一种改进的NURBS曲线插补算法

针对NURBS曲线曲率变化过快或出现曲率不连续点会导致插补进给速率变化过快,超出机床的加减速能力。提出一种利用NURBS曲线曲率特征的改进插补算法。该算法根据NURBS曲线曲率的变化情况将曲线分成曲率平缓段和曲率突变段,在前瞻过程中扫描出曲率突变段,获得该段的起始点、终止点及最低速率点等信息,采用梯形加减速方法对该段进行速度规划,以满足机床动态特性,实现在曲率平缓段以指令速度插补,在曲率突变段以规划速度平滑插补。仿真实验结果表明,在保证加工精度的前提下,该增强算法以较高效率实现了曲率突变段的平滑插补。     

曲率单调分割NURBS曲线及双侧优化进给速度

针对常用速度规划方法忽视速度与NURBS曲线参数点之间贴合程度影响轮廓插补精度的问题,提出按曲率单调性分割NURBS曲线及其规划进给速度的算法.首先分析了NURBS曲率单调性;其次按照临界曲率点、临界曲率值点及曲率单调性转折点分割NURBS曲线,并求取各分段弧长;最后结合机床动力学性能,从曲率临界点出发,用S曲线分别向前、后2个方向朝曲率临界值点、曲率转折点优化进给速度.与常用规划算法进行对比的结果表明,该算法可以通过加工时间的较小延长,极大地提高轮廓插补精度.     

基于内部有 阶导矢限制的三次NURBS曲线延拓

本文提出了一种基于曲线内部有阶导矢限制的三次NURBS曲线的延拓算法。根据重置控制顶点、节点矢量和权因子,我可以能够将一条已有的NURBS曲线延拓至一个目标点甚至多个目标点。最后本文通过一些具体的算题来证明次算法的有效性。     

基于和参考曲线相似性的B样条曲线延拓

在曲线曲面修复中,有时需要对B样条曲线进行延拓,使得延拓后的曲线和给定的参考曲线尽可能相似.为此,将类曲率的概念推广到空间曲线的情形,并提出了类挠率的概念;且类曲率和类挠率在旋转、平移和等比例缩放变换下保持不变.在此基础上,提出了2条曲线相似性的一种度量,以及基于曲线间相似性的B样条曲线延拓算法.首先根据待延拓曲线和参考曲线的节点矢量,确定延拓后曲线的节点矢量;然后利用B样条端点松弛算法,得到在延拓后曲线中和原曲线相对应的那些控制顶点;最后通过使延拓后曲线和参考曲线相似性最大,确定其余控制点.对由仿真数据和飞机叶片上测量数据生成的曲线进行延伸的实验结果表明,文中算法得到的延拓曲线不仅与参考曲线具有很好的相似性,而且光顺性较好,并且不需要指定延拓的目标点.     

NURBS曲线高速高精度加工的插补控制

针对复杂零件高速精密加工的需求,提出了一种NURBS曲线的实时插补算法,它基于NURBS曲线的矩阵表示,通过适当的插补预处理、运用参数预估计与校正的插实施以及合理的近似计算方法,简化了插补的实时计算,保证了算法的实时性,特别是引入了插补误差和进给加速度的实时监控,使进给速度能随曲线曲率自适应调整,实现了NURBS曲线高速高精度加工的插补控制。     

三次有理Bézier曲线的光顺延拓

虽然曲线的延拓问题已有很多文献讨论,但有理Bezier曲线的延拓问题则鲜有人研究。给出了一种平面三次有理Bezier曲线的光顺延拓算法,该方法利用延拓曲线与原曲线在拼接点处满足C2连续的条件来初步确定延拓曲线的控制顶点,以延拓曲线应变能的近似表达式作为光顺准则,通过极小化应变能最终求得延拓曲线的权因子及控制顶点,从而获得光顺的延拓曲线。通过实例表明,该算法的效果是较好的。     

三次有理Bézier曲线的光顺延拓

虽然曲线的延拓问题已有很多文献讨论,但有理Bézier曲线的延拓问题则鲜有人研究.给出了一种平面三次有理Bézier曲线的光顺延拓算法,该方法利用延拓曲线与原曲线在拼接点处满足C2连续的条件来初步确定延拓曲线的控制顶点,以延拓曲线应变能的近似表达式作为光顺准则,通过极小化应变能最终求得延拓曲线的权因子及控制顶点,从而获得光顺的延拓曲线.通过实例表明,该算法的效果是较好的.     

