基于二次分配问题的混合蚁群算法

二次分配问题是组合优化领域中经典的NP-hard问题之一,应用广泛。在对二次分配问题进行分析的基础上,提出了一种求解该问题的混合蚁群算法。该算法通过在蚁群算法中引入遗传算法的2-交换变异算子,增强了算法的局部搜索能力,提高了解的质量。实验结果表明,该算法在求解二次分配问题时优于蚁群算法和遗传算法。     

A hyper-heuristic based framework for dynamic optimization problems

Most of the real world problems have dynamic characteristics, where one or more elements of the underlying model for a given problem including the objective, constraints or even environmental parameters may change over time. Hyper-heuristics are problem-independent meta-heuristic techniques that are automating the process of selecting and generating multiple low-level heuristics to solve static combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper, we present a novel hybrid strategy for applicability of hyper-heuristic techniques on dynamic environments by integrating them with the memory/search algorithm. The memory/search algorithm is an important evolutionary technique that have applied on various dynamic optimization problems. We validate performance of our method by considering both the dynamic generalized assignment problem and the moving peaks benchmark. The former problem is extended from the generalized assignment problem by changing resource consumptions, capacity constraints and costs of jobs over time; and the latter one is a well-known synthetic problem that generates and updates a multidimensional landscape consisting of several peaks. Experimental evaluation performed on various instances of the given two problems validates that our hyper-heuristic integrated framework significantly outperforms the memory/search algorithm.     

Evolutionary algorithm with a directional local search for multiobjective optimization in combinatorial problems

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are often employed to multiobjective optimization, because they process an entire population of solutions which can be used as an approximation of the Pareto front of the tackled problem. It is a common practice to couple local search with evolutionary algorithms, especially in the context of combinatorial optimization. In this paper a new local search method is proposed that utilizes the knowledge concerning promising search directions. The proposed method can be used as a general framework and combined with many methods of iterating over a neighbourhood of an initial solution as well as various decomposition approaches. In the experiments the proposed local search method was used with an EA and tested on 2-, 3- and 4-objective versions of two well-known combinatorial optimization problems: the travelling salesman problem (TSP) and the quadratic assignment problem (QAP). For comparison two well-known local search methods, one based on Pareto dominance and the other based on decomposition, were used with the same EA. The results show that the EA coupled with the directional local search yields better results than the same EA coupled with any of the two reference methods on both the TSP and QAP problems.     

Choice function based hyper-heuristics for multi-objective optimization

A selection hyper-heuristic is a high level search methodology which operates over a fixed set of low level heuristics. During the iterative search process, a heuristic is selected and applied to a candidate solution in hand, producing a new solution which is then accepted or rejected at each step. Selection hyper-heuristics have been increasingly, and successfully, applied to single-objective optimization problems, while work on multi-objective selection hyper-heuristics is limited. This work presents one of the initial studies on selection hyper-heuristics combining a choice function heuristic selection methodology with great deluge and late acceptance as non-deterministic move acceptance methods for multi-objective optimization. A well-known hypervolume metric is integrated into the move acceptance methods to enable the approaches to deal with multi-objective problems. The performance of the proposed hyper-heuristics is investigated on the Walking Fish Group test suite which is a common benchmark for multi-objective optimization. Additionally, they are applied to the vehicle crashworthiness design problem as a real-world multi-objective problem. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the non-deterministic move acceptance, particularly great deluge when used as a component of a choice function based selection hyper-heuristic.     

Solving the quadratic assignment problem with clues from nature

This paper describes a new evolutionary approach to solving quadratic assignment problems. The proposed technique is based loosely on a class of search and optimization algorithms known as evolution strategies (ES). These methods are inspired by the mechanics of biological evolution and have been applied successfully to a variety of difficult problems, particularly in continuous optimization. The combinatorial variant of ES presented here performs very well on the given test problems as compared with the standard 2-Opt heuristic and results with simulated annealing and tabu search. Extensions for practical applications in factory layout are described.     

Iterated fast local search algorithm for solving quadratic assignment problems

This paper concentrates on multi-row machine layout problems that can be accurately formulated as quadratic assignment problems (QAPs). A genetic algorithm-based local search approach is proposed for solving QAPs. In the proposed algorithm, three different mutation operators namely adjacent, pair-wise and insertion or sliding operators are separately combined with a local search method to form a mutation cycle. Effectiveness of introducing the mutation cycle in place of mutation is studied. Performance of the proposed iterated approach is analyzed and the solution qualities obtained are reported.     

啤酒原料配方的蚁群优化设计研究

啤酒配方优化是提高啤酒企业生产效率的重要途径。但对于配方优化问题,传统的数学优化方法实现较为复杂,缺乏全局最优解搜索的鲁棒性。蚁群算法目前多用于组合优化问题,但它在演化过程中有收敛慢、耗时长的缺点。因此,提出了变尺度蚁群算法,在迭代过程中不断收缩蚂蚁的搜索范围以提高优化效率。并研究了变尺度蚁群算法在啤酒配方优化中的应用,在满足生产指标前提下,实现配方的原料总成本最低。其应用结果表明：针对啤酒配方优化这类连续域问题,变尺度蚁群算法具有更强的全局搜索能力和鲁棒性,并易于实现,具有实际应用价值。     

二次分配问题的改进粒子群优化算法

粒子群优化算法已经成功地应用于求解连续域问题,但是对于离散域问题的求解,尤其涉及组合优化问题的研究和应用还很少。二次分配问题本身是一个离散域问题,因此,使用粒子群算法求解二次分配问题是一个新的研究方向。文章引入交叉策略和变异策略对粒子群优化算法进行改造,使得粒子群优化算法可以用来解决二次分配问题。     

一种求解多目标组合优化的遗传局部搜索算法

为改善遗传算法求解多目标组合优化问题的搜索效率,提出一种新的遗传局部搜索算法.算法采取非劣解并行局部搜索策略以及基于分散度的精英选择策略,并采用基于NSGA-Ⅱ的适应度赋值方式和二元赌轮选择操作,以提高算法收敛性,保持群体多样性.实验结果表明,新算法能够产生数量较多分布较广的近似Pareto最优解.     

基于遗传和声算法求解函数优化问题*

针对遗传算法和和声搜索算法各自的特点,提出了一种新的搜索算法——遗传和声算法（GAHS）。新算法利用遗传算法改进了和声算法中和声记忆库初始解的产生方式,同时对和声算法中新解的产生方式也作了改进;将此改进算法应用到函数优化问题中,并分别对六个测试函数进行了仿真,用于验证算法的可行性。仿真结果表明,遗传和声算法提高了函数优化的搜索效率,具有较高的寻优性能和较强的跳出局部极小的能力。     

An effective hybrid harmony search-based algorithm for solving multidimensional knapsack problems

This study presents an effective hybrid algorithm based on harmony search (HHS) for solving multidimensional knapsack problems (MKPs). In the proposed HHS algorithm, a novel harmony improvisation mechanism is developed with the modified memory consideration rule and the global-best pitch adjustment scheme to enhance the global exploration. A parallel updating strategy is employed to enrich the harmony memory diversity. To well balance the exploration and the exploitation, the fruit fly optimization (FFO) scheme is integrated as a local search strategy. For solving MKPs, binary strings are used to represent solutions and two repair operators are applied to guarantee the feasibility of the solutions. The HHS is calibrated based on the Taguchi method of design-of-experiment. Extensive numerical investigations based on well-known benchmark instances are conducted. The comparative evaluations indicate the HHS is much more effective than the existing HS and FFO variants in solving MKPs.     

Mathematical modeling and heuristic approaches to flexible job shop scheduling problems

Scheduling for the flexible job shop is very important in both fields of production management and combinatorial optimization. However, it is quite difficult to achieve an optimal solution to this problem in medium and actual size problem with traditional optimization approaches owing to the high computational complexity. For solving the realistic case with more than two jobs, two types of approaches have been used: hierarchical approaches and integrated approaches. In hierarchical approaches assignment of operations to machines and the sequencing of operations on the resources or machines are treated separately, i.e., assignment and sequencing are considered independently, where in integrated approaches, assignment and sequencing are not differentiated. In this paper, a mathematical model and heuristic approaches for flexible job shop scheduling problems (FJSP) are considered. Mathematical model is used to achieve optimal solution for small size problems. Since FJSP is NP-hard problem, two heuristics approaches involve of integrated and hierarchical approaches are developed to solve the real size problems. Six different hybrid searching structures depending on used searching approach and heuristics are presented in this paper. Numerical experiments are used to evaluate the performance of the developed algorithms. It is concluded that, the hierarchical algorithms have better performance than integrated algorithms and the algorithm which use tabu search and simulated annealing heuristics for assignment and sequencing problems consecutively is more suitable than the other algorithms. Also the numerical experiments validate the quality of the proposed algorithms.     

一个基于填充函数变换的对称TSP问题的局部搜索算法

该文提出了求对称TSP问题近优解的填充函数算法。首先，在用局部搜索算法求得对称TSP问题的一个局部极小解后，对该问题作填充函数变换得到一新的组合优化问题，新问题的局部极小解和最优解分别是原问题的局部极小解和最优解，而且在对称TSP问题的目标函数值大于或等于其目标函数当前极小值的区域中，新问题只有一个已知的局部极小解。随后用局部搜索算法求新问题的一个局部极小解，它或者是已知的局部极小解，或者是对称TSP问题的更好的局部极小解。对多个标准实例的计算试验表明，该文所构造的算法优于直接求解对称TSP问题的局部搜索算法。     

A hybrid metaheuristic for multiobjective unconstrained binary quadratic programming

The conventional unconstrained binary quadratic programming (UBQP) problem is known to be a unified modeling and solution framework for many combinatorial optimization problems. This paper extends the single-objective UBQP to the multiobjective case (mUBQP) where multiple objectives are to be optimized simultaneously. We propose a hybrid metaheuristic which combines an elitist evolutionary multiobjective optimization algorithm and a state-of-the-art single-objective tabu search procedure by using an achievement scalarizing function. Finally, we define a formal model to generate mUBQP instances and validate the performance of the proposed approach in obtaining competitive results on large-size mUBQP instances with two and three objectives.     

An effective heuristic algorithm for the maximum satisfiability problem

Stochastic local search algorithms (SLS) have been increasingly applied to approximate solutions of the weighted maximum satisfiability problem (MAXSAT), a model for solutions of major problems in AI and combinatorial optimization. While MAXSAT instances have generally a strong intrinsic dependency between their variables, most of SLS algorithms start the search process with a random initial solution where the value of each variable is generated independently with the same uniform distribution. In this paper, we propose a new SLS algorithm for MAXSAT based on an unconventional distribution known as the Bose-Einstein distribution in quantum physics. It provides a stochastic initialization scheme to an efficient and very simple heuristic inspired by the co-evolution process of natural species and called Extremal Optimization (EO). This heuristic was introduced for finding high quality solutions to hard optimization problems such as colouring and partitioning. We examine the effectiveness of the resulting algorithm by computational experiments on a large set of test instances and compare it with some of the most powerful existing algorithms. Our results are remarkable and show that this approach is appropriate for this class of problems.     

Diversity-adaptive parallel memetic algorithm for solving large scale combinatorial optimization problems

Parallel memetic algorithms (PMAs) are a class of modern parallel meta-heuristics that combine evolutionary algorithms, local search, parallel and distributed computing technologies for global optimization. Recent studies on PMAs for large-scale complex combinatorial optimization problems have shown that they converge to high quality solutions significantly faster than canonical GAs and MAs. However, the use of local learning for every individual throughout the PMA search can be a very computationally intensive and inefficient process. This paper presents a study on two diversity-adaptive strategies, i.e., (1) diversity-based static adaptive strategy (PMA-SLS) and (2) diversity-based dynamic adaptive strategy (PMA-DLS) for controlling the local search frequency in the PMA search. Empirical study on a class of NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, particularly large-scale quadratic assignment problems (QAPs) shows that the diversity-adaptive PMA converges to competitive solutions at significantly lower computational cost when compared to the canonical MA and PMA. Furthermore, it is found that the diversity-based dynamic adaptation strategy displays better robustness in terms of solution quality across the class of QAP problems considered. Static adaptation strategy on the other hand requires extra effort in selecting suitable parameters to suit the problems in hand.     

A parallel adaptive tabu search approach

This paper presents a new approach for parallel tabu search based on adaptive parallelism. Adaptive parallelism was used to dynamically adjust the parallelism degree of the application with respect to the system load. Adaptive parallelism demonstrates that high-performance computing using a hundred of heterogeneous workstations combined with massively parallel machines is feasible to solve large optimization problems. The parallel tabu search algorithm includes different tabu list sizes and new intensification/diversification mechanisms. Encouraging results have been obtained in solving the quadratic assignment problem. We have improved the best known solutions for some large real-world problems.     

VB环境下的模拟退火算法求指派问题

模拟退火算法是一种随机搜索算法,可应用于许多前提信息很少的问题,能渐进地收敛于全局最优解。指派问题是组合优化问题中的一种,可用模拟退火算法来解此问题。模拟退火算法解决指派问题时,需要考虑实现此算法的技术问题,例如解的形式,初始温度的计算,邻域的生成方式,解的接受和舍弃,内外循环的中止条件等。在VB编程环境下,实现了该算法的求解过程。实例仿真表明了该方法能够以一定的概率跳出局部最优而实现全局寻优。     

A GES/TS algorithm for the job shop scheduling

The job shop scheduling problem is a difficult combinatorial optimization problem. This paper presents a hybrid algorithm which combines global equilibrium search, path relinking and tabu search to solve the job shop scheduling problem. The proposed algorithm used biased random sampling to have a better covering of the solution space. In addition, a new version of N6 neighborhood is applied in a tabu search framework. In order to evaluate the algorithm, comprehensive tests are applied to it using various standard benchmark sets. Computational results confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm and its high speed. Besides, 19 new upper bounds among the unsolved problems are found.     

多维多极值函数优化的和声退火算法

针对多极值实函数优化问题,本文结合和声搜索与模拟退火算法,提出了一种新的搜索算法,即和声退火算法。新算法保留了和声搜索的搜索机理,但对和声搜索中于和声记忆库外的搜索方法用超快速模拟退火算法作了改进,对和声记忆库内新解产生方法也作了相应的调整,从而提高了对多维问题的搜索效率。数值实验结果表明算法对和声搜索有明显的改进,收敛速度更快,跳出局部极值点的能力较强。新算法在解决多维多极值优化问题方面比遗传算法更具效率,值得进一步研究与推广应用。