串行FORTRAN程序的并行识别技术初探

本文基于程序的控制图表示,讨论了程序的并行识别技术,探讨了将串行FORTRAN 程序变换为并行程序的实现方法并且描述了并行FORTRAN 程序任务描述图的构造过程,该任务描述图可以直接提供给操作系统进行调度。     

分布式环境软件开发平台

对一般的软件开发人员编写分布式并行计算程序是比较艰难的。它要求设计者对任务的分解、分配及子任务间的交互等问题有更高的技术。本文给出了分布式环境并行计算程序开发平台的一种新构架,研制了一个网络环境的可视化并行程序设计平台。用户只须将并行问题可视化地以图形方式描述出来,任务的调度、任务间通信都由系统自动完成
成,因而大大地方便了用户进行并行程序设计。     

JAPS中的任务划分与粒度控制

程序并行化为了达到缩短程序运行时间的目的 ,需要关注两方面的问题 :1,任务之间并行性的挖掘 ;2 ,粒度控制 ;如何协调这两方面的关系以及如何自动的完成这个任务是现在工作的重点 .本文详细讨论了如何在 CDDG图上决定合适的任务粒度 ,提出基于关键路径的任务粒度控制理论 ;并描述了在 JAPS中实现的自动任务划分与粒度控制算法 .涉及的主要问题包括结点的分布 ,任务的粒度控制 ,任务的划分 ,并对它的实践结果进行分析     

面向Open64的OpenMP程序优化

OpenMP规范了一系列的编译制导、环境变量和运行库,具有简单、可移植、支持增量并行等优点.但同时,采用FORK-JOIN模型所引起的频繁的线程管理开销也是制约OpenMP程序性能的瓶颈之一.本文讨论了如何利用并行区的合并与扩展,实现并行区的重构,并在此基础上利用Open64的IPA优化部件所提供的全局间过程分析能力,实现跨越过程边界的并行块的合并.最终实验表明,该方法有效地改进了OpenMP程序的运行性能.     

并行性挖掘的图文法方法

并行性分析技术一般通过对程序的控制与数据流图或相关依赖图的分析来实现,因而需要从程序中抽取出相应依赖图的算法的支持.本文基于上下文相关图文法RGG形式框架,定义了一种任务级的并行编程图语言GPPL来直接描述顺序或并行程序的控制与数据流图,而且设计了相应的并行性分析算法以挖掘GPPL图程序的并行性特征.GPPL图语言可视为并行程序设计与程序代码生成之间的协同语言,从而使并行性挖掘避免了从程序中抽取出相应依赖图的过程.与已有的描述顺序或并行程序的图语言及其分析算法相比,GPPL图程序形式更为简洁和直观,易于设计,描述能力也更强;基于GPPL图的并行性分析算法的分析能力更强,而且具有可扩展性.     

并行程序错误调试技术研究综述

随着多核设备的普及,主流软件系统的构建模式已经由单线程串行转为多线程的并行方式．然而,由于并行程序的不确定性,使得调试并行程序错误要比串行程序的错误困难很多．因此,如何高效地调试并行程序错误成为了亟待解决的问题．对并行错误调试技术做了全面的研究与分析．在此基础上,进一步讨论了不同调试技术的优劣,也对并行调试技术可能的发展方向进行展望．     

一种支持容错的任务并行程序设计模型

任务并行程序设计模型已成为并行程序设计的主流,其通过发掘任务并行性来提高并行计算机的系统性能.提出一种支持容错的任务并行程序设计模型,将容错技术融入到任务并行程序设计模型中,在保证性能的同时提高系统可靠性.该模型以任务为调度、执行、错误检测与恢复的基本单位,在应用级实现容错支持.采用一种Buffer-Commit计算模型支持瞬时错误的检测与恢复;采用应用级无盘检查点实现节点故障类型永久错误的恢复;采用一种支持容错的工作窃取任务调度策略获得动态负载均衡.实验结果表明,该模型以较低的性能开销提供了对硬件错误的容错支持.     

C程序类型隐式转换漏洞的静态检测

C语言由于其灵活性及支持环境,经常被用于嵌入式和实时开发环境中,所以它已成为一种非常流行的语言。但凡事都有两面性,C语言在提供了很大灵活性的同时也存在不少安全隐患。该文主要讨论C源程序中类型隐式转换导致程序错误的常见表现形式,分析其特征及产生机理,从而提出一种以语法制导翻译的方式形式化描述漏洞,并且给出了其实现方法。     

浅谈ASP程序调试方法与技巧

熟练掌握各种程序调试技术可以大大提高编程效率。文章简要描述了ASP程序的特点以及主要的几种错误类型,详细探讨了ASP程序错误调试的常用技术,提出了巧妙运用Response对象的方法,最后介绍了避免错误产生的方法与良好的编程习惯。     

一种CMP结构上的事务存储编程模型设计

多核结构上采用由用户显式制导的并行程序设计模型,使用锁和同步变量来实现同步.事务存储模型能够解决由锁机制带来的一系列问题,提高程序的并发性.介绍了在文中提出的一种基于事务存储模型的多核结构(Transactional-Memory based Chip Multiple-Superscaler,TMCMS)上的并行编程模型,以及针对循环程序的执行模型;以FFT程序为例具体介绍了循环结构的并行化方法和编译转换过程.在初步的实验中,将处理单元从1增加到16个时,在所设计的编程模型的支持下,IPC(Instruction Per Cycle)有接近线性的增长,说明该并行编程模型能够充分发掘程序中潜在的细粒度线程级并行性,同时保持并行程序设计的简单性.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.