双端有源MMC-HVDC系统的控制策略研究

多端模块化多电平变流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)一直是柔性高压直流输电系统(High Voltage Direct Current,HVDC)工程应用的重要部分,因此对其控制策略的研究很有实际意义。本文基于三相静止坐标系下MMC的数学模型,建立了dq旋转坐标系下的数学模型,根据瞬时功率理论设计出外环功率和内环电流的MMC-HVDC系统控制器。针对传统电容电压平衡策略的问题,从减少开关频率的角度提出了改进型的子模块电容均压方式。由于本文中真模型中相单元子模块过多,为使系统更稳定可靠运行采用了最近电平逼近策略(nearest level modulation,NLM)。最后在Matlab/Simulink仿真软件中搭建89电平双端有源MMC-HVDC系统模型,从改变控制器参考值、有功功率反转等角度对控制系统进行仿真分析对比,验证了MMC-HVDC系统控制器的可靠性和稳定性。     

井下柔性直流输电系统换流站设计

针对煤矿井下供电负荷、供电距离、供电系统有功损耗均较大,且负载侧存在电压偏低和闪变等问题的现状,将基于模块化多电平换流站的柔性直流输电(MMC-HVDC)系统应用到井下供电系统,重点介绍了该系统中换流站(MMC)的拓扑结构、数学模型、参数及控制器设计等。井下MMC-HVDC系统包含整流站和逆变站2个MMC,整流站采用快速电流内环控制和定直流电压、定无功功率外环控制的双闭环控制结构,逆变站采用定交流电压控制;MMC均采用载波移相脉宽调制和基于能量均分控制、电压平衡控制的均压策略。在PSCAD/EMTDC软件中对井下MMC-HVDC系统进行仿真实验,结果表明:井下MMCHVDC系统在稳态运行时具有良好的动态响应,实现了有功和无功功率独立控制,提高了直流输电效率;系统受到因井下负荷变化引起的扰动时可以较快的速度调节有功和无功功率,快速稳定直流输电电压,同时将逆变站输出电压幅值和相位稳定在额定值。     

MMC的优化开关频率法研究

模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)不仅没有类似箝位型多电平换流器直流母线之间的直流电容器组,还具有级联型换流器"模块化"的优点,因此模块化多电平换流器在高压直流输电中具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了MMC的数学模型和工作原理,提出了一种优化载波移相SPWM,并在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了基于开关频率优化PWM法的MMC仿真系统,仿真结果验证了所提方法具有直流电压利用率高、等效开关损耗小等优点。     

基于DC/DC变换器的柔性直流输电数学建模仿真

为缓解高质量电压对直流输电线路造成的抑制影响,充分增强柔性直流输电网络的可靠性与灵活性,建立基于DC/DC变换器的柔性直流输电数学应用模型.通过DC/DC变换器控制的方式,选择与变换器结构体相关的拓扑连接行为,再利用高频变压器原副边匝数比数值,实现基于DC/DC变换器的直流输电特性分析.设置MMC基本控制器,采取内外环控制同步实施的方法,完成输电网络环境中的三次谐波调制,实现基于DC/DC变换器的柔性直流输电数学应用模型的顺利应用.仿真结果表明,应用所提方法的柔性直流输电网络中的电压传输量、电流传输量均出现明显增大的变化趋势,输出功率稳定,可有效缓解高质量电压对直流输电线路造成的抑制性影响.     

应用于VSC-HVDC的模块化多电平变换技术研究

近几年来,电力电子技术快速发展,VSC-HVDC在电力电子行业中发挥了重要作用,特别是提出了采用级联子模块的模块化多电平变换器拓扑(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)。该技术的应用更便于集成和进行调试安装,方便开关控件增加装置容量以及控制好电压等级。同时,考虑到MMC具有直流母线,同VSC-HVDC的应用理念比较契合。但同时子模块电容电压不均衡与环流问题严重影响MMC对于精准度的控制,易发生一些突发的状况,造成保护机器的成本过高。     

