基于本体的语义网检索模型及关键技术研究

为解决传统的基于题,构建了一个基于本体的语义网检索模型.提出了一种领域本体库和应用本体库的构建方法,给出了查询本体的生成以及相似本体匹配推理的方法,实现了以该模型为基础的试验性检索系统.实验结果表明,该模型能够进行本体的语义推理,在一定程度上增强信息检索系统的语义处理能力,检索效率得到了改善.     

基于多级索引的前向语义数据流推理

语义数据流推理需要对实时高速的RDF数据进行高效推理.针对目前语义数据流处理中推理效率低、查询延迟高等难题,提出一种基于多级索引的前向实时推理机制.基于规则依赖建立推理规则触发顺序;针对开销最大的传递规则进行优化;构建基于传递规则的结果集子图索引;建立基于变量位置的三元组索引消除中间结果;通过查询条件依赖关系进行连接操...     

基于领域本体的语义合成研究

为了在检索过程中全面挖掘用户查询信息,文中提出了一种基于领域本体的语义合成技术,该方法以文本为数据源,引用数据源和领域本体之间的映射关系来表达数据文本的语义.文章提出了一个语义合成模型,该模型由领域本体、关键词语义抽取、概念语义相似度计算及语义推理等相关技术模型组成.文中对该模型进行了实验验证,通过对实验结果进行分析推理可知,文中提出的基于领域本体的语义合成模型提高了检索系统的查准率和计算机处理信息的能力,从而也提高了用户的满意度.     

一种利用模糊关系数据库构建模糊OWL本体的方法

经典OWL本体不能直接表示和处理语义Web应用中广泛存在的模糊知识,鉴于模糊关系数据库在模糊数据表示与处理方面的优势,提出利用模糊关系数据库来构建模糊OWL本体.通过对RDF数据类型进行模糊扩展,并从模糊数据类型角度扩展OWL,解决了模糊OWL本体的表示问题;在此基础上,研究了以模糊关系数据库为数据源的模糊OWL本体的构建方法,该方法为语义Web中模糊本体的构建提供了一个有效的解决方案.     

基于知识表示学习的实时语义数据流推理

传统的语义数据流推理使用前向或后向链式推理产生确定性的答案,但是在复杂的传递规则推理中效率不高,无法满足实时数据流处理场景对答案的及时性要求。因此,提出一种基于联合嵌入模型的知识表示方法,并应用于语义数据流处理中。将规则与事实三元组联合嵌入并利用深度学习模型进行训练,在推理阶段,根据查询中涉及的规则建立推理模板,利用深度学习模型对推理模板产生的三元组进行预测和分类,将结果作为查询和推理答案输出。实验表明,对于复杂规则推理,基于知识表示学习的实时语义数据流推理能够在保障较好推理准确性和命中率的前提下有效地降低延迟。     

采用RDF的查询扩展研究

由于传统的P2P查询处理将用户查询作为独立的关键字对待,只考虑其字面符号意义而不考虑其语义。因此,用户的查询需求往往得不到真实的体现。基于本体的P2P资源匹配使用本体对网络资源进行了描述,在很大程度上反映了资源的语义,然而仍需要对查询请求进行语义扩展才适合在资源的本体中进行查询处理。使用RDF三元组描述用户请求,并扩展其语义表达能力,分析本体中概念间的上下位关系,对查询请求进行语义扩展,扩展后的查询适合于利用本体进行查询匹配。分析表明,这种扩展是有效的合理的。     

基于本体的领域自动问答系统研究

由于传统信息检索返回的结果难以充分理解用户的问题语义,因此以医学领域本体为例,提出一种具有语义推理的自动问答系统。系统在领域知识本体上,通过链式索引结构抽取问题对应在领域知识本体中的命名实体。为理解问题的语义层次,通过改进CFN汉语框架网结构,给出从领域知识本体直接生成能理解问题语义的QFN问题框架本体的映射算法。运用QFN将自然语言问题转化成RDF三元组结构,自动生成问题对应的SPARQL查询语句,同时调用Jena推理机完成语义推理查询在知识本体中查找并给出问题的相关回答。实验结果表明,该方法相比传统的信息检索,可以理解问题表达语义并给出与问题语义相关度高的答案。     

结构与语用特征相结合的SWoT本体摘要方法

针对语义物联网本体不利于用户理解,涵盖的内容过于宽泛等问题,提出了一种将结构特征与语用特征相结合的摘要方法。该方法以RDF语句作为本体摘要的基本单元,通过创建一个二分图模型来表征本体。每个RDF语句的重要度是它的结构重要度与语用重要度的线性总和,在重排序算法下抽取重要度高的RDF语句形成摘要,用户可以设定摘要长度。通过建立本体摘要原型系统进行实验,实验结果表明,该摘要方法能够为用户提供满足其偏好的最优摘要本体,利于用户理解本体,不但方便了语义物联网语义协同过程中对本体的相关操作,而且可以提高基于本体的信息检索的查准率。     

语义Web上本体与智能信息Agent的集成研究

该文介绍了语义Web新技术,它可以为处理Web信息的智能应用程序提供帮助。文中描述了语义Web的层次结构及其支持语义Web的基础技术如RDF(资源描述框架)和本体(Ontology)等,文章表明,Agent技术与本体的集成会扩展程序能力,更有效地为用户执行任务而较少需要人的干预,也会对Web服务的使用产生重大影响。文中介绍了本体与智能信息Agent结合的应用实例,为用户搜索Web上的服务提供帮助。     

智能空间环境下基于本体的机器人服务自主认知及规划

为了提高机器人服务的自主性,针对动态家庭环境提出基于本体的机器人服务自主认知及规划方法.首先,利用本体技术为智能空间系统建立本体模型,并通过构建语义规则的方法,建立以用户为中心自适应调整的数据-概念转换机制,实现智能空间信息的整合.在此基础上,建立服务任务推理规则库对本体模型进行扩展,通过匹配实时更新的智能空间本体与规则库中的知识,推理出机器人需要执行的服务序列,实现机器人对用户所需服务的自主认知.最后,利用分层任务网络的思想,在JSHOP2规划器上实现服务任务的具体规划.智能空间环境下的任务执行实验结果表明,利用该方法服务机器人能够根据环境信息和用户信息实现对任务的自主认知,进而主动地为用户提供个性化的服务,其服务的智能化水平得以显著提高.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate