面向OWL知识的问答系统Agile

介绍了一个面向OWL知识的问答系统Agile,并重阐述了其在问题规范和知识索引方面的技术方案。为了得到合适的映射单位,Agile系统定义了两个数据结构用于规范问题和OWL本体知识字典,并借助自然语言处理工具和OWL解析工具将两种源知识进行了形式化。实验分析表明:与现有网络问答系统相比,Agile系统能够处理的问题领域和形式更加丰富。     

基于知识图谱的自杀倾向检测问答系统构建

针对当今社会人们因缺乏心理知识而导致心理疾病患病率急剧上升的问题,构建了一个小型的心理咨询知识图谱与问答系统（Question Answering system,QA）。该系统可以帮助咨询者及时获取心理知识,也可以识别出有自杀倾向的咨询者,防止危险发生。搜集了一些心理信息数据,通过构建字典并生成实体与关系构建了知识图谱;使用了HanLP（Han Language Processing）分词工具来生成关键词,通过CHI（Chi-square）特征选择来进行问题分类,提高问答效率;通过与其他模型对比,优选BiLSTM（Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory）模型构建了自杀倾向文本分类器来检测危险的用户发言;通过计算相似度得分来进行问题模板匹配并生成答案。最后进行系统正确率测试,证明了该系统可以有效回答心理咨询相关的问题。     

基于OWL的企业网络知识管理系统实现

为了减少传统网络知识管理系统检索时存在的大量无关知识，提出了运用本体描述语言OWL构造企业网络竺孽亏理系统的方法。该系统利用了OWL本体描述语言，采用了面向对象的构建方法，改变了以往企业网络知识管理系统架构由设计者确定的模式，构建了知识之间的联系。在此基础之上，讨论了利用本体描述语言增强企业网络知识管理系统的语义性。最后设计了一个企业网络知识管理实验系统，并给出了基于OWL的本体实例。     

网络问答资源挖掘综述

由大规模问答对组成的问答知识库对于自动问答技术的巨大支持作用是不言而喻的,从互联网获取知识并以问答对的形式加以保存是扩充和完善问答知识库的必要手段.阐述了面向互联网数据源的问答资源挖掘对于问答系统构建和自然语言处理研究的重要意义,概述了网络问答资源挖掘研究的主要任务以及面临的挑战,并通过对当前该领域的研究成果的综述分析了其中的重点研究问题.     

桥梁检测领域知识图谱构建与知识问答方法

针对桥梁检测报告中数据抽取融合不充分以及管养决策过程中知识问答服务不足的问题,提出一种桥梁检测领域知识图谱构建与知识问答方法。首先,采用Web本体语言（OWL）对桥梁检测领域知识进行形式化语义建模,定义了该领域的概念、属性及公理约束;然后,采用基于Transformer编码器、双向长短时记忆（BiLSTM）网络和条件随机场（CRF）的联合模型以及网格化长短时记忆（Lattice-LSTM）网络对细粒度息进行抽取,并将融合后的实例数据存储在Neo4j图数据库中,实现知识图谱化表示;最后,采用朴素贝叶斯分类算法进行问题模板匹配,根据匹配结果生成结构化查询,并以自然语言形式返回问题答案,实现细粒度领域信息的交互式问答。在与卷积神经网络（CNN）、BiLSTM的对比实验中,该方法在命名实体识别、关系抽取任务中的F1值分别为93.28%、74.00%,优于上述神经网络模型。实验结果表明,所提方法能较好地适应桥梁检测领域交互式问答实际需求。     

基于OWL的模具企业经验知识库构建方法的研究

为了解决模具企业知识集成存在的问题,结合网络本体语言OWL(Web Ontology Language)所具有的优势.提出一种基于OWL的经验性知识库构建方法.该方法按照面向模具生产的知识分类框架建立概念树,使用Pmtégé建模工具建立基本的OWL本体库.同时采用Pellet本体推理机对OWL本体进行推理,并借助概念图帮助业务参与者在实际生产中扩展和完善OWL本体库.经验知识库的建立为模具企业知识集成系统的建立和知识重用打下基础,为模具设计和加工中经验性强的环节提供技术指导,从而提高模具的设计和生产效率,促进企业的可持续发展.     

QA-KGNet: 一种语言模型驱动的知识图谱问答模型

基于知识图谱的问答系统可以解析用户问题,已成为一种检索知识、自动回答所询问题的有效途径.知识图谱问答系统通常是利用神经程序归纳模型,将自然语言问题转化为逻辑形式,在知识图谱上执行该逻辑形式能够得到答案.然而,使用预训练语言模型和知识图谱的知识问答系统包含两个挑战:(1)给定问答(questionanswering, QA)上下文,需要从大型知识图谱(knowledge graph, KG)中识别相关知识;(2)对QA上下文和KG进行联合推理.基于此,提出一种语言模型驱动的知识图谱问答推理模型QA-KGNet,将QA上下文和KG连接起来形成一个工作图,使用语言模型计算给定QA上下文节点与KG节点的关联度,并使用多头图注意力网络更新节点表示.在Commonsense QA、OpenBookQA和Med QA-USMLE真实数据集上进行实验来评估QA-KGNet的性能,实验结果表明:QA-KGNet优于现有的基准模型,表现出优越的结构化推理能力.     

基于OWL语言的统计学领域本体字典库建模研究

基于本体论思想,比较选择网络本体语言OWL 3个子语言之一,通过Protégé本体编辑工具开发本体语义字典库,进行了统计学领域本体字典库的建模研究.     

图形化与知识形式企业模型间的相互转换

为有效地支持生产运营的知识共享和协同建模,提出一种在图形化形式与OWL本体形式企业模型间相互转换的方法。建立模型本体,图形化元模型对应于本体中的类,图形化模型元素对应于本体中类的实例。图形化模型元素之间的关联,对应于OWL本体中实例之间的对象属性。建模系统则作为一个建立模型本体实例的工具,将整个图形模型转化为OWL描述的本体实例。反之,通过解析OWL本体形式的模型,建模系统生成相应的图形化模型。     

中文社区问答中问题答案质量评价和预测

知识共享型网站为自动问答系统带来了新的研究契机。但用户提供的问题及其答案质量参差不齐,在提供有用信息的同时可能包含各种无关甚至恶意的信息。对此类信息进行判别和过滤,并选取高质量的问题与答案对,有助于在基于社区的自动问答系统中重用相关问题的答案以提高问答系统的服务质量。首先从中文社区问答网站上抓取大量问题及答案,利用社会网络的方法对提问者和回答者的互动关系及特点进行了统计与分析。然后基于给定的问答质量判定标准,对3000多个问题及其答案进行了人工标注。并通过提取文本和非文本两类特征集,利用机器学习算法设计和实现了基于特征集的问答质量分类器。试验结果表明其精度和召回率均在70%以上。最后分析了影响社区网络中问答质量的主要因素。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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