制造网格的工作流管理研究

为了实现制造网格平台中业务流程的构建、执行和管理监控,研究了制造网格中工作流管理的体系架构并对传统的工作流模型进行了扩充,设计了制造网格平台下的工作流模型。     

分布式制造项目管理研究与实现

在分析分布式制造特点的基础上，给出了分布式制造项目管理的内涵，从整个分布式制造的全生命周期出发，建立了分布式制造项目管理的层次模型，提出了项目管理定义层、计划调度层、执行监控层和信息基础层的参考框架，给出了一种基于Web组件的分布式制造项目管理体系结构与实现原型。     

基于本体语义的制造网格构建机理研究*

针对制造资源共享和协同制造的困难,提出了基于本体语义的制造网格系统的构建思路。首先定义了制造网格服务模型,以及制造网格环境中资源封装和运行管理的基本单元——制造服务域;然后提出了基于本体语义的制造网格的体系结构及其关键问题;最后详细分析了制造网格服务响应流程中基于本体语义的服务发现、制造服务域的构造以及制造网格服务的完成等活动的执行过程。     

制造网格及其体系结构与关键技术

通过分析网格相关技术、制造网格国内外研究现状,对制造网格和网络化制造若干方面进行了对比,提出了制造网格的内涵,并对其在狭义和广义两个方面进行了详细阐述,进而提出狭义制造网格体系结构,指明了其中若干关键问题;论述了基于制造网格的三类制造资源的获取、集成和共享的原理和方法.最后指出了制造网格当前研究存在的问题.     

快速制造网格中服务注册与发现

通过分析网络化制造存在的缺陷，以及网格技术的主要功能和特点，提出了快速制造网格(RMG)的概念，并以OGSI网格平台和WS—Inspection规范为基础，在RMG中实现了快速制造服务的封装、远程服务注册、以及分布式快速制造服务发现(RMSD)，解决了制约网格技术向制造业推广的瓶颈。     

制造网格任务分解规则、方法及应用研究

为了实现制造网格的资源共享与协同工作,制造网格任务需要拆分成若干设计、制造、装配等多种类型的子任务（活动）的形式,以便于多个服务节点、多方面人员进行协作完成。分析了制造网格任务分解的基本特点,提出了一种基于QoS的制造网格任务分解规则,在此基础上,提出了制造网格任务分解的基本方法和步骤,最后,通过应用实例说明了该规则和方法的有效性和可行性。     

制造网格及其关键技术

实现网络化、全球化、虚拟化，达到资源共享、协同设计、快速制造是网络化制造追求的最终目标，而网格技术的发展满足了此需求。本文通过把网格技术引入到制造业，深入分析了制造网格的体系结构，详细解析了制造网格的工作过程。同时，对制造网格服务点建设、制造网格服务注册与发现、制造网格任务调度三大关键问题进行深入分析，解决了网格技术向制造业推广的瓶颈问题。     

制造网格中QoS管理的研究

为了将制造网格技术应用到实际中去，为分布异地的制造企业提供资源共享和协同工作的平台，根据制造业的实际情况，以贯穿整个产品生产过程的产品质量控制为依据，把生产过程中对产品质量的要求延伸为对服务质量的要求，将服务质量的理念和管理方法引入制造网格中，建立制造网格服务质量管理（MG－QoS）系统，提出了一种基于QoS管理的制造网格实际应用的初步解决方案。     

制造网格中的QoS管理

制造网格中的QoS管理不同于网格应用在其他领域中的QoS管理,它与制造业本身的质量管理也存在本质区别。该文基于网格思想,根据制造业的实际情况,进行贯穿整个产品生命周期的质量控制,建立制造网格中的QoS管理体系模式和系统结构,并分析了制造网格中QoS管理与其他主要功能模块间的关系。     

制造网格中制造资源描述机制研究

为实现资源共享和协同工作,制造业对公共技术及服务平台的需求越来越强烈。将网格技术运用到制造业领域,提出了制造网格的概念。基于本体的知识集成方法,改变原有数据库集成中使用中间代理、软件接口等技术所造成的语义信息不清、信息丢失等缺陷,为企业实现制造资源共享和集成提供了解决方法和理论依据。     

Adaptation of jit phylosophy and kanban technique to a small-sized manufacturing firm; a project management approach

In this study, a project management approach is used, in order to implement some elements of the Just-In-time philosophy to a small-sized manufacturing firm. The objective of this applied research was to overcome some of the problems that most of small firms are facing when implementing JIT, such problems are: lack of materials and human resources, high employees turnover, lack of influence over suppliers, etc. In order to overcome those obstacles, a project management approach was used. As a result of this project, productivity and quality went up, and lead time went down from six to less then two months.     

虚拟企业环境下项目任务分解和进度控制策略

分析了在虚拟企业（VE）环境下项目管理的特点及其过程模型，给出了一种适合虚拟企业运营特点，提高项目分解效率的项目任务分解法；同时将项目管理与WfMS相结合，提出一种过程框架的方法来解决VE运营过程中任务的集中和分布控制问题。     

The mechanisms of project management of software development

The changing environments of software development such as component-based, distributed and outsourced software development require matching changes by project managers to monitor, control and coordinate their projects. While the objectives of project management may be well established, the mechanisms with which those objectives are achieved are less well known. An empirical study was undertaken to investigate which mechanisms were used by practising project managers to monitor, control and coordinate software development projects.First, the types of mechanisms are discussed so that the mechanisms can be classified usefully. Then, the design of the empirical study is described. The data were collected through structured interview, which provided both quantitative and qualitative data. The data are analysed for each mechanism separately and the findings presented. The study found that project managers use multiple mechanisms to achieve project management objectives and use the same mechanism to serve multiple objectives. Further research is suggested to investigate project management from the opposite orientation, that is, which objectives are served by specific project management mechanisms.     

软件开发项目中的风险管理和危机管理

风险管理和危机管理是软件开发项目管理中两个重要的方面，风险管理是预测、控制和管理项目风险，而危机管理则是应对项目的突发问题，他们是项目成功的有效保障。本文重点讨论了风险和危机产生的原因，以及风险和危机的管理方法。     

Decision support in computer-integrated manufacturing

This is a survey paper that addresses the issue of decision support in computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM). Since the complexity of the decision making process in manufacturing stems from the multilevel nature of the planning hierarchy, we emphasize the importance of adopting an integrated view of the planning hierarchy. We provide a framework for the development of a DSS for integrated manufacturing control that emphasizes a systems approach. Besides we consider some of the architectural aspects of a DSS in CIM. In particular, the specific architectural aspects of the management of data in CIM have been discussed at length.     

Human-computer interaction in manufacturing

The introduction of computers into the manufacturing environment has resulted in a significant impact on productivity and quality of manufactured products. Computers in manufacturing can be used to perform information processing, to control and monitor the manufacturing process, and to support the production operations in the plant. The use of computers does not, by itself, improve or degrade the skill levels required by operators. This is, in fact, a management function. Managers, product designers, and manufacturing personnel make choices to determine how machines and people will interact. When applied in the proper environment, computer-integrated manufacturing systems will increase machine utilization, reduce production cost, and improve productivity. The effective use of computers in manufacturing can be achieved by defining three major needs: manufacturing education, training, and research and development. This paper will study the elements of human-computer interactive systems and define requirements for proper use of computers in manufacturing.     

通信工程项目的集成化管理之我见

通信工程项目的管理应以项目管理为核心,以控制项目进度为目的,并合理控制项目预算和物资的库存,对项目进行全方位的管理。传统项目管理模式人为地将项目管理割裂为相互独立的几个阶段,导致许多难以克服的弊端,例如：信息的沟通渠道不畅通;数据的管理工作无法统一,容易造成资源浪费等。把通信工程项目管理的传统管理模式过渡到工程项目管理的深层影响因素上来,下文尝试通过对集成理论的引入,来研究通信工程项目管理理论。     

Shop floor control using the tactical ratio and monitoring system

In the fall of 1979, a decision was made by a manufacturing group steering committee to develop a system of shop floor control that recognized the reality of doing business in a practical rather than a theoretical way.A system was required that was capable of handling the management of work-in-process lots—as one group executive vice-president put it—“in the trenches”.Typical problems had to be dealt with in the system, such as additions, cancellations, pull ups, push outs, customer emergencies, delivery dates, short lead times, etc.The initial approach was to investigate the many software packages available on the market. A team of three manufacturing and data processing representatives was formed to undertake the search. After months of analysis and reviews, the conclusion was reached that a commercial system was not available to deal with the myriad of problems encountered everyday in shop floor control. As a result, the decision was made to develop an in-house system.     

A fuzzy-decision-tree approach for manufacturing technology selection exploiting experience-based information

Manufacturing technology selection is traditionally a human-driven approach where the trade-off of alternative manufacturing investments is steered by a group of experts. The problem is a semi-structured and subjective-based decision practice influenced by the experience and intuitive feeling of the decision-makers involved. This paper presents a distinct experience-based decision support system that uses factual information of historical decisions to calculate confidence factors for the successful adoption of potential technologies for a given set of requirements. A fuzzy-decision-tree algorithm is applied to provide a more objective approach given the evidence of previous manufacturing technology implementation cases. The model uses the information relationship of key technology decision variables, project requirements of an implemented technology case and the success outcome of a project to support decision problems. An empirical study was conducted at an aircraft manufacturer to support their technology decision for a typical medium complexity assembly investment project. The experimental analysis demonstrated encouraging results and practical viability of the approach.     

The development of a university sports complex: A project management application

The development of a university sports complex requires an integrated planning, scheduling and management approach, a requirement which is underscored by the desired to overlap design and construction activities in order to complete the facility on an accelerated schedule. The analysis of the project utilizes project management techniques: development of network models, identification of critical paths, and scheduling, cost control and resource allocation considerations. The use of computerized project planning and control tools provides flexibility and enables easy modification of the plans.