带B样条曲率线的NURBS曲面设计

为了满足产品设计的需要,提出一种NURBS曲面设计算法用于构造插值曲率线的曲面.首先利用给定已知曲线作为公共曲率线的等参曲面束的表达式、B样条的导矢公式和2个B样条的乘积理论,给出以一条非均匀B样条曲线作为公共曲率线的等参曲面束的显式表达式;然后讨论插值曲面可用NURBS精确表示的必要条件,并给出2种表达式,得出以一条非均匀B样条平面曲线作为公共曲率线的曲面束的NURBS精确表达式,以及控制顶点的计算式.通过实例展示了曲面设计效果,表明算法是可行的.     

NURBS曲面上积分曲率线的B样条表示

对NURBS曲面的曲率线的积分进行了系统的公式推导，并利用NURBS曲面的离散法向量有效地简化了曲面第二基本量的计算，加速了Euler法迭代求解曲率线微分方程的过程；在求得曲率线上的离散点集以后，应用奇异混合插值技术，在可控精度内把曲率线用显式直接表示为位于NURBS曲面上的B样条曲线．文中的思想与算法有助于曲率线技术在计算机辅助几何设计及曲面造型中的使用与推广．     

基于曲率约束和位移补偿的NURBS曲线柔性高精插补方法

针对NURBS曲线插补过程中曲率极大值点附近进给速度容易超限和分段插补末端位移损失的问题,提出一种基于曲率约束和位移补偿的NURBS曲线柔性高精插补方法.首先根据NURBS曲线曲率极大值对曲线进行分段并计算每段弧长,结合曲线曲率变化和机床动力学性能得到进给速度约束;然后以加加速度渐变的柔性加减速方法进行速度控制,根据曲线分段长度和曲率采取对应的速度规划策略;在实时插补中,根据实际位移计算各插补周期的平均速度并对末端位移损失进行补偿,将连续的速度曲线离散为各周期的阶跃速度变化;最后以改进的牛顿迭代方法计算插补参数,输出插补点坐标.仿真实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地提高插补精度,降低速度波动.     

Polar NURBS Surface with Curvature Continuity

Polar NURBS surface is a kind of periodic NURBS surface, one boundary of which shrinks to a degenerate polar point. The specific topology of its control‐point mesh offers the ability to represent a cap‐like surface, which is common in geometric modeling. However, there is a critical and challenging problem that hinders its application: curvature continuity at the extraordinary singular pole. We first propose a sufficient and necessary condition of curvature continuity at the pole. Then, we present constructive methods for the two key problems respectively: how to construct a polar NURBS surface with curvature continuity and how to reform an ordinary polar NURBS surface to curvature continuous. The algorithms only depend on the symbolic representation and operations of NURBS, and they introduce no restrictions on the degree or the knot vectors. Examples and comparisons demonstrate the applications of the curvature‐continuous polar NURBS surface in hole‐filling and free‐shape modeling.     

Computational methods for blending surface approximation

Blending surfaces form a smooth transition between two distinct, intersecting surfaces or smoothly join two or more disconnected surfaces and are normally procedural surfaces which are difficult to exchange and to interrogate in a reliable and efficient manner. In this paper, an approximation method for blending surfaces which are curvature continuous to the underlying surfaces with a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surface is presented. The use of NURBS is important since it facilitates the exchange of geometric information between various computer aided design and manufacturing systems. In the method, linkage curves on the underlying surfaces are approximated to within a specified tolerance and cross-link curves are created using the linkage curves, a directional curve and the parametric partial derivatives of the underlying surfaces. Cross-link curves are lofted to form the blending surface and an adaptive sampling procedure is used to test the blending surface against specified tolerances. Cross-link curves are added, where necessary, and the surface relofted until the continuity conditions are satisfied to within specified tolerances. Examples illustrate the applicability of the method.     

Gregory-type patches bounded by low degree intergral curves for G continuity

G² continuity of free-form surfaces is sometimes very important in engineering applications. The conditions for G² continuity to connect two Bézier patches were studied and methods have been developed to ensure it. However, they have some restrictions on the shapes of patches of the Bézierpatch formulation. Gregory patch is a kind of free-form surface patch which is extended from Bézier patch so that four first derivatives on its boundary curves can be specified without restrictions of the compatibility condition. Several types of Gregory patches have been developed for intergral, rational, and NURBS boundary curves. In this paper, we propose some intergral boundary Gregorytype patches bounded by cubic and quartic curves for G² continuity.     

Multi-degree reduction of NURBS curves based on their explicit matrix representation and polynomial approximation theory

NURBS curve is one of the most commonly used tools in CAD systems and geometric modeling for its various specialties, which means that its shape is locally adjustable as well as its continuity order, and it can represent a conic curve precisely. But how to do degree reduction of NURBS curves in a fast and efficient way still remains a puzzling problem. By applying the theory of the best uniform approximation of Chebyshev polynomials and the explicit matrix representation of NURBS curves, this paper gives the necessary and sufficient condition for degree reducible NURBS curves in an explicit form. And a new way of doing degree reduction of NURBS curves is also presented, including the multi-degree reduction of a NURBS curve on each knot span and the multi-degree reduction of a whole NURBS curve. This method is easy to carry out, and only involves simple calculations. It provides a new way of doing degree reduction of NURBS curves, which can be widely used in computer graphics and industrial design.     

The feedrate scheduling of NURBS interpolator for CNC machine tools

This paper proposes an off-line feedrate scheduling method of CNC machines constrained by chord tolerance, acceleration and jerk limitations. The off-line process for curve scanning and feedrate scheduling is realized as a pre-processor, which releases the computational burden in real-time task. The proposed method first scans a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curve and finds out the crucial points with large curvature (named as critical point) or G⁰ continuity (named as breakpoint). Then, the NURBS curve is divided into several NURBS sub-curves using curve splitting method which guarantees the convergence of predictor–corrector interpolation (PCI) algorithm. The suitable feedrate at critical point is adjusted according to the limits of chord error, centripetal acceleration and jerk, and at breakpoint is adjusted based on the formulation of velocity variation. The feedrate profile corresponding to each NURBS block is constructed according to the block length and the given limits of acceleration and jerk. In addition, feedrate compensation method for short NURBS blocks is performed to make the jerk-limited feedrate profile more continuous and precise. Because the feedrate profile is established in off-line, the calculation of NURBS interpolation is extremely efficient for CNC high-speed machining. Finally, simulations and experiments with two free-form NURBS curves are conducted to verify the feasibility and applicability of the proposed method.     

NURBS曲面G~1光滑拼接算法

非均匀有理Ｂ样条（ＮＵＲＢＳ）曲线、曲面造型方法，是当前ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＭ领域研究热点之一，大量的基于ＮＵＲＢＳ的实用造型系统得到发展。对ＮＵＲＢＳ而言，虽然具有参数连续性，但为了实用需要，仍需构造具有一定光滑程度的合成曲面，满足局部设计和修改的目的。本文给出了实用的具有二次公共边界曲线的ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面片Ｇ１光滑拼接条件，得到了相应控制顶点、权系数的具体算法；对于一个已知ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面，构造另一个ＮＵＲＢＳ曲面，使其达到Ｇ１拼接是简单易行的。     

曲率连续的有理二次样条插值的一种优化方法

人们通常用有理三次曲线样条来构造整体曲率连续的曲线.提出利用有理二次样条曲线插值整体曲率连续的曲线的一种方法.首先导出了两相邻二次曲线段间曲率连续的拼接条件,然后提出了求解平面上一个闭的点列中每一点处的切线的最优算法.最后给出了闭曲线插值的一些实例以检验方法的有效性.     

Accurate parametrization of conics by NURBS

One argument often given to explain the popularity of NURBS (nonuniform rational B-spline) is that it permits the definition of free-form curves and surfaces (as do most spline models). It also provides an exact representation of conic sections and thus of a large set of curves and surfaces used intensively in CAD: circular arcs, circles, cylinders, cones, spheres, surfaces of revolution and so forth. Nevertheless, few published works discuss the mathematical properties behind the representation of conics by NURBS except for two monographs by Piegl and Tiller (1995) and Farin (1995). The article does not pretend to fill this theoretical lack but rather deals with the following problems: all known NURBS representations of curves and surfaces based on conics have only a C^l continuity. Moreover, no technique exists that would eventually allow us to find a parametrization with a higher level of continuity. The parametrization resulting from the NURBS representation of conics can deviate significantly from the ideal are length (that is, uniform) parametrization. The only known solution to reduce this deviation is to increase the number of control points of the spline by using refinement algorithms, for instance, but such a process converges only slowly to the uniform parametrization. The solution proposed uses an original reparametrization process called zigzag reparametrization, based on a specific family of rational polynomials     

基于C1连续的NURBS边界Gregory曲面片实现曲面拼接

该文通过使用C1连续的NUR BS边界Gregory(N BG)曲面片进行插值,实现曲面拼接,使得在曲面连接处达到G1连续。实现了插值曲面的高阶连续,解决了用平滑的NUR BS曲面对曲线网格区域进行插值这一难以实现的问题,使用户在设计曲线网格时,只需考虑形状设计而不必关心曲线的类型及插值到曲线网格区域的曲面方程。