非结构化P2P网络中基于连接度的分段搜索策略

洪泛机制由于其简单性而被广泛应用于目前的非结构化P2P文件共享系统中,尽管它在内容搜索方面有很高的效率,但同时产生了大量的冗余消息,严重制约了网络的可扩展性。现有的改进搜索策略虽然减少了冗余消息的数量,但也明显降低了消息的覆盖范围。为了能够在保持高覆盖范围的前提下减少冗余消息的数量,提出了一种新的基于连接度的分段搜索策略DSearch。DSearch把搜索过程分为两个阶段,各个阶段中使用函数来控制消息转发的数量,然后依据邻居节点的连接度大小来选择消息的转发对象。分析和实验结果表明,DSearch能够提供较低负载的查询,高效地应用于P2P搜索。     

GPTS:Gnutella网络中的GPath-Tree搜索

在分析Gnutella网络搜索机制的基础上,提出了GPath-Tree搜索(GPTS)方法,以减少洪泛式搜索产生的大量冗余消息,降低网络代价.仿真实验表明,GPTS在搜索性能上优于标准洪泛式搜索,该搜索方法是合理有效的.     

非结构P2P网络受限搜索机制

降低搜索过程中产生的大量网络开销,是非结构P2P 网络重点研究内容之一.泛洪算法和随机查找算法简单且易于实现,但其在搜索过程中产生的大量冗余消息是造成大量网络开销的主要原因.针对这一问题,提出一种受限搜索机制(restricted forward search algorithm,简称RFSA),定义了搜索路径和冗余搜索路径,引入本地消息索引缓存机制,通过节点对消息的受限接收,消除节点对消息的重复接收与转发;利用搜索过程中携带的实时搜索路径信息,选择未出现在搜索路径中的邻居节点对消息进行转发,消除冗余搜索路径的产生.从理论上分析了RFSA 所产生的消息数目和网络开销.模拟实验分别从网络开销、查询点击率、搜索覆盖率和产生的冗余消息数目等方面对受限机制下和非受限机制下的泛洪算法和随机查找算法进行了对比分析,结果表明,在搜索覆盖率和查询点击率基本相同的情况下,受限机制下的泛洪算法和随机查找算法能够减少大量冗余消息的产生,降低了网络开销.     

基于子树间快捷连接的非结构化P2P资源搜索方法

通过对非结构化P2P网络资源搜索方法的研究,提出了一种P2P覆盖网络。网络采用多路平衡树形拓扑结构,当新节点加入时在其与根节点的各子树间创建仅参与查询消息第一跳转发的快捷连接,搜索过程中利用快捷连接实现查询消息在根的各子树间并行转发并且不依赖根节点。仿真比较了所提网络同Gnutella和随机漫步网络的性能,所提网络具有低消息冗余率、高搜索成功率和较低的平均搜索时间复杂度。分析结果表明所提网络在资源搜索方面是高效可行的。     

对等网络中基于连接度优化的谣传协议

谣言传播算法随机选择邻居节点转发消息,降低了消息的覆盖范围。根据Gnutella网络的小世界及幂规律特性,提出基于连接度优化的dbRM改进协议。dbRM在搜索的不同阶段,依据连接度大小来选择消息的转发对象,跳数较低时优先选择连接度大的节点,以保证查询有一个必需的覆盖范围,且有助于消息快速到达目标节点,跳数较高时优先选择连接度小的节点,以尽量降低冗余消息的数量,从而在保持高覆盖率的同时尽量减少冗余消息的开销。分析和实验结果表明,dbRM能够提供较低负载的查询,高效应用于P2P搜索。     

D Flooding: 非结构化P2P网络中高效搜索策略*

为了能够在保持高覆盖范围的前提下大大减少冗余消息的数量,提出了一种新的基于连接度的搜索机制DFlooding。DFlooding在搜索的不同阶段,依据连接度大小来选择消息的转发对象。分析和实验结果表明,DFlooding能够提供较低负载的查询,高效地应用于P2P搜索。与标准洪泛机制相比,在跳数不变的情况下,冗余消息的数量可减少84.5%以上,而消息的覆盖范围基本不变。     

D-Flooding：非结构化P2P网络中高效搜索策略

为了能够在保持高覆盖范围的前提下大大减少冗余消息的数量,提出了一种新的基于连接度的搜索机制D-Flooding。D-Flooding在搜索的不同阶段,依据连接度大小来选择消息的转发对象。分析和实验结果表明,D-Flooding能够提供较低负载的查询,高效地应用于P2P搜索。与标准洪泛机制相比,在跳数不变的情况下,冗余消息的数量可减少84.5%以上,而消息的覆盖范围基本不变。     

基于稠密P2P网络搜索机制的研究

计算机对等联网(Peer-to-Peer Network,P2P)技术是目前新一代网络技术研究的活跃领域,而P2P网络中文件搜索机制的研究是P2P网络技术研究的重要环节。文章着重介绍了P2P网络的几种系统结构以及相应的文件搜索机制,分析了他们的优缺点,并在其基础上提出了一种高效的适合于当前P2P网络的文件搜索机制——部分最小洪泛搜索(PartialMinFlood)。经分析和试验结果表明:该机制能够大大减少网络中的冗余消息,而消息的传播范围基本保持不变(和标准洪泛搜索时的相同),能够有效地提高P2P网络的扩展性。     

基于反馈的非结构化P2P网络混合搜索算法*

为了提高P2P网络搜索效率和有效地减少冗余消息,提出一种基于反馈的混合搜索算法,将查询消息在某些高度数节点处转发给多个邻居节点而在其他节点处只转发给一个邻居节点,并且在搜索过程中利用先前搜索的反馈信息来指导搜索,以选择能够返回最多最近响应结果的邻居节点转发消息.算法分析和实验结果表明,该算法不仅实现了较高的成功率、响应率和搜索效率,还能有效地减少冗余消息,并且具有良好的自适应能力,能快速适应不断变化的网络行为.     

P2P资源智能查询策略的研究与设计

提高资源搜索效率、提高网络的扩展性一直是P2P网络的关键技术问题。在分析现有的P2P网络资源搜索的算法及其存在的问题的基础上,作者提出并设计了一种基于最近Query消息查询记录表、本地资源推荐路由表相结合的智能查询策略。能在保持原有搜索覆盖率的前提下,提高网络资源搜索效率,减少Query冗余信息,提高了网络的扩展性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate