Reuse of knowledge assets from repositories: A mixed methods study

Reuse of information retrieved from an electronic knowledge repository and how this complements person-to-person interactions are poorly understood. I developed a research model that examined factors influencing how individuals benefit from reuse of knowledge assets. Using a mixed method approach, two empirical studies were conducted to test the model. The results showed that two key factors helped users to overcome difficulties in reusing knowledge assets: seeking assistance from and sharing a common perspective with the author of the asset. The study explains when and how individuals receive benefits from knowledge reuse. When individuals reuse complex knowledge assets in domains with which they are unfamiliar, they apparently gain more benefit by contacting the author; sharing a common perspective with the author also facilitates asset reuse. Thus both electronic repositories and person-to-person interaction mechanisms complement one another in facilitating knowledge sharing.     

产品线工程理论应用与研究

产品线工程（Product Line Engineering）是运用软件重用思想的一种软件开发方法,它属于一种大粒度的软件复用方式,用于开发相同领域的类似产品过程。由于PLE强调针对特定产品集合的领域开发和面向重用技术,所以能有效地提高软件产品的开发效率和质量,降低软件开发成本。文中介绍了PLE理论,着重研究产品线模型、开发模式、生命周期和体系结构,介绍领域工程和应用工程在生命周期内部的交互作用。通过产品线开发周期分析和比较出PLE在系统开发过程中的特点,最后介绍PLE在HIS系统中的开发应用。     

基于ALOAF的分布式构件库框架模型

软件复用是解决软件危机的重要手段,构件库是软件复用的重要的技术支撑之一,为了进一步提高构件重用的可能性和效率,支持构件库的分布式访问,提出了基于ALOAF模型和CORBA技术的分布式构件库框架模型。文中讨论了开放体系结构的构件库框架(ALOAF)、CORBA技术和基于ALOAF分布式构件库框架模型的层次结构,并给出了基于中介服务器该模型的一种实现方案。在此基础上,以VisiBroker中间件和ORACLE数据库为支撑,采用JBUILDER9开发工具,开发了一个分布式构件库原型系统,验证了分布式构件库实现方案的可行性和有效性。     

Arise: advanced CASE environment for telecommunications

Arise (A reusability infrastructure for software engineering), one of the RACE I programming-infrastructure projects, is reviewed. Arise identified the key issues in the use of CASE environments and tools in telecommunications and specified solutions. In most cases, the project team demonstrated technical feasibility of the proposed solutions through prototypes, including the Arise prototype development environment. Among other issues, Arise addressed reuse, configuration management, distributed development, quality assurance, and integration     

支持渐变过程的软件产品线框架的研究

产品线工程是一种正在出现的软件工程范型,用于开发相同领域的类似产品.在介绍了产品线框架相关的概念之后,根据产品线生命周期的特点,提出了框架从低级框架渐变为高级框架的过程,并在此基础上描述了框架元模型;为了支持从这种渐变,在组件库的基础上建立了视图机制,即原始映射视图、频繁组件项集视图和组件关联视图.这种基于组件库的视图机制,可以指导用户在框架实例化中的组件选取决策,促进了框架的成熟,提高了组件库的复用性能.     

关于软件标本重用技术的研究

文中阐述了具有类Ａｄａ风格的软件标本重用的技术，阐明了标本重用的基本概念，途径及实现方法，提出将杯本作为重用库中的可重用单元，其重用途径是将部件作为重用参数，标本作为一种模板，实现重用的关键策略是通过预处理生成标本实例，同时，提出了重用库中的单元组成标准的建议。     

An empirical investigation on the reusability of design patterns and software packages

Nowadays open-source software communities are thriving. Successful open-source projects are competitive and the amount of source code that is freely available offers great reuse opportunities to software developers. Thus, it is expected that several requirements can be implemented based on open source software reuse. Additionally, design patterns, i.e. well-known solution to common design problems, are introduced as elements of reuse. This study attempts to empirically investigate the reusability of design patterns, classes and software packages. Thus, the results can help developers to identify the most beneficial starting points for white box reuse, which is quite popular among open source communities. In order to achieve this goal we conducted a case study on one hundred (100) open source projects. More specifically, we identified 27,461 classes that participate in design patterns and compared the reusability of each of these classes with the reusability of the pattern and the package that this class belongs to. In more than 40% of the cases investigated, design pattern based class selection, offers the most reusable starting point for white-box reuse. However there are several cases when package based selection might be preferable. The results suggest that each pattern has different level of reusability.     

Staged model evolution and proactive quality guidance for model libraries

A variety of modeling approaches, including model-driven development, consider model reuse as one of their cornerstones, but lack support for model reuse. This may be due to the available model repositories that barely exceed support for enhanced versioning or collaborative work and disregard model evolution. We believe that current model evolution approaches do not consider reuse sufficiently and that model repositories for reuse purposes should act as model libraries. This requires new functionality, because models for reuse need to achieve and maintain high quality. Moreover, quality assessment and assurance, which are tasks often considered tedious, need to be as simple as putting away or maintaining artifacts for reuse. In this study, we propose an approach for model evolution in UML model libraries that differs from general model evolution, since it is aimless and triggered by new external requirements. Our approach is founded on graphs that are partitioned into three stages with respect to the level of reusability. Each stage is defined by quality characteristics that are manifestations of a quality model consisting of four essential quality dimensions: syntactic, semantic, pragmatic, and emotional. In order to achieve the next level of reusability, i.e., change the stage of a model, a quality gate needs to be passed. This can be supported by a proactive approach that guides the modeler through the enhancement process and offers additional recommendations based on the level of reusability. Since guidance cannot be fully automated, we implement a review mechanism founded on the idea of the six thinking hats to help maintain focus on the main aspects of a review. Finally, our approach is enhanced to support the evolution of generations, i.e., a group of several model snapshots, to ease reusability.     

A reuse business model

This paper summarizes the decision framework for forming reuse business models and offers the Expert Services Model as a preferred first application of that framework. The Expert Services Model is only one possible approach, but one that we found is a good starting point. The framework for setting up a reuse plan consists of four major steps: define reuse, populate a library of reusable assets, share reusable assets, and maintain reusable assets.     

面向对象与软件重用

软件重用是解决需求和可能这一矛盾，提高软件生产率和改善软件质量的重要手段。本文概述了面向过程的软件重用与面向对象的软件重用，旨在说明面向对象的特征更有利用软件重用，文章还介绍了可重用的Ｃ＋＋软件部件以及应用它们进行程序设计的过程。     

Cloud asset for urban flood control

The performance of physical assets has become a major determinant success factor for urban flood control. However, managing these assets is always challenging as there are a huge number of diverse assets involved, which are distributed throughout the city, and owned by different agencies. Aiming at improving the management efficiency of these assets, and ensuring their performance, this paper proposes the concept of cloud asset based on cloud computing, mobile agent, and various smart devices. Through hardware integration and software encapsulation, cloud asset could sense its real-time status, adapt to varied working scenarios, be controlled remotely, and shared among agencies. It enables accurate real-time control of every asset, and thus improves the management efficiency and effectiveness. This paper first presents the concept of cloud asset with its technical architecture, and then analyses the software agent model for cloud asset, which is the key enabler to realize UPnP (Universal Plug and Play) management of assets, and provides mobility and intelligence for them. After that, the framework of cloud asset-enabled workflow management is built, in which cloud asset could be easily found and dynamically invoked by different workflows. Finally, a demonstrative case is provided to verify the effectiveness of cloud asset.     

基于J2EE轻量级框架组合的消费信贷系统的实现

根据优秀软件开发框架的标准和特征,针对J2EE的Web应用传统开发方法的不足,选择以Spring框架为核心,集成Struts和Hibemate的框架组合技术.在分析该组合框架优势和模式的基础上,通过汽车消费信贷系统开发的应用实例,阐述了该组合框架关键的技术和整合策略.实践证明,利用此组合框架易于大规模的开发与管理,且开发的系统具有良好的复用性、扩展性和维护性.     

基于产品线工程方法提高组件容器的可复用性(英文)

组件容器为组件提供部署和运行环境,是基于组件的分布式应用开发的核心。近年来,开发网构软件的需求驱动着组件技术持续改进,新型组件不断涌现,这对组件容器的开发效率提出更高的要求。因此,在组件容器开发过程中大规模复用已有的软件资产变得非常重要。在许多情况下,产品线工程已被证实是有效的系统化复用的工程方法。首先探讨将产品线工程应用于组件容器开发所面临的主要困难,并提出相应的解决方案;然后给出了一个组件容器的产品线——PLACE的设计,解释了其两个主要部分:产品线体系结构和产品派生流程;最后,通过一个实际案例,展示利用PLACE设计开发组件容器的完整过程,结果证实体系结构和源代码的复用性都有一定程度的提高。     

Information Quality Assessment for Facility Management

Assessing the quality of building information models (BIMs) is an important yet challenging task within the construction industry as projects are increasingly being delivered with BIM. This is particularly essential for facility management (FM) users as downstream information consumers that depend on the quality of models developed in the previous project phases. The research presented in this paper addresses this challenge by introducing a framework for information quality assessment (IQA) of BIMs for FM uses. The IQA framework is the outcome of an extensive study of two large owner organizations involving numerous BIM projects. The framework is structured based on the essential FM subjects: assets, spaces, and systems, and the model characteristics: objects, attributes, relationships, and spatial information. The framework is then operationalized through the development and evaluation of information quality (IQ) tests using BIM model checking tools across three projects with different levels of detail and complexity. The proposed IQA framework and associated tests advance the state of knowledge about BIM quality in terms of methods to represent and evaluate conformance to owner requirements.     

Aligning the economic modeling of software reuse with reuse practices

In contrast to current practices where software reuse is applied recursively and reusable assets are tailored trough parameterization or specialization, existing reuse economic models assume that (i) the cost of reusing a software asset depends on its size and (ii) reusable assets are developed from scratch. The contribution of this paper is that it provides modeling elements and an economic model that is better aligned with current practices. The functioning of the model is illustrated in an example. The example also shows how the model can support practitioners in deciding whether it is economically feasible to apply software reuse recursively.     

管理导向的软件产品族变化性建模方法研究

控制和管理软件产品族变化性对提高软件复用性、满足用户多变需求具有重要意义.提出一种管理导向的软件产品族变化性建模(Management-oriented variability modeling,MOVM)方法,该方法以变化性管理为指导,贯穿于整个软件产品族变化性生命周期以及反馈演化过程,对各阶段设计相应的策略以支持变...     

Principled Modeling and Automatic Classification for Enhancing the Reusability of Problem Solving Methods of Expert Systems

Software reuse is widely believed to be a key to improving software productivity and quality in conventional software. In expert systems, much of the knowledge has been compiled (i.e., compressed and restricted into effective procedures) and this makes reusability difficult. One of the issues in modeling expert systems for enhanced reusability is capturing explicity the underlying problem solving designs. Principled knowledge representation schemes have been used to model components of complex software systems. However, the potential for applying these principled modeling techniques for explicitly capturing the problem solving designs of expert systems has not been fully explored. To overcome this omission, we use an Artificial Intelligence knowledge representation scheme for developing an ontology of the software components to facilitate their classification and retrieval. The application of our ontological approach is of both theoretical and practical significance. This method facilitates the reuse of high-level design. We illustrate the application of principled domain modeling using two real world applications of knowledge-based systems.     

飞行器动力学虚拟样机模型库的研究

模型库技术是虚拟样机技术的关键技术之一，模型的重用性、模型库管理系统及其建模环境又是当前模型库技术中的研究热点。该文针对飞行器动力学虚拟样机系统的特点，在对系统进行面向对象分析的基础上，论述了模型库系统中应用组件技术的必要性，并在模型设计构建中引入COM组件技术增强了模型重用性、通用性；设计的层次化模型库体系结构及相应的模型组织、管理方法及其在模型组件基础上的一种图形化建模方法，支持了动力学虚拟样机技术的研究。     

构件化动态政府门户通用平台的研究与应用

基于构件的软件开发可以复用已有的应用系统、应用框架,开发出具有良好的可维护性和软件资源的可复用性,并有较强的用户需求变化适应能力的软件。构件的可复用性越高、复用越广泛,其复用次数就会越多,价值也越大。该文研究了基于构件的通用政府门户平台,提出了基于构件的政务通门户系统开发框架,可重用构件是其重要的一部分。该门户平台类似于一个网站生成器,通过简单的拖拉拽等操作就可以完成不同政府的门户平台系统的生成工作。     

A model for software reuse

Software reusability is widely believed to be a key to help overcome the ongoing software crisis by improving software productivity and quality. New computer technology and the demands of an advancing society require new and more complicated software. It is unrealistic to expect that every software system can be developed solely reusing existing software; however, software reusability has proven to be a way of enhancing software productivity and quality in different organizations. It is also believed that reuse of code segments alone does not significantly reduce software development effort.By creating reuse support information while software is being developed (when the software is best known to software developers), the reuse effort for both software development and maintenance can be potentially reduced.In this paper, five types of RSI are presented: Semantic Web, Horizontal Web, Vertical Web, Syntactic Web, and Alternative Web. We collectively call these five webs a Quintet Web. The Semantic Web enables software developers to locate a software segment. The Horizontal Web provides a means to reuse a block of soflware along with other types of software from other phases of a development process. The inter-phase integration of software can be performed through this Web. The Vertical Web identifies the vertical relationship of a software block to its operational environment. The Syntactic Web locates all statements in which a variable is used. The Alternative Web provides alternative software blocks that perform an identical operation.A prototype of the Quintet Web is presented.