并联全桥子模块MMC直流故障抑制性能仿真分析

基于并联全桥子模块(Paralleled Full-bridge Sub-modules,P-FBSM)的模块化多电平换流器(Modular Multilevel Converter,MMC)因具备良好的自均压能力和电流通流能力在高电平应用领域得到重视。目前针对P-FBSM-MMC的研究侧重于其自均压特性,而对直流故障阻断机理分析较少。文章为研究P-FBSM-MMC系统在发生直流侧双极短路情况下的故障电流抑制能力和恢复能力,首先分析P-FBSM-MMC在发生直流侧双极短路故障时的故障电流通路,然后利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件搭建21电平P-FBSM-MMC和半桥子模块(Half-bridge Sub-modules,HBSM)MMC仿真模型,分析了P-FBSM-MMC在直流侧双极短路故障情况下的故障电流、直流侧电压以及故障恢复能力。通过与HBSM-MMC仿真结果对比验证得出结论：P-FBSM-MMC在发生直流侧双极短路故障情况下通过闭锁所有IGBT能够有效抑制故障电流,且直流电压能在解锁IGBT后的较短时间内恢复到额定值,对未来P-FBSM-MMC的研究有较大参考价值。     

基于载波混合SPWM控制模块化多电平变换器的研究

模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)是柔性直流输电的应用热点之一。针对传统脉冲宽度调制方式在MMC系统中存在使每个模块单元输出功率不等,输出波形性能降低等问题,提出了一种基于载波混合脉冲宽度调制策略(carrier-based hybrid SPWM,CBH-SPWM)。该调制策略同时包含了载波重叠和载波移相两种调制方法的特点。一方面提高了输出电压的性能,另一方面使MMC中每个模块输出功率相等。仿真结果验证了所提CBH-SPWM方法的正确性与有效性。     

MMC型换流器电容电压波动抑制方法研究北大核心CSCD

为了解决模块化多电平换流器(MMC)电容电压波动导致的换流器成本与体积增加等问题,提出了一种电容电压二倍频纹波抑制方法。首先从能量脉动角度推导了电容电压波动的数学模型,比较了不同二倍频环流对MMC电容电压波动抑制效果的影响;然后采用Clark变换将桥臂共模电压分解为αβ轴分量,利用准比例谐振控制器生成桥臂环流参考值,设计内环控制器对外环控制器生成的桥臂环流参考值进行跟踪,从而抑制子模块电容电压波动;最后在MATLAB/Simulink仿真系统上对所提控制策略进行仿真验证,通过对比传统环流抑制策略与所提控制策略对电容电压波动的抑制效果,证明了所提方法可有效抑制电容电压波动,改善输出电压的波形质量。     

一种新型DSTATCOM用于电弧炉柔性供电的研究

本文研究一种新型DSTATCOM应用于三相交流电弧炉的柔性供电方法。运用dq矢量变换法,检测冲击性电弧炉负荷的瞬时无功电流;采用电流直接控制法,使DSTATCOM产生无功补偿电流,以此抑制电网电压波动与闪变。应用PI控制使逆变器直流侧电容电压保持稳定,保证DSTATCOM良好的电流跟踪性能。以某钢厂炼钢电弧炉供电系统为背景,在MAT-LAB下对此柔性供电系统进行了仿真。结果表明此新型柔性供电方法能有效地抑制电弧炉引起的电网电压波动与闪变,实现柔性供电的目的。     

基于MMC的轻型高压直流输电系统的建模与控制

针对基于电压源变换器VSC的高压直流HVDC输电系统存在输出电压低次谐波含量多、需要体积庞大的滤波器和变压器、串联器件的动态均压等问题,提出了一种基于模块化多电平变换器MMC的轻型HVDC输电系统的设计方案;根据建立的MMC-HDVC输电系统的数学模型,详细介绍了该系统控制策略的实现。该控制策略从装置级和系统级两个方面控制MMC-HVDC输电系统,分别实现子模块电容电压的平衡控制及系统的功率解耦控制。仿真结果验证了该系统的可行性与有效性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate