融合社交网络与关键用户的并行协同过滤推荐算法

为解决传统协同过滤推荐算法中存在的数据稀疏、冷启动以及推荐结果缺乏多样性等问题,提出一种融合社交网络与关键用户的协同过滤推荐算法。该算法在用户—项目评分矩阵基础上,融合用户社交网络信息得出社交信任矩阵,融合关键用户信息得出关键用户评分矩阵。利用三大评分矩阵,分配不同的权重比例,共同来预测用户对于目标项目评分。针对海量数据问题,采用Spark分布式集群实现该算法的计算并行化。实验结果表明,该算法能够有效缓解数据稀疏问题,提高处理速度和推荐准确度。     

面向个性化推荐系统的二分网络协同过滤算法研究

为提高个性化推荐系统的推荐效率和准确性, 提出了个性化推荐系统的二分网络协同过滤算法。协同过滤算法引入二分网络描述个性化推荐系统, 使用灰色关联度来度量用户相似性和项目相似性, 对灰色关联相似度加权求和预测用户对项目的预测打分值, 从而提供给用户排序后的项目列表。实验结果表明, 协同过滤算法有效提高了过滤推荐的精准度和可靠性, 具有良好的推荐效果。     

基于标签的强化学习推荐算法研究与应用*

针对协同过滤推荐算法性能稳定性往往受到数据稀疏性影响的问题,在强化学习的框架下提出一种基于标签的协同过滤推荐算法,利用标签模拟用户兴趣来构造非稀疏的个性化数据,并将模拟数据与历史用户访问数据相结合进行协同过滤推荐。实验结果表明,引入基于标签的个性化数据可以有效提升协同过滤算法的性能,且对两种数据的有效结合可以获得最好的效果。     

基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤推荐算法

传统协同过滤算法存在严重的数据稀疏和冷启动问题。利用社交网络中的丰富信息为解决传统协同过滤算法的数据稀疏和冷启动带来了契机。然而,传统基于社交网络的协同过滤算法仅利用粗粒度、稀疏的用户信任关系来改进传统协同过滤算法,即用0或1表示用户之间信任程度。另外,传统基于社交网络推荐算法仅仅集成用户之间显式信任关系,而忽略用户之间隐式的信任关系。本文提出一种基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤推荐算法,即利用图嵌入模型技术学习社交网络中用户的低维特征表示,并根据用户的低维特征表示推导用户之间细粒度的信任关系。最后,根据信任用户和相似用户对目标物品的评分权重预测用户对目标物品的评分。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,基于图嵌入模型的协同过滤算法的性能优于传统的协同过滤算法。     

融合显/隐式反馈的社会化协同排序推荐算法

传统的基于评分预测的社会化协同过滤推荐算法存在预测值与真实排序不匹配的固有缺陷,而基于排序预测的社会化协同排序推荐算法更符合真实的应用场景。然而,现有的大多数基于排序预测的社会化协同排序推荐算法要么仅仅关注显式反馈数据,要么仅仅关注隐式反馈数据,没有充分挖掘这些数据的价值。为充分挖掘用户的社交网络和推荐对象的显/隐式评分信息,同时克服基于评分预测的社会化协同过滤推荐算法存在的固有缺陷,在xCLiMF模型和TrustSVD模型基础上,提出一种新的融合显/隐式反馈的社会化协同排序推荐算法SPR_SVD++。该算法同时挖掘用户评分矩阵和社交网络矩阵中的显/隐式信息,并优化排序学习的评价指标预期倒数排名（ERR）。在真实数据集上的实验结果表明,采用归一化折损累计增益（NDCG）和ERR作为评价指标,SPR_SVD++算法均优于最新的TrustSVD、MERR_SVD++和SVD++算法。可见SPR_SVD++算法性能好、可扩展性强,在互联网信息推荐领域有很好的应用前景。     

一种融合多种用户行为的协同过滤推荐算法

协同过滤作为目前应用最成功的个性化推荐技术,在电子商务、社交网络等领域得到了广泛应用。然而,当此类算法应用到个性化医疗推荐领域时,由于个人医疗行为本身的复杂性和多样性,出现了推荐准确率下降的问题。针对这一问题,提出一种融合多种用户行为的协同过滤推荐算法,使用权重因子来综合衡量不同用户行为对推荐质量的影响,并引入重合依赖度的概念来修正传统的相似度度量方法。在收集的Top-md数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法能够全方位表达用户的就医偏好和意愿,有效提高个性化医疗推荐系统的推荐质量。     

基于位置的社会化网络的并行化推荐算法

针对传统的协同过滤算法在利用签到记录进行兴趣点(POI)推荐时不能充分利用签到信息所隐含的偏好、位置和社交网络信息而损失准确率的问题,以及传统的单机串行算法在大数据处理能力上的弱势,提出一种基于位置和朋友关系的协同过滤(LFBCF)算法,以用户历史偏好为基础,综合考虑用户社交关系网络进行协同过滤,并以用户的活动范围作为约束实现对用户的兴趣点推荐。为了支持大数据量的实验,将算法在Spark分布式计算平台上进行了并行化实现。研究过程中使用了Gowalla和Brightkite这两个基于位置的社会化网络数据集,分析了数据集中签到数量、签到位置之间距离、社交关系等可能对推荐结果造成影响的因素,以此来支持提出的算法。实验部分通过与传统的协同过滤算法等经典算法在准确率、F-measure上的对比验证了算法在推荐效果上的优越性,并通过并行算法与单机串行算法在不同数据规模上加速比的对比验证了算法并行化的意义以及性能上的优越性。     

融合社交网络信息的协同过滤推荐算法*

在推荐系统中,协同过滤推荐算法往往面临数据集的高度稀疏性和推荐精度有限的问题.为了解决上述问题,在基于物品的协同过滤推荐框架下,分别在物品相似度的计算和用户对物品的评分预测阶段,利用社交网络中朋友关系信息选择性地填充评分矩阵中的缺失值,最大化利用评分矩阵中的已有信息,提出融合社交网络信息的协同过滤推荐算法.最后,在Epinions数据集上的实验表明,文中算法在一定程度上缓解数据稀疏性问题,同时在评分误差和分类准确率两个指标上优于其它协同过滤算法.     

基于社交用户标签的混合top-N推荐方法

针对协同过滤方法的冷启动问题,提出一种将社交用户标签与协同过滤相结合的混合top-N推荐方法。通过社交用户关系获得可信用户集,然后根据个性化标签采用结构上下文相似性算法(SimRank)计算社交用户相似近邻集并进行预测推荐,最后结合传统协同过滤方法进行推荐。实验结果表明,该方法能够提高在一般数据集及冷启动用户数据集下的推荐精度。     

基于矩阵分解的单类协同过滤推荐算法

新闻网页和书签的推荐被认为是单类协调过滤问题。通常这类数据是相当稀疏的,仅仅一小部分数据是正例,在非正例数据中负例和没有标记的正例是混合在一起的,难以区分开来,因此,就如何解释非正例数据出现了歧义。为了解决该问题,提出了一种加权的带正则化的基于迭代最小二乘法的单类协同过滤算法。即通过对正例赋予权值1,负例赋予一个较小的正实数权值来反映数据的正负置信度。在两个真实的实验数据集上验证了该算法在性能上均优于几个经典的单类协同过滤推荐算法。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate