs. The proposed framework is validated with transient current signals from an induction motor under different conditions including bowed rotor, broken rotor bar, eccentricity, faulty bearing, mass unbalance and phase unbalance. Additionally, this paper provides the comparative performance of (i) SFAM and support vector machine (SVM), (ii) SVM in the framework and SVM combined with wavelet transform in previous studies, (iii) the use of FB decomposition and Hilbert transform decomposition. The results show that the proposed diagnosis framework is capable of significantly improving the classification accuracy.     

变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关域微弱故障特征增强与提取

滚动轴承是旋转机械常用且故障率较高的部件之一,其故障的及时发现,对于设备安全、稳定运行具有重要意义。滚动轴承的早期故障特征十分微弱,容易被强背景噪声干扰所掩盖。同时,滚动轴承往往在变转速工况下运行,故障特征的时变特性导致特征提取较为困难。针对上述问题,提出一种变转速下滚动轴承的阶频谱相关(OFSC)域微弱故障特征增强与提取方法。首先,利用变转速下滚动轴承故障信号的角度时间域循环平稳特性,将故障信号转换到阶频谱相关域。然后,采用鲁棒主成分分析(RPCA)的低秩稀疏分解方法,将轴承振动信号的阶频谱相关矩阵分解为表征轴承故障特征的稀疏成分,并去除表征噪声的低秩成分,进一步提高稀疏分量的分辨率。最后对分解出的稀疏分量构建增强包络阶次谱(EEOS)来检测滚动轴承的故障特征。仿真和实验分析验证了该方法对于变转速工况轴承微弱故障特征增强和提取的有效性和鲁棒性。     

敏感SVD和EEMD的故障诊断方法研究

在噪声干扰下有效提取振动信号所包含的微弱故障特征,是轴承故障诊断的关键问题,提出了一种基于敏感奇异值分解(SSVD)和总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)的故障诊断方法.对时域振动信号进行敏感SVD分析,通过敏感因子选择反映故障冲击特征的敏感SVD分量,并利用定位因子定位分量信号所对应奇异值进行振动信号重构,以滤除噪声干扰;对降噪信号进行EEMD,根据峭度准则选取故障信息丰富的敏感固有模态分量(IMF),有效提取局部微弱故障信息;利用Teager-Kaiser能量算子(TKEO)计算故障信息的瞬时能量,并对其进行频谱分析,获取故障特征频率,以识别故障类型.方法应用于轴承故障诊断,实验证明了所提方法的有效性.     

A joint sparse wavelet coefficient extraction and adaptive noise reduction method in recovery of weak bearing fault features from a multi-component signal mixture

Rolling element bearings are widely used to support rotating components of a machine. Due to close space locations of components in the machine, a vibration signal caused by bearing localized defects is easily overwhelmed by other strong vibration signals. Extracting the bearing fault signal from a multi-component signal mixture is thus significant to detect early bearing fault features and prevent machine breakdown. In this paper, a bearing fault diagnosis method, named cyclic spike detection method, is proposed to extract the weak bearing fault features from a multi-component signal mixture. Firstly, the optimal center frequency and bandwidth of a complex Morlet wavelet filter are determined by a simplex-simulated annealing algorithm along with a maximum sparsity objective function. The filtered signal is then obtained by applying the optimal wavelet filter to the multi-component signal mixture. After that, a new adaptive local maximum selection method is proposed to make the filtered signal succinct. Only a few spikes are retained to reveal potential cyclic intervals caused by bearing localized defects. Two multi-component signal mixtures, including a simulated signal and a real vibration signal collected from an industrial machine, are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed cyclic spike detection method. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can extract the weak bearing fault features from other strong masking vibration signals and noise.     

Partial ensemble approach to resolve the mode mixing of extreme-point weighted mode decomposition

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an effective tool for breaking down components (modes) of a nonlinear and non-stationary signal. Recently, a newly adaptive signal decomposition method, namely extreme-point weighted mode decomposition (EWMD), was put forward to improve the performance of EMD, in particular, to resolve the over- or undershooting issue associated with the large amplitude variations. However, similar to EMD, EWMD also suffers the mode mixing problem caused by intermittence or noisy signals. In this paper, inspired by complementary ensemble EMD (CEEMD), a noise-assisted data analysis method called partial ensemble extreme-point weighted mode decomposition (PEEWMD) is proposed to eliminate the mode mixing problem and enhance the performance of EWMD. In the proposed PEEWMD method, firstly white noises in pairs are added to the targeted signal and then the noisy signals are decomposed using the EWMD method to obtain the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) in the first several stages. Secondly, permutation entropy is employed to detect the components that cause mode mixing. The residual signal is obtained after the identified components are separated from the original signal. Lastly, the residual signal is fully decomposed by using the EWMD method. The proposed PEEWMD method is compared with original EWMD, ensemble EWMD (EEWMD) and CEEMD using simulated signals. The results demonstrate that PEEWMD can effectively restrain the mode mixing issue and generates IMFs with much better performance. Based on that the PEEWMD and envelope power spectrum based fault diagnosis method was proposed and applied to the rubbing fault identification of rotor system and the fault diagnosis of rolling bearing with inner race. The result indicates that the proposed method of fault diagnosis gets much better effect than EMD and EWMD.     

基于1D-CNN联合特征提取的轴承健康监测与故障诊断

针对特定机械设备构建数据驱动的故障诊断模型缺乏泛化能力,而轴承作为各型机械的共有核心部件,对其健康状态的判定对不同机械的衍生故障分析具有普适性意义.本文提出了一种基于1D-CNN联合特征提取的轴承健康监测与故障诊断算法.算法首先对轴承原始振动信号进行分区裁剪,裁剪获得的信号分区作为特征学习空间并行输入1D-CNN中,以提取各工况下的代表性特征域.为避免对故障重叠信息的处理,优先使用对健康状态敏感的特征域构建轴承健康状态判别模型,若健康状态判别模型识别轴承未处于健康状态,特征域将与原始信号联合重构,通过耦合自动编码器开展故障模式判定.使用凯斯西储大学的轴承数据开展实验,结果表明本文提出算法继承了深层学习模型的准确性和鲁棒性,具有较高的故障诊断精度和较低的诊断时延.     

基于图卷积网络的迁移学习轴承服役故障诊断

深度学习方法被广泛应用于轴承故障诊断,但在实际工程应用中,轴承服役期间的真实服役故障数据不易收集,缺乏数据标签,难以进行充分的训练。针对轴承服役故障诊断困难的问题,提出了一种基于图卷积网络（GCN）的迁移学习轴承服役故障诊断模型。该模型从数据充足的人工模拟损伤故障数据中学习故障知识,并迁移到真实的服役故障上,以提高服役故障的诊断准确率。具体来说,通过将人工模拟损伤故障数据和服役故障数据的原始振动信号由小波变换转换为同时具有时间和频率信息的时频图,并将得到的时频图输入到图卷积层中进行学习,从而有效地提取源域和目标域的故障特征表示;然后计算源域和目标域的数据分布之间的Wasserstein距离来度量两个数据分布之间的差异,通过最小化数据分布差异,构建了一个能诊断轴承服役故障的故障诊断模型。在不同的轴承故障数据集和不同工作条件下设计了多种不同的任务进行实验,实验结果表明,该模型具有诊断轴承服役故障的能力,同时也能从一个工作条件迁移到另一工作条件,在不同组件类型和不同工作条件之间进行故障诊断。     

Bearing fault diagnosis based on combined multi-scale weighted entropy morphological filtering and bi-LSTM

With the development of industry and technology, mechanical systems’ safety has strong relations with the diagnosis of bearing faults. Accurate fault diagnosis is essential for the safe and stable operation of rotating machinery. Most former research depends too much on the fault signal specificity and learning model’s choices. To overcome the disadvantages of lacking intrinsic mode function (IMF) modal aliasing, low degree of discrimination between data of different fault types, high computational complexity. This paper proposes a method that combines multi-scale weighted entropy morphological filtering (MWEMF) signal processing and bidirectional long-short term memory neural networks (Bi-LSTM). The developed rolling bearing fault diagnosis strategy is then implemented to different databases and potential models to demonstrate the greatly improved system’s ability to reconstruct the time-to-frequency domain characteristics of fault signature signals and reduce learning cost. After verification, the classification accuracy of the proposed model reaches 99%.

     

基于SVD-AR模型与VPMCD的轴承故障诊断方法

针对强噪声背景下振动信号故障特征难以提取的问题,提出了基于奇异值分解的自回归(SVD-AR)模型,用于提取振动信号的特征,并与变量预测模型模式识别(VPMCD)方法相结合应用于轴承故障诊断.对轴承振动信号进行SVD;然后,利用奇异值差分谱对分量信号进行筛选,对能够反映故障信息的分量信号建立AR模型,提取轴承振动信号的特征信息;采用VPMCD对滚动轴承运行状态进行识别.实验证明了方法的合理性和有效性.