一种高效视频编码插值滤波VLSI架构设计

最新视频编码标准高效视频编码( HEVC )将8抽头内插值滤波器应用于分数像素运动估计中。相比H.264/AVC标准中使用的6抽头内插值滤波器,虽然提高了精确度,但增大了超大规模集成电路( VLSI)实现的面积。为此,设计一个内插值滤波器VLSI架构。为便于VLSI实现,提出一种快速内插值滤波算法,并在此基础上,构造可重构配置和单元块复用的内插值滤波器VLSI架构,以降低硬件的实现面积。实验结果表明,与未优化的VLSI架构相比,该架构能降低实现面积和提高工作频率,节省大量的存储RAM,可支持4∶2∶0格式的3840×2160视频序列的实时处理。     

一种分像素运动补偿插值滤波方法及高效VLSI实现

现代视频编码标准普遍采用变换与运动补偿预测混合型编码架构,该架构对运动补偿预测后的残差图像和运动矢量等信息进行变换编码,运动补偿预测的准确度对编码性能有显著影响．由于实际对象的运动精度是任意小的,允许运动矢量具有“分像素”精度,可以有效地提高运动补偿预测准确度,为了得到“分像素”位置的像素值,需要参考其周围相邻的像素值进行插值滤波．文中提出了一种低空间复杂度1／4像素插值方法：两步四抽头插值法（Two Steps Four Taps Interpolation,TSFT）,该方法与目前国际上最先进的视频编码标准H．264／AVC相比,可以降低11％的空间复杂度,计算复杂度和编码效率相当,已经被国内制定的编码标准AVS1．0采纳．另外,分像素插值是解码端主要的访存和计算瓶颈,文中给出了一个基于多级流水线结构的VLSI实现结构,可以降低访存带宽,同时提高插值器的运算速度,满足高清视频实时解码的需要．     

宏块级帧场自适应的去块效应滤波模块分析与优化

对支持宏块级帧场自适应的H.264去块效应滤波过程进行深入分析,利用相邻4×4像素块间数据的依赖关系合理组织数据存储顺序,提出了一种针对H.264/AVC标准的高性能、低复杂度的去块效应滤波系统的VLSI结构.     

H.264中1/4像素运动估计快速算法的比较

高精度的匹配和补偿可以减少预测误差,提高视频图像的压缩效果。论文提出了一种纯比较式的快速半像素运动估计算法,把平均搜索点数降低到2,而重建图像的质量接近于现有的一些快速半像素运动估计算法。实验证明,新算法通过进行多阶亚像素运动估计,可以达到高精度的运动矢量,对H.264的1/4像素精度运动矢量估计有明显的效果。     

一种面向H.264 KTA的快速分数运动估计方法

H.264 KTA（key technology area）在提供更高视频编码性能的同时,也大大地增加了视频编码的计算复杂度。其中,1/8像素运动补偿技术和分数点自适应插值滤波技术的采纳使分数点运动估计占用总体编码时间的比例越来越大。提出一种快速分数点运动估计算法。该算法利用分数点残差曲面的单峰特性和整分数运动向量的相关性,优化搜索模板和搜索的起始位置。根据在H.264 KTA上的实验结果显示,新算法在大幅提高计算速度的同时,保持了与全分数点运动估计算法相当的率失真性能。     

基于硬件优化的H.264 VBSME SAD算法及其VLSI结构

以硬件代价优化为目的,对H.264宏块级的VBSME SAD VLSI结构进行了详细的分析,提出一种像素平滑重采样的SAD算法及其VLSI结构.该算法先将当前块和参考块像素划分成2×2的子块进行平滑和重采样,再进行7种可变块大小的SAD运算,以有效地降低SAD运算中级联加法器的深度和宽度,减少硬件代价.实验结果表明,该算法的编码性能与SAD标准算法的RDO曲线相比偏差小于1%, 而硬件面积和功耗在不同的综合时钟频率下可节省53%以上.鉴于其优良的硬件性能,文中算法及其结构非常适合高并行度的H.264 VLSI解决方案.     

基于H.264的1/4像素精度的快速搜索算法*

新的视频标准 H.264为了获得更精确的运动向量和更高的压缩比,引入了分数像素运动补偿技术, 但同时也增加了运动补偿过程的复杂度。为了克服这一局限,根据相邻分数像素点之间高度相关的运动估计匹配误差和运动矢量方向,以及运动向量具有中心偏置的特性提出了一种新的1/4像素精度快速搜索算法(QAFSA)。实验表明：该算法在保持图像质量和码率基本不变的情况下大大减少了搜索点的数目,有效地提高了分数像素运动估计的速度。     

一种H.264运动估计算法的硬件实现结构

运动估计是视频编码中计算量最大的一部分,提出一种适用于H.264标准的混合两步搜索算法的VLSI结构设计方法,并提出了有效的小菱形搜索的数据流,充分利用搜索区域数据重叠的特性.仿真证明,节省硬件资源,可以满足实时性的需要.     

基于AVC/AVS标准高效运动估计硬件结构设计

在新一代高性能视频编码标准AVC和AVS中,为提高编码效率,运动估计采用了变尺寸块搜索、多参考帧、运动向量预测等新技术.这些技术成倍地增加了运动估计的计算复杂度.为满足运动估计高计算量需求,一个高效变尺寸块运动估计(VBSME)硬件结构被提出来.该结构采用两个时钟,慢速时钟用于I/O部件,快速时钟用于核心计算部件.并且采用细粒度级流水线实现方式,提高时钟频率和计算部件的流水线效率.针对图像尺寸为720×576的视频,在65×65搜索窗下,该结构最高每秒可以编码71幅图像.     

基于分组误差的快速分数像素运动估计算法

H.264是最新一代的视频编码标准,它支持高精度分数像素运动估计。当在整数运动估计中采用快速算法后,分数像素的运动估计可能成为制约快速运动估计算法性能的瓶颈。根据匹配准则的目标函数在最优运动矢量的附近都是单调递增这一假设,提出一种基于分组误差的快速分数像素运动估计算法。实验结果表明该算法不但能够有效降低分数像素运动估计的计算量,而且还能保持较小的率失真性能损失。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate