基于EM-ICP的三维人脸简化点云并行配准算法

提出了一种基于离散曲率估计和kd-tree简化人脸点云的并行EM-ICP配准算法.首先建立人脸点云的三维空间kd-tree,并结合离散高斯曲率对点云进行了保留几何特征的简化;然后基于CUDA对EM-ICP算法进行并行加速,对简化的人脸点云进行配准.该算法能够避免局部配准等缺陷,同时EM-ICP算法并行保证了配准工作的高效.实验证实了本文算法的健壮性和稳定性.     

3D人耳点云配准的并行Softassign算法

提出了一种新的人耳点云并行Softassign配准算法.在基于CUDA对Softassign算法进行并行加速的基础上,利用三维点云离散曲率估计和三维空间kd-tree相结合的方法,对三维人耳点云进行点云简化,使简化后人耳点云能够保留足够的几何特征,然后对简化人耳点云进行Softassign配准,提高Softassign算法在人耳点云配准中的配准精度,从而避免了局部配准等缺陷,并在实际应用中验证了算法效率和精度.     

基于多核并行和动态阈值的点云配准算法

针对点云配准中存在错误匹配点对、精度不高等问题,提出一种基于多核并行和动态阈值的点云配准算法。该算法采用改进的SAC-IA算法进行点云粗配准,利用OpenMP实现点云查询点的法向量、FPFH等特征的并行加速提取以及对应点对的并行查找,从而使整个配准算法的速度得到保持甚至提升。在点云精配准阶段,使用改进的ICP算法进行精配准,改进点着眼于错误对应点对的剔除及其阈值的动态确定,即以配准点重心作为参照点,按照动态阈值,使用点对距离约束剔除错误对应点对。实验结果表明,本文算法在提升配准精度的情况下,配准速度也得到了提升。     

改进迭代最近点算法的点云自动精配准

针对经典ICP(iterative closest point)算法迭代速度慢、存在误配准点对、鲁棒性不强的问题,利用距离约束函数、kd-tree加速迭代以及CPC(closest point crirterion)三约束方法对算法进行改进。首先利用点到最近三点组成的面的垂足作为最近点,对算法进行了分类约束改进,剔除了点落在面外造成虚假配准的情况,从而提高迭代精度;然后通过kd-tree算法加速搜索点对过程,减少算法的运行时间;最后通过对CPC中存在的几何约束对配准点集进行错误点对剔除,增强了自动配准技术的鲁棒性和抗噪声能力。实验结果表明,与经典ICP算法相比,改进后的ICP算法在配准精度和时间上有所提高,而且能够有效剔除部分误配准点对,增强了算法的鲁棒性。     

迭代最近点算法的改进策略

迭代最近点（Iterative Closest Point, ICP）算法是一种最为常见的点云配准方法，虽然配准精度高，但收敛速度慢，对含噪声、覆盖率较低点云的配准效果不佳。鉴于此，本文提出3种ICP算法的改进方法。针对含噪声的点云，采用概率ICP算法来抑制噪声点对配准结果的影响，提高配准精度；为了提高点云配准速度，采用坐标ICP算法实现点云的快速配准；针对低覆盖率点云，采用盒子ICP算法实现配准，可以大大提高配准精度和速度。通过兔子点云配准实验表明，3种改进的ICP算法在点云配准精度和速度方面都有很大程度的提高，均为有效的点云配准方法。     

基于Kinect的点云配准方法

Kinect采集的点云存在点云数量大、点云位置有误差,直接使用迭代最近点(ICP)算法对点云进行配准时效率低.针对该问题,提出一种基于特征点法向量夹角的改进点云配准算法.首先使用体素栅格对Kinect采集的原始点云进行下采样,精简点云数量,并使用滤波器移除离群点.然后使用SIFT算法提取目标点云与待配准点云公共部分的特征点,通过计算特征点法向量之间的夹角调整点云位姿,完成点云的初始配准.最后使用ICP算法完成点云的精细配准.实验结果表明,该算法与传统ICP算法相比,在保证点云配准精度的同时,能够提高点云的配准效率,具有较高的适用性和鲁棒性.     

基于OpenCL的尺度不变特征变换算法的并行设计与实现

针对尺度不变特征变换（SIFT）算法实时性差的问题,提出了利用开放式计算语言（OpenCL）并行优化的SIFT算法。首先,通过对原算法各步骤进行组合拆分、重构特征点在内存中的数据索引等方式对原算法进行并行化重构,使得算法的中间计算结果能够完全在显存中完成交互;然后,采用复用全局内存对象、共享局部内存、优化内存读取等策略对原算法各步骤进行并行设计,提高数据读取效率,降低传输延时;最后,利用OpenCL语言在图形处理单元（GPU）上实现了SIFT算法的细粒度并行加速,并在中央处理器（CPU）上完成了移植。与原SIFT算法配准效果相近时,并行化的算法在GPU和CPU平台上特征提取速度分别提升了10.51～19.33和2.34～4.74倍。实验结果表明,利用OpenCL并行加速的SIFT算法能够有效提高图像配准的实时性,并能克服统一计算设备架构（CUDA）因移植困难而不能充分利用异构系统中多种计算核心的缺点。     

基于两步式迭代最近点的三维人耳配准算法

提出了一种新型两步式迭代最近点算法对三维人耳点云模型进行配准,该过程主要分为两步完成:(1)采用基于CUDA并行加速的EM-ICP算法进行初始配准,从而使人耳点云数据大致调整为同一姿态,并且为下一步提供良好的初始变化;(2)基于ICP算法对三维人耳点云数据进行精确配准。该方式能够有效避免ICP算法配准过程中局部对齐等缺陷。实验结果证明,采用两步式迭代最近点算法配准后的三维人耳数据具有良好的配准效果与配准速度。     

一种基于降采样后关键点优化的点云配准方法

针对工件点云数据多而导致点云配准耗时长的问题,提出一种基于降采样后关键点优化的点云配准方法。计算点云若干体素的重心,利用kd-tree快速遍历重心的邻近点来代替该体素;提出自适应的点云平均距离计算方法,对降采样后的点云提取ISS3D关键点,并采用基于球邻域的边界点判断方法对其优化;对优化后的关键点进行FPFH特征描述,利用SAC-IA求解近似变换阵,使用ICP算法精配准而解得工件的精确位姿信息。实验结果表明,相较于其他四种配准算法,配准精度分别提高了96.9%、98.1%、93.3%和3.5%,配准速度分别提高了77.2%、77.7%、76.9%和85.4%,表明了该方法的有效性。     

融合PCA的改进ICP激光点云配准算法北大核心CSCD

针对迭代最近点(iterative nearest point,ICP)算法进行点云配准过程中需要输入较好的初值和收敛速度较慢的问题,提出了一种融合主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)的改进ICP配准算法。首先,基于PCA计算两组点云的主方向,得到两组点云的初始位姿变换;然后,利用主轴基向量的关系校正主轴方向,完成两组点云的大致配准。针对具有部分重叠区域的点云,粗配准后利用KD-tree算法搜索最近点。根据点云重叠部分,提出一种利用有效点对进行ICP迭代求解算法,利用有效点对中欧式距离较大的点对,完成精配准。通过在公开数据集Bunny和实测数据支座点云上的实验表明,改进算法能够为ICP算法提供较好初值,加速具有局部重叠度的点云配准,同时对配准精度也有较高的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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