基于碳交易的已存供应链网络优化研究

针对碳交易环境下的已存供应链物流网络优化问题,提出了一个混合整数线性规划模型。该模型综合考虑了已存工厂/物流中心的关闭或继续开设,新增候选工厂/物流中心,以包含供应链运营成本和碳交易成本在内的总成本最小化为目标。随后设计了数据生成准则,在Java中调用Cplex求解,通过算例验证了模型的有效性和求解方法的可行性。最后灵敏度分析为决策制定者提供了一些有意义的启示：较高的单位碳交易价格将迫使企业增加运营成本以降低实际碳排放量,那些注重碳减排的优秀企业将从碳交易中获得收益;碳排放配额不会对供应链运营产生影响,也不会改变供应链的实际碳排放量,但较低的碳排放配额会增加企业的碳交易成本,从而增加供应链的总成本。     

基于网格的供应链信息系统的建模与分析

当今供应链的竞争已成为企业竞争的焦点，构建一个分布式、集成化的供应链管理信息系统已成为关键。结合供应链管理信息系统的特点，并基于Globus Toolkit和开放网格服务架构，该文构建了基于开放网格基础设施的供应链管理信息系统的模型。并通过一个实例利用时间Petri网进行建模分析，验证了该模型在提高供应链效率方面的作用。     

基于事例的敏捷供应链模型构件可重用设计

文章从敏捷供应链集成化企业建模的需求出发,围绕敏捷供应链的相关特点,研究了敏捷供应链的通用化建模方法,结合CIMS_OSA的有关内容,划分了敏捷供应链的建模层次。采用模型构件的方法进行建模,提出了基于事例的模型构件可重用设计方法。研究了模型构件的事例表示方法,并相应地建立了模型构件的匹配算法。     

基于WSRF的供应链管理信息系统

为构建一个分布式、集成化的数据环境,实现信息共享的供应链管理信息系统,提出基于Web服务资源框架(WSRF)的供应链管理信息系统模型。在该模型中利用Web服务资源对供应链资源进行建模,并利用WSRF架构解决组织内以及组织间的异构系统整合问题,从而加速供应链成员间的信息流动。     

链与链基于价格和服务竞争的纵向结构选择

通过构建两个制造商、两个排他性零售构成的竞争供应链结构模型,揭示价格竞争、服务竞争以及服务行业的成本对供应链纵向控制结构选择绩效的影响,从而识别出高中低服务成本行业竞争供应链的纵向结构均衡差异特征．上述结论对进一步探索竞争供应链纵向结构协调的合同选择提供了基本的理论基础．     

基于随机需求的区域血液供应系统优化

从供应链一体化的角度对区域血液供应网络建模。采用多目标规划的方法,将血液采集风险成本、系统运作成本、供给过多与过少的惩罚成本最小作为目标,考虑血液报废量与时间成正比的特性,将过期报废血液处理费用考虑在内,建立了随机需求的四种血型的区域供需网络均衡模型。通过证明所建模型是凸的,进一步导出了血液供需网络平衡的变分不等式。运用修改的拟牛顿法,求得了随机需求下血液供应链供需平衡的解。最后,通过成都某区供血系统进一步验证了模型的适用性。     

时滞和参数不确定的供应链动态模型及其鲁棒H∞控制

研究了不确定环境下的供应链运作问题，并建立了具有生产时滞、成本参数和需求不确定性的供应链动态模型．分析了供应链的鲁棒运作，采用鲁棒H∞控制策略和线性矩阵不等式（LMI）算法处理供应链系统鲁棒运作问题．借助供应链库存状态的静态反馈控制，使供应链动态系统达到抑制不确定性干扰的作用，并使供应链运作达到理想总成本．最后，通过仿真计算验证了所得结果．     

基于Agent的分形供应链自适应协同计算

应用分形、智能Ａｇｅｎｔ和神经网络自适应控制技术,研究分形供应链适应环境变化的结构模式和策略模式．探讨了分形供应链Ａｇｅｎｔ关联结构,提出了分形供应链双层自适应协同计算模式,论述了资源Ａｇｅｎｔ,信息协调Ａｇｅｎｔ,人机交互Ａｇｅｎｔ和领域计算Ａｇｅｎｔ之间的相互作用关系．以一个分形模块的策略协同为分析对象,研究了领域单元的自适应协同计算模式,分析了分形模块的成本模型,并对基于Ａｇｅｎｔ交互的神经网络模型部分进行了算例仿真．     

基于技术升级与选择决策的供应链物流网络再设计

基于技术升级与选择决策在供应链物流网络再设计中的重要性,本文综合考虑已存工厂/物流中心的关闭或继续开设与技术升级、候选工厂/物流中心的选址与技术选择、以及流量分配的联合决策,以包含已存供应链技术升级与选择成本在内的总成本最小化为目标,建立了基于技术升级与选择决策的供应链物流网络再设计模型,随后设计了数据生成准则,在Java中调用Cplex求解,通过算例验证了模型的有效性和求解方法的可行性。最后灵敏度分析为决策制定者提供了有意义的启示：供应链中因关闭设施获得的收益越高越有利于促进产业转移,较低的技术升级成本则有利于促进产业的转型升级。     

面向集成化敏捷供应链的ERP采购管理系统的研究

分析了集成化敏捷供应链对采购管理系统的基本要求及功能模型.并将其应用于某企业ERP工程,给出了面向集成化敏捷供应链的采购管理系统的具体解决方案及其实现的关键技术.     

Cost allocation model for optimizing supply chain inventory with controllable lead time

The coordination issue of a decentralized supply chain composed of a vendor and a buyer is considered in this paper. The vendor offers a single product to the buyer and the lead time can be controllable with adding crashing cost. Two supply chain inventory models with controllable lead time under different decision modes are considered, one is proposed under decentralized model based on Stackelberg model, the other is proposed under centralized model of the integrated supply chain. The solution procedures are also suggested to get the optimal solutions of these two models. In addition, an asymmetric Nash bargaining model based on satisfaction level is also developed to get the best cost allocation ratio between the vendor and the buyer by taking their individual rationalities into consideration. The results of numerical example show that shortening lead time reasonably can reduce inventory cost and the cost allocation model based on satisfaction level developed in this paper is effective.     

考虑碳排放量与数量折扣的闭环供应链网络设计与多目标决策优化研究

由于闭环供应链网络在环境法规、客户压力等方面都受到关注,故供应商选择在供应链管理中更具挑战性,本文所提闭环供应链网络模型可解决上述问题.其中,供应商会提供数量折扣以激励买家购买更多的产品.模型的目标函数是将经济成本与碳排放量降至最低,最大限度提升客户满意度等参数,并确定出最佳的供应商、采购量、运输方式、技术类型、碳排放量、库存量及工厂间运输流量.本研究基于MATLAB R2010a软件包对测试问题进行模型验证及敏感性分析,结果表明:考虑数量折扣后,可显著降低供应链的总成本.随着碳排放成本的上升,供应链的总成本也会随之上升,随之碳减排率也会不断提升.可知该模型具有有效性与实用性,可为供应链网络设计者提供决策依据,为政府制定碳补贴政策实现减排提供理论依据.     

Optimal inventory control policy and supply chain coordination problem with carbon footprint constraints

Carbon footprint constraints exert pressure on supply chains to reexamine decisions. In this paper, we consider carbon transfer cost and carbon holding cost in a supply chain. A multiperiod dynamic programming model with carbon footprint constraints is presented to investigate the impact of carbon transfer cost and carbon holding cost on inventory control policy as well as the supply chain coordination problem. A two‐control limit inventory control policy is proved to be optimal and a contract with wholesale price, subsidy, and fixed setup cost is verified analytically to coordinate the supply chain. Finally, a numerical study is conducted to reveal managerial insights. We find that when the supply chain is coordinated, the chain's profit is more sensitive to carbon transfer cost while inventory level is more sensitive to carbon holding cost. Additionally, because of the complexity of the coordinated contract, when it is not easy to coordinate the supply chain, it is better to keep the values of wholesale price, subsidy, and fixed setup cost below the corresponding values for the coordinated supply chain.     

The replenishment policy of agri-products with stochastic demand in integrated agricultural supply chains

Market demand of agri-products is influenced by uncertain factors, such as weather, temperature, and customer preferences. In integrated agricultural supply chains, traditional inventory models are useless because of the stochastic demand and deteriorative characteristic of agri-products. This paper provides a method to determine the optimal replenishment policy of integrated agricultural supply chains with stochastic demand. In these EOQ/EPQ models, shortages are allowed and are backlogged if market demand is stochastic. The objective function is to minimize the total cost of the supply chain in the planning horizon. The total cost includes the ordering cost, the holding cost, the shortage cost and the purchasing cost. Thinking of the nonlinear relationship and dynamic forces in models, a system dynamic (SD) simulation model is constructed to find the optimal lot size and replenishment interval. Finally, an example is given to make a sensitivity analysis of the simulation model. Compared to traditional methods (such as equalize stochastic demand), the total cost decreases by 16.27% if the supply chains adopt the new replenishment policy. The results illustrated that the new replenishment policy (with intelligent method) is beneficial to help supply chain make decision scientifically. Moreover, the intelligent method can simulate stochastic demand perfectly, and it is effectively for solving the complicated and mathematically intractable replenishment problem.     

考虑交通拥堵成本的零售商供货量决策模型

引入交通拥堵成本因子,考虑从零售商配送中心到市场间的路段存在交通拥堵情况下,分别建立了供应链系统中供应商定价模型和零售商供货量模型;运用动态博弈分析方法,得出了零售商和供应商满足利润最大化条件下解的均衡方程;最后,研究了一个简化的供应链网络,对上述模型进行了验证与分析。结果表明,随着交通拥堵成本因子的不断增大,零售商会逐渐减少对市场的商品供货量,通过提高市场价格和减少运输费用来弥补拥堵成本的增加。     

Optimizing replenishment polices using Genetic Algorithm for single-warehouse multi-retailer system

Coordinating inventory and transportation policies can lead to substantial cost savings and improved service levels especially when the companies relay on third-party logistics providers to transport the products across the supply chain. In this paper, therefore focus has been given on a supply chain system of multi-supplier, single warehouse and multi-retailer with backlogging and transportation capacity. The paper aims to suggest replenishment policies that can minimize system-wide cost by taking advantage of quantity discounts in the transportation cost structures. The problem considered in this paper has been formulated as an integer programming model. The supply chain problem is usually complex and involves massive calculations hence it is difficult to obtain an optimal solution. Therefore, to overcome this issue a Genetic Algorithm (GA) based approach has been suggested to resolve the problem. The computational results demonstrate the robustness and efficacy of the GA in optimizing replenishment policies.     

供应链间竞争下绿色广告决策研究

通过构建两条供应链中的零售商横向竞争和制造商横向竞争模型研究分散和集中两种决策下的绿色广告决策问题,分析绿色广告成本系数和绿色广告敏感系数对绿色广告效应以及供应链成员利润的影响。研究结果表明：集中式供应链绿色广告效应更大;绿色广告成本系数较小时会对供应链成员利润产生显著影响且微小变动会引起需求市场剧烈变动;集中式决策下绿色产品供应链优势明显,而普通产品供应链的决策方式受绿色广告效应敏感系数的影响。     

考虑供应商选择的选址一库存一路径的联合优化

针对装配型制造企业供应链集成优化问题,建立了随机需求情形下整合供应商选择和各层级之间运输方式选择的多层级选址—库存模型。该模型通过对供应商的选择,装配厂和分销中心的选址,相邻两层级之间的分配服务关系及运输方式的确定,实现整体供应链网络成本最小化。为求解此混合整数非线性规划模型,设计了一种矩阵编码的改进自适应遗传算法。仿真实验表明,该算法的解的寻优能力明显优于标准遗传算法,得出了供应链总成本与装配厂的最大提前期存在一定规律性的结论。     

供应链流程绩效评估模型及其系统实现

提出一种基于流程分解的供应链流程绩效评估模型。该模型在流程分解的基础上,从质量、时间、成本、协同性和资产利用5个维度出发,对供应链业务流程进行绩效评估。基于该模型设计开发供应链绩效评估系统,通过某航运公司的集装箱航运供应链流程实例验证该模型的可行性。     

供应商具备多级生产率的供应链控制策略仿真

研究供应商具有多级生产率的供应链库存成本控制策略问题。在满足客户与销售商随机性订单需求的基础上,以供应链的整体运营成本最低为目标,运用Arena仿真平台对由供应商、销售商、客户构成的多级供应链库存系统进行了建模和仿真优化,制定合理的销售商的库存策略以及供应商的生产库存策略。为具备多级生产率的供应链系统控制策略提供了一种更科学合理的决策方法,对以后的类似研究具有一定的借鉴意义。