一种基于信噪比加权共识的合作频谱感知算法

以基于平均共识的分布式合作频谱感知算法为基础,提出了一种基于信噪比加权共识的合作频谱感知算法.该算法在平均共识收敛过程中引入能够反映用户的平均信噪比的权重,并以平均共识收敛值为参考确定相应的权重.在不需要信噪比信息的条件下,算法实现了认知Ad Hoc网络中基于信噪比的频谱感知信息加权共识.分析和仿真表明,在用户具有不同的平均信噪比的情况下,该算法克服了基于平均共识的分布式合作频谱感知算法无法体现用户信噪比差异的缺陷,提高了频谱感知的性能.     

基于节点识别的协作频谱检测算法

在认知无线网络协作频谱感知过程中,感知节点所处的恶劣信道环境会导致本地频谱检测结果发生偏差,有时一些故障节点或恶意节点发送的误导信息来干扰认证网络融合中心的全局判决.根据认知网络感知节点的历史感知信息,将感知节点分为可信节点、不可信节点和故障或恶意节点,提出了一种基于节点识别的协作频谱检测算法.在该算法中,融合中心舍弃故障或恶意节点,使其不得参与数据融合,同时也不考虑不可信节点当前发送的本地检测结果.这样,一方面消除了故障或恶意节点对全局频谱判决的影响,另一方面降低了融合中心计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,该算法能有效克服故障或恶意节点的干扰,提高认证网络协作频谱检测性能.     

基于时序马尔可夫链的分布式频谱检测

针对无线传感网络中的合作谱检测问题,提出一种基于时序马尔可夫链的分布式频谱检测算法。假定单节点对频谱的感知是一个马尔可夫过程,本地序列检测采用序列概率比测试进行频谱探测,得到本地序列检测值。各个感知节点将检测结果发送到数据融合中心,根据设定门限确定最终检测结果。通过Matlab仿真验证了该算法的时序检测性能。     

有向传感网分块区域p-覆盖节点调度算法研究

本文研究了分块区域p-覆盖的有向传感网节点调度问题,并提出了一种有效延长网络生存时间的节点调度方案。将区域划分为拥有不同监测需求的子区域,从有向传感器节点感知模型出发,设计了基于网格划分的节点感知范围度量方法,并在此基础上提出了分布式分区域节点调度算法DSSA( Distributed Subarea Sensor-schedule Algorithm),该算法是一个选取最少数量的节点去对每一个子区域进行p-覆盖的分布式贪心算法。算法同时还考虑了整体网络的连通。通过仿真深入评估了DSSA算法的性能。对比实验结果表明,DSSA算法可以显著延长网络生存时间。     

基于分布式估计扩散机制的协作频谱感知方法

研究网络通信频谱优化问题,在分布式网络中,多节点联合估计未知参数.为了满足实时性要求,提出了一种扩散机制的协作频谱感知算法.算法采用扩散矩阵作为加权因子协作更新目标状态估计值,且以较小的均方误差快速实现对信号能量的最优估计.传统的协作感知方法快速性差.提出的算法不需要融合中心,能很好适应拓扑结构动态变化的随机网络.仿真结果表明,改进算法与分布式平均一致性估计算法相比,能够提高实时性并显著改善认知无线电网络的频谱感知性能.     

基于联盟构造博弈的认知无线电网络分布式多目标协作感知算法

协作感知技术可提高认知无线电网络中的频谱资源利用率,但网络节点在形成协作感知联盟的同时也不可避免地引入了额外开销,联盟内节点总希望用较少的额外能量开销达到较大的吞吐量期望.为此,文中提出了协作感知系统的多目标非线性优化问题,然后基于联盟博弈理论为该问题构建了一个不可转移支付的联盟构造博弈模型,在其核心的支付函数的设计中,采用线性加权和的方法同时考虑了节点吞吐最期望和能量消耗两个优化目标.基于该函数,提出了一种分布式多目标联盟构造算法DMCF,其核心是根据优超算子所定义的联盟的帕累托顺序,循环地对联盟进行合并和分裂操作.此外,还证明了DMCF的收敛性和最终联盟划分的稳定性.仿真实验的结果表明,DMCF可有效解决提出的多目标优化问题,与一种分布式随机联盟构造算法DRCF相比,DMCF总能使节点消耗较少能量却达到相对较大的吞吐量期望.在不同网络规模下,DMCF可获得的节点平均吞吐量期望可提升约7.5％,而节点平均能量消耗却可降低约70％.     

基于Agent的协作频谱感知算法

为了提高认知无线电频谱感知技术的性能, 提出一种新的基于Agent的协作频谱感知算法。该算法在本地检测中使用多门限能量检测,同时将认知节点估计的信噪比的值发送到Agent控制中心,在控制中心根据每一个认知节点发送的信噪比的值和该节点与发射机的距离进行权衡,选取可靠性和有效性较高的认知节点参与判决融合。仿真结果表明,该算法能够很好地提高认知无线电网络的协作频谱感知能力,同时在一定程度上减少了原有协作感知算法中参与感知节点的数目。     

基于能耗的分簇频谱感知方法

在协作频谱感知中,当信道经历衰落和阴影时,各用户的感知性能会有不同程度影响,某些受影响严重的次用户甚至可能会严重影响到整个感知网络的性能.同时参与协作的用户数越多,认知传感器网络面临的问题越大.为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于能耗的分簇协作感知算法.该算法引入基于节点能量的LEACH分簇算法,将认知传感器网络中的各个节点按该分簇算法分入若干簇内;在每个簇内,构造了同时考虑检测性能和能量消耗的效用函数,基于该效用函数对最佳协作用户数和用户进行选择,使每个簇内的检测性能和能耗达到很好的折中;在汇聚节点运用OR规则将簇头发送过来的感知信息进行融合,得到最终判决结果.仿真结果表明,该基于能耗的分簇协作频谱感知算法可以有效地延长认知传感器网络的生存时间,节省网络的能耗,并且保证良好的检测性能.     

一种无线传感器网络定位问题中的分簇算法

本文提出一种用于平面无线传感器网络定位的分簇算法.首先,锚节点根据地理位置划分感知区域;然后,通过拓扑发现过程和锚节点问的信息交换,实现锚节点对周围网络拓扑的感知;最后,根据就近原则将所有未知节点分配到以锚节点为边缘的各个子区域中,而分配到各个子区域中的未知节.点和边缘的锚节点,则构成网络中的各个簇,并由每个簇的主节点保存本簇内全部拓扑信息.该算法可以实现多跳节点的分簇,并且具有较小的通信量,可用于多种基于分簇的分布式定位算法中,有助于解决大规模无线传感器网络的定位问题.仿真实验结果显示,在锚节点按网格分布和随机分布两种情况下,该算法都可以得到良好的分簇结果.     

认知无线电网络中利用FEC和DE的多节点频谱感知算法

针对认知无线电网络(CRN)中空闲频谱感知困难的问题,提出了利用前向纠错和差分进化算法的多节点频谱感知算法;首先,利用基于差分进化算法的协同检测完成信号感知;然后,研究了信道噪声对频谱感知性能的影响;最后,分析了前向纠错技术在信道存在噪声时对频谱感知性能的影响;仿真实验将纠错和无纠错控制信道的不同信噪比作为依据,采用3种不同的检测方法评估了文章的算法;结果表明,在存在噪声的认知无线电网络中,该算法提高了系统的性能和检测概率,且协同感知算法的性能随着节点数目的增加而提高,该算法适合应用于实时性要求较高的应用程序.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate