一种简化特征空间稳健自适应波束形成算法*

在基于特征空间(ESB)的自适应波束形成算法中,针对当指向误差落在波束主瓣的边缘特定角度时,输出信干噪比下降,且信号子空间需要进行费时的特征值分解的问题,提出了改进线性约束最小方差(LCMV)算法。在假定的期望信号方向附近减少一个方向性约束条件,并基于信号特征值大于噪声特征值的这一特性, 利用空间协方差矩阵逆的高阶次幂来逼近信号子空间,无须特征分解,将求得的权矢量向改进的信号子空间投影。该方法能够大大减少计算量,同时还显著提高了自适应波束形成稳健性。通过仿真分析及结果比较验证了算法的正确性和有效性,因此从     

基于子空间跟踪的递推稳健自适应波束形成*

为了解决实时系统应用中,通用秩信号模型的稳健自适应波束形成算法受计算复杂度高的限制这一问题,基于子空间跟踪理论,运用梯度下降法提出了一种递推稳健自适应波束形成算法,有效降低了计算量,提高了系统性能,改善了阵列输出的信干噪比。仿真结果表明,该算法具有快速收敛性与优越的稳健性。     

一种自适应稳健波束形成器的仿真研究

针对阵列信号处理问题,关于特征空间的波束形成器是一类重要的稳健波束形成方法,只需已知信号源的个数,就可以达到很好的稳健效果。但这种方法需要不断求解特征空间,当采用批处理方法时存在稳健权值与快拍匹配不够好的缺点,并且若阵元数较大,求解特征子空间需要较大的运算量。为加快收敛速度和提高信噪比,提出主分量分析（PCA）多层感知神经网络可以自适应学习信号的主子空间,引入到特征空间稳健波束形成器的自适应实现中去。采用基于加权信息子空间（WINC）网络具有较快的收敛速度,能够并行计算信号的主子空间,从而很好的实现了自适应稳健波束形成,并进行仿真分析。结果表明,验证的算法具有较好的稳健性能。     

基于子空间逼近的特征空间波束形成算法

特征空间波束形成（ESB）算法为了得到信号子空间需要对采样协方差矩阵进行特征值分解,运算量十分巨大,这大大限制了其应用。为了减低ESB算法的运算量,利用有理子空间逼近的原理,提出一种不需要估计信号源个数的快速ESB算法。该方法利用一个介于信号和噪声特征值之间的分界值将特征空间分成两个子空间,并用矩阵幂乘和此分界值的有理式逼近这两个子空间的投影矩阵,将此投影矩阵代入到ESB算法的权值求解式中,在不降低性能的前提下,可大大提高波束形成的运算速度。计算机仿真验证了该算法的有效性,并分析了分界值取值方法的不同对子空间划分及波束形成性能的影响。     

鱼雷自导系统中目标数目的波束域检测方法

针对在鱼雷自导系统中应用波束域子空间类高分辨方法时，需要已知目标数目的问题，该文提出了波束域目标数目检测方法。该方法将模型阶数选择的信息理论准则推广到波束域处理。当波束形成矩阵满足各列正交时，可以由波束域协方差矩阵的特征值计算得到波束域信息理论准则。使波束域信息理论准则最小化的值即判定为目标数目的估计值。该方法直接利用子空间类方法特征分解的结果，计算量小。计算机仿真实验结果证实了该方法能够正确估计空间间隔较小的多个目标的数目。     

基于静态波束综合的波束域预处理算法

针对自适应波束形成的波束域方法在波束覆盖区域外存在强相关干扰源时多目标方位估计失效的问题,提出采用静态波束综合的波束域预处理算法。该算法利用多波束系统输出确定干扰大致方位,再以常规波束的权矢量为期望权矢量,通过求解最优化问题得到最优权矢量,在波束覆盖区域外的相关干扰源附近方位形成较宽零陷。仿真结果表明,该算法在相关和非相关干扰源情况下,均能较好的抑制干扰,进一步提高了波束域预处理方法的抗干扰能力。     

快速稳健的LMS自适应波束形成算法

研究天线阵通信问题,传统的最小均方误差(LMS)自适应波束形成算法,需要积累足够多的快拍数据后才能进行权值计算,运算时间较长,且存在波达方向(DOA)估计误差性能严重下降的现象.针对上述现象,为提高速度和精度,提出一种快速稳健的LMS自适应波束形成方法.算法是一种自适应迭代算法,不需要累积足够多的快拍数据计算权矢量,减少了权值计算时间.同时基于导向矢量展开的方法,通过梯度搜索相位误差矢量,将它补偿到不精确已知的期望信号导向矢量上,以获得真实的期望信号导向矢量.算法提高了运算速度和稳定性.计算机仿真验证了方法的有效性和正确性.     

稳健特征子空间波束形成算法及其性能分析

基于特征子空间的稳健波束形成算法能够用于改善一般导向矢量失配的稳健性,而且相比于其它算法实现简单,然而方法在低的信噪比和较高的信号加噪声子空间维数条件下,性能急剧恶化,而且信号加噪声子空间的维数必须是已知的。为改善波束形成稳定性,提出了基于L-曲线的方法用于信号子空间及其维数的稳健估计,使得该算法的应用条件得以满足,其中还提出了广义SINR,并详细分析了理想条件下信号子空间的选取对算法性能的影响,最后进行了详细的仿真试验和性能分析,验证了所提出方法的正确性和有效性。     

一种基于特征空间的盲波束形成算法

绝大多数通信信号都具有周期平稳信号特性。利用信号的周期平稳特性可以进行真正的盲自适应波束形成,因而受到了广泛关注。ＣＡＢ类算法就是其中的一种。它的运算量较小,但鲁棒性不够强。本文针对其不足,提出了一种基于特征空间的盲波束形成算法。该算法将估计的导引矢量约束在信号子空间,降低了目标信号含于自相关估计矩阵和有限次快拍相关阵引起的子空间扰动的影响,提高了算法的收敛速度和鲁棒性。同时,目前用于进行子空间分解的新算法层出不穷,运算量不断降低。因此,本文提出的盲算法具有很强的实用性和广阔的应用前景。计算机仿真验证了理论分析。     

矢量水听器阵波束域MUSIC算法研究

矢量水听器可同时拾取声压和振速信息,成阵后水听器间的相移信息量增大。基于矢量水听器阵的波束形成性能明显由于同条件下的声压水听器阵,但其空间分辨力依然受阵列物理空间的限制。已经有人研究了矢量水听器阵的高分辨谱估计方法（MUSIC算法）,但属于对阵元域信号进行的直接处理,运算量较大。提出一种基于矢量水听器阵的波束域MUSIC算法（BMUSIC）。该算法首先将矢量水听器阵元的空间数据转换到波束空间,然后对转换后的数据再运用MUSIC算法。不但实现了降维处理,减小了运算量,而且可进一步抑制扫描扇面外的噪声。对BMUSIC算法进行了仿真并与常规MUSIC算法进行了比较。结果表明,该方法可得到与阵元域MUSIC算法相当的方位分辨力。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate