彩色静态图像的人脸检测研究

讨论了一种彩色静态图像的人脸检测法,先使用光照补偿对图像进行预处理,再采用YCbCr肤色模型检测出图像的肤色部分,然后对肤色部分进行膨胀、腐蚀,去除非人脸区域,最后使用人工神经网络对候选人脸区域进行验证,最终定位出人脸区域.实验证明了该方法对不同光照环境和复杂背景的图片有较好的适应性,提高了检测速度与精度.     

基于3×3块梯度图像划分和人脸几何模型的人脸检测

提出一个人脸检测算法,该算法使用3×3块划分的梯度图像和几何人脸模型来进行人脸检测。3×3块划分用来初步检测特定区域中是否有人脸,接下来利用几何人脸模型把人脸检测出来。实验结果表明所提出的人脸检测算法检测结果比较好,并且对于光照并不敏感。     

基于双肤色模型和改进的SNoW算法的人脸检测方法

针对环境与光照对面部肤色提取的影响,提出一种基于双肤色模型和改进的SNo W算法相结合的人脸检测方法。首先,利用自适应光照补偿方法对图像进行预处理,减少光照变化导致的色彩偏差;然后,综合利用YCbCr和HSI肤色模型提取预处理后图像中的人脸信息;最后,结合改进的SNoW算法检测人脸位置。实验结果表明,在复杂背景和光照变化的情况下,该方法可以准确检测和定位人脸,提升了检测效率和提高了算法对于复杂背景、光照、表情的鲁棒性。     

基于彩色人脸模板的人脸检测算法

针对目前基于色彩的人脸检测只能用于人脸区域的粗检这一不足,提出一种利用人脸的五官位置及色彩信息建立彩色人脸模板的算法。采用光照补偿对图像进行预处理,利用YCbCr空间中的肤色模型进行粗检,确定出人脸候选区域,利用建构好的模板进行搜索比对定位出人脸。实验结果表明该方法对不同光照环境和复杂背景的图片均有较好的适应性,检测精度也得到了提高。     

复杂背景下多姿态人脸快速检测算法

通过对图像进行预处理(似眼物检测)，不但缩小了人脸检测的搜索空间，而且将复杂背景下多姿态多人脸检测简化为在候选区域内，已知大致的人脸尺度情况下正面端正单人脸检测问题，并结合多模板匹配与规则验证完成了人脸区域的最后确定．实验结果表明该算法具有较高的速度和检测成功率。     

序列滤波器在缺陷边缘检测中的应用

为了提取带钢表面缺陷特征,首先需要正确检测缺陷边缘。针对现有方法对于光照不均和复杂背景条件下噪声抑制以及保持图像细节方面的不足,提出一种新的基于序列滤波器的边缘检测方法。先将缺陷图片进行中值滤波,然后在新的滤波器窗口相对于中心元素计算总变差,结果图像作为预处理图像送入Canny边缘探测器进行边缘检测,最后采用形态学方法进行光滑处理,得到完整的缺陷边缘。实验表明该方法具有较强的抑制噪声能力,有效去除现场工况条件下粉尘、光照不均等因素对检测结果的影响,很好地提取了复杂背景条件下的目标边缘。     

改进轻量级卷积神经网络的复杂场景口罩佩戴检测方法

针对复杂光照和人脸倾斜条件下口罩佩戴检测准确率低的问题,提出一种利用轻量级卷积神经网络在复杂环境下的口罩佩戴检测方法.该方法利用难样本挖掘预训练学习更多的人脸特征,结合多任务级联卷积神经网络先判别是否有人脸信息,对其进行精准的人脸定位;在特征金字塔网络中添加注意力机制,增强了人脸关键点信息的权重,利用轻量级神经网络将口罩佩戴检测视为简单的二分类问题进行判断.在TensorFlow的环境下完成了数据训练、数据预处理、与AIZOO方法对比实验,收集建立了包含816张图片的数据集进行标注并训练;在对数据进行预处理操作时先将图片设定为固定大小以降低运算量,提高检测速度,再利用图像增强算法进行扭曲处理提高模型的鲁棒性.在此基础上,利用MTCNN检测图片中的人脸并对其进行修正和归一化操作,然后传入神经网络并利用已经训练好的模型进行检测.实验结果表明,在复杂光照和人脸倾斜等复杂条件下,文中方法的准确率分别达到83％和91％,可以有效地进行口罩佩戴检测.     

复杂背景下基于时间差分的人脸检测算法

本文主要结合序列图像的运动信息和肤色信息进行复杂背景下的人脸检测。首先利用连续三帧间的运动信息进行粗检测,采用自适应阈值法从差分图像中提取出运动区域,再对差分图像进行相与操作,限制搜索范围;然后利用人脸肤色信息,在YCbCr色彩空间内检测出肤色区域;最后利用人脸的几何特征信息对肤色区域作进一步验证,得到精确人脸。该方法综合了帧间和帧内的分析结果,实现简单、高效。实验证明,在复杂背景下对光照和其他噪声有较好的鲁棒性。     

复杂背景不同光照条件下彩色图像中人脸检测

提出一种有效的在复杂背景和不同光照条件下从彩色图像中检测出人脸的方法.该方法由两个阶段组成:第一阶段利用彩色信息和基于等腰三角形分割的方法找到可能的人脸区域.第二阶段利用二维相关系数作为对称相似性测度进行人脸认证.提出的方法能够处理各种尺寸、不同光照条件、不同的姿态及表情变化的人脸,在复杂背景的彩色图像中提高了人脸的检测速度.实验结果显示该方法获得良好的效果.     

复杂背景中的人脸识别技术研究

针对复杂背景下的人脸图像,提出一种快速人脸检测识别方法。包括基于肤色模型和 OpenCV 的综合方法进行人脸检测定位,并对图像重新保存、预处理,用以克服光照因素的干扰,剔除复杂背景对人脸识别不利因素的影响。采用二维主成分分析算法,对同一个人多幅不同表情的人脸图像进行采集和特征提取并归类。对ORL人脸库及实际外场背景下的人脸图像进行测试,结果表明,该方法可有效解决复杂背景下的人脸识别问题,具有快速、高效的实用性,正确识别率可达90%以上。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate