面向多ISP协同的域间路由策略管理方法

域间路由系统由多个自治系统互连而成,各自治系统根据自身的商业目标独立配置路由策略。由于各网络服务提供商（ISP）的策略隐私性以及边界网关协议（BGP）设计和实现上的缺陷,目前的域间路由系统在协同配置和协同安全方面存在明显的不足,对路由策略冲突,路由信息欺骗等问题缺乏有效的解决手段。域间路由协同策略管理方法采用分布式协同结构,利用隐私隐藏信息共享的方法,能够在实现自治系统隐私保护的前提下发现自治系统之间可能存在的路由策略冲突,解决各ISP在独立情况下无法进行的策略优化。     

面向多ISP协同的域问路由策略管理方法

域间路由系统由多个自治系统互连而成,各自治系统根据自身的商业目标独立配置路由策略。由于各网络服务提供商（ISP）的策略隐私性以及边界网关协议（BGP）设计和实现上的缺陷,目前的域间路由系统在协同配置和协同安全方面存在明显的不足,对路由策略冲突,路由信息欺骗等问题缺乏有效的解决手段。域间路由协同策略管理方法采用分布式协同结构,利用隐私隐藏信息共享的方法,能够在实现自治系统隐私保护的前提下发现自治系统之间可能存在的路由策略冲突,解决各ISP在独立情况下无法进行的策略优化。     

域间路由协同监测中的信息共享机制

路由协同监测通过在自治系统之间共享路由监测信息来形成更为完整的全局监测视图,从而克服域间路由系统自治性的制约,提高单个自治系统的路由监测能力.针对路由协同监测的核心问题——监测信息共享,基于自组织思想设计了信息共享机制CoISM.该机制利用BGP路由策略引起的信息局部性对路由监测信息的传播范围进行裁减和控制,在被动查询的基础上增加了信息"反射"行为,利用路由监测信息之间的相关性实现信息的主动推送,将自治系统的利益建立在主动信息共享这一利他行为的基础上.CoISM能够引导自治系统实现路由监测信息的自组织聚合与按需共享,具有激励性,能够促进自治系统之间的协同.该机制采用分布式体系结构,具有良好的扩展性和较低的通信开销,不需要修改BGP协议,支持可渐进部署,适用于域间路由协同监测、路由故障协同分析、协同入侵检测等多种跨域协同管理应用.     

互联网域间路由系统安全态势评估

基于边界网关协议BGP的互联网域间路由系统缺乏必要的安全机制,面临严重的安全威胁.尽管人们对BGP路由系统的安全问题进行了详尽研究,但是很少量化该系统的安全态势,并且网络管理员也确实需要有用的安全态势信息来感知自治系统(AS)的路由安全状况.为了解决这个问题,分析了互联网域间路由系统的层次特性,提出了一个基于BGP异常路由的安全评估模型.该方法的基本思想是基于BGP路由系统的层次特性构造路由状态树,准确地刻画BGP路由系统中各路由实体之间的层次关系、存储和表达每个实体的路由安全状态;并根据所检测的异常路由计算每个实体的路由安全状态.实验测试表明,该模型能同时评估BGP路由器、自治系统和互联网域间路由系统的安全威胁态势,可为网络管理员提供直观的安全态势曲线.     

BGP路由泄露研究

随着互联网规模的急剧扩大,边界网关协议（BGP,border gateway protocol）在域间路由系统中的作用愈加重要。BGP本身存在很大的安全隐患,导致前缀劫持、AS_PATH劫持及路由泄露攻击事件频频发生,给互联网造成了严峻的安全威胁。目前,国内外针对路由泄露的介绍及安全研究机制相对较少。对 BGP 路由泄露进行了详细研究,介绍了 BGP 内容、路由策略及制定规则,分析了重大路由泄露安全事件及发生路由泄露的6种类型,并比较了当前针对路由泄露的安全机制和检测方法,最后对路由泄露安全防范机制提出了新的展望。     

验证BGP的AS间路由转发及同步

边界网关协议BGP适合在多个AS自治系统间交换路由信息,对运营管理系统的集成和协调起着重要作用,通常对配置多个AS之间的路由转发及IBGP的路由同步存在诸多问题。通过搭建多自治系统的实验环境,在BGP网络中采用路由重发布、内部邻居设定、指定IBGP的next-hop、启用路由同步、路由汇总等方法,给出了针对所存在问题的解决方案并给予了论证。     

一种BGP路由配置错误动态检测方法

针对BGP路由源配置错误和路由输出配置错误，提出了一种BGP路由配置错误动态检查方法。该方法通过对入境和出境路由的地址前缀进行所属关系检测来确定所声明前缀的合法性，发现路由源配置错误。依据自治系统之间的商业关系，通过分析出入境路由的AS路径属性来发现违反路由输出原则的路由输出配置错误。通过仿真实验证明了所给方法的正确性和可行性。     

Co-Monitor:检测前缀劫持的协作监测机制

在如今的互联网中,网络管理员要想及时地发现前缀劫持事件非常困难.考虑到互联网域间路由系统中存在的自治特性,提出了在多个自治系统之间协作监测前缀的思想,并由此设计了一个实时检测前缀劫持的新方法——Co-Monitor机制.在Co-Monitor中,每个参与者与其他参与者交换自定义的前缀-源自治系统映射信息,同时,利用所学到的前缀-源自治系统映射信息实时地监测本地BGP(border gateway protocol)路由更新.一旦某个参与者发现了不一致就立刻通知相关的参与者,从而可帮助参与者及时、有效地发现前缀劫持.给出了Co-Monitor机制的详细设计,评估了该机制的检测能力,并讨论了几个相关的问题.实验结果表明,只需精心选择60个参与者,就可确保Co-Monitor系统检测前缀劫持的漏检率和误检率都为0%.     

防范前缀劫持的互联网注册机制

借鉴IRR(Internet routing registry)机制中注册路由策略的思想,提出了前缀策略(prefix policy)的概念,并由此设计了一种防范前缀劫持的方法—— E-IRR 机制.在E-IRR 中,参与者发布自己的前缀策略,同时利用其他自治系统已注册的前缀策略验证BGP路由,从而防范前缀劫持.提出了维护前缀策略有效性措施,评估了E-IRR机制的安全能力与性能.方法的主要优势是,其在前缀劫持的防范能力与安全机制的实际部署需求之间达到了一个较好平衡,可增量式地部署,并不需要对BGP协议进行任何安全扩展.现有方案都不同时具备这些特性,它们使得E-IRR有望实际可行地解决前缀劫持问题.     

互联网前缀劫持攻击研究

前缀劫持攻击是互联网BGP域间路由系统中的首要安全威胁,至今还无有效解决该问题的方案。以前缀劫持攻击为研究对象,分析了前缀劫持攻击产生的具体原因,展现了该攻击在自治系统内部以及在自治系统之间的表现形式与影响;从前缀劫持攻击的危害程度,分析并划分了前缀劫持攻击的基本形态,讨论了各种前缀劫持攻击的基本特性。分析结果表明,子前缀劫持的危害最严重,确切前缀劫持的影响最复杂,而父前缀劫持最易被发现且危害相对较小。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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