位置服务中对移动物体的时空索引*

在TPR*tree的基础上提出了DTPR*tree索引结构, 引进了事务时间和有效时间。它能索引移动物体过去、当前和未来的位置信息,支持基本位置查询和空间约束查询,有很好的空间、查询和更新效率。     

支持预测查询和部分历史查询的移动对象索引方法

针对TPR*-tree隐含移动对象部分最近历史信息但不能提供历史信息查询的问题,将移动对象创建或更新时间引入到索引树中,提出一种既支持预测查询又支持部分历史信息查询的索引树Basic HTPR*-tree,为全时态查询奠定了坚实的基础.同时,为了支持移动对象的频繁更新,在Basic HTPR*-tree索引树基础上引入内存概要结构和Hash辅助索引结构,提出支持自底向上更新策略的HTPR*-tree索引结构.实验结果表明,HTPR*-tree更新性能优于TPR*-tree和Basic HTPR*-tree(TD_HTPR*-tree),预测查询性能仅仅稍逊于TPR*-tree.     

时空数据库索引研究

时空数据库为了快速访问其庞大的数据量,必须建立有效的时空索引以提高各类时空查询效率.本文提出了一种基于3D R-tree算法的时空索引方法:3D R*-tree.3D R*-tree是利用"退化模型"和R*-tree对3D R-tree进行了有效的扩展,有更好的查询效率且支持在线数据模式,较之3D R-tree和HR-tree在查询效率上有明显的提高,在文中给出了关键的数据结构和试验对比结果.     

基于路网的移动对象动态双层索引结构

为了支持对大规模不确定性移动对象当前及将来位置的查询,亟需设计更加有效和高效的索引结构.当前索引算法主要考虑索引建立和维护的效率问题或关注基于索引进行查询时的准确性,对索引建立维护以及查询时性能综合考虑的研究较少.针对已有方法的不足,提出基于路网的移动对象动态双层索引结构DISC-tree,对静态路网信息采用R~*-tree索引,对实时更新的移动对象运动轨迹采用结点更新代价较小的R-tree进行索引,设计哈希表和双向链表辅助结构对索引协同管理.成都市真实地图数据集上的实验结果表明:相比于经典的NDTRtree,DISC-tree在索引建立和维护方面时间代价平均减少39.1%,移动对象轨迹查询时间代价平均减少24.1%;相比于FNR-tree,DISC-tree的范围查询准确率平均提高约31.6%.     

基于R*-tree的时空数据库索引VC-tree

在时空数据的索引结构中,HR-tree可以高效处理时间片查询,但对时间段查询效率低下,同时存在存储冗余。3D-tree索引的效率较低,双树结构使索引维护较为困难,且磁盘访问开销大。该文提出一种新的基于R*-tree的索引结构VC-tree,便于管理维护,可以高效满足时空查询,并满足有效时间内的未来查询。     

一种基于 R* -tree的时空索引

时空数据是一种特殊的多维数据，其每一数据项的时间戳值是单调递增的。3D R-tree把时间看作为空间的另一维，然后利用R-tree进行空间索引，查询效率比较低而且只能处理离线数据。而HR-tree将时间维孤立出来，同时保存每一时间戳的空间数据，查询效率较高但是空间开销大。该文提出了一种基于R*-tree算法的时空索引方法。该方法比3D R-tree有更好的查询效率且支持在线数据模式．较之HR-tree在保证查询效率的同时使用更少的存储空间，最后给出了试验对比结果。     

TPR+-tree：一种面向预言查询的有效时空索引

提出了一种面向预言查询的时空索引技术：TPR+-tree，给出了TPR+-tree的数据结构和关键算法，并引入了双极值子结点的概念，通过对双极值子结点进行检测和排除，减小了结点面积，改善了结点间的重叠。试验结果表明，TPR+-tree具有更高的查询性能，是一种有效的面向预言查询的时空索引。     

基于CB+-tree的时态XML索引

针对时态查询与时间属性紧密相关的特点,利用时间区间作为改进后B+-tree的索引关键字建立索引,改进后的B+-tree命名为Changing B+-tree(CB+-tree)。实验证明,在CB+-tree上进行时态查询比B+-tree及基于DOM的XML文档的查询效率有所提高。     

基于受限移动对象当前及将来时刻检索的时空索引结构研究

在给定的空间及时间范围内,如何构建高效的时空索引结构,以实现对移动对象快速有效的检索,是实现定位服务、智能交通、数字化战争等诸多应用中所迫切需要解决的问题.本文依据移动对象的运动特点,提出了一种面向当前及将来时刻快速更新及有效检索的索引结构—PQR树.PQR树是综合PMRQuad树和R*树的结构,首先依据道路分布用PMRQuad树将移动对象的索引空间实行粗略的层分割,将所有快速移动对象与道路相关联.然后用R*树索引分布在各个子空间块内的类静止对象.实验结果表明PQR树具有良好的更新和查询性能.     

基于B＋-tree索引的多元时间序列相似查询

为提高多元时间序列相似查询执行效率,采用了基于距离索引结构的相似查询算法。利用主成分分析方法对多元时间序列数据降维并在此基础上进行聚类,以聚类质心为参考点,将各类变换到一维空间,利用B＋-tree结构进行索引查询,找到与查询序列最相似的k个MTS序列。实验表明查询效率和准确性都有比较大的提高。     

Indexing moving objects for directions and velocities queries

Moving object databases are required to support different types of queries with a large number of moving objects. New types of queries namely directions and velocity queries (DV queries), are to be supported and covered. The TPR-tree and its successors are efficient indexes that support spatio-temporal queries for moving objects. However, neither of them support the new DV queries. In this paper, we propose a new index for moving objects based on the TPR*-tree, named Direction and Velocity of TPR*-tree or DV-TPR*-tree, in order to build data a structure based on the spatial, direction and velocity domains. DV-TPR*-tree obtains an ideal distribution that supports and fulfils the new query types (DV queries). Extensive performance studies show that the query performance of DV-TPR*-tree outperforms the TPR-tree and its successors.     

基于内存的时空索引TPR*树并发控制方案

随着定位技术的发展，基于定位的服务对数据库技术的要求越来越高，需要用它记录和管理大量持续运动物体的位置。TPR*树是支持移动物体现在和将来位置查询的索引结构，面临多个事务同时访问数据的问题。该文提出了基于内存的TPR*树的并发控制方案，能满足事务的一致性要求。通过结合加锁技术和时间戳技术，使得冲突减少，提高了并发效率和处理速度。     

Effectiveness of NAQ-tree in handling reverse nearest-neighbor queries in high-dimensional metric space

Reverse nearest-neighbor (RNN) query processing is important for many applications such as decision-support systems, profile-based marketing and molecular biology; consequently, RNN query processing has attracted considerable attention in the research community in recent years. Most existing approaches for RNN query processing either rely on nearest-neighbor pre-computation or work for specific data space (e.g., the Euclidean space). The only method for RNN query processing in metric space is based on the M-tree. In this paper, we propose an approach for RNN query processing in high-dimensional metric space using distance-based index structure (in particular, NAQ-tree that outperforms the other distance-based index structures as we have already verified in a previous study). In high-dimensional space, the properties of distance-based index structure provide strong pruning rules than the M-tree. In addition, unlike the previous work, our approach integrates the filtering and verification steps and uses the information obtained in the verification stage to further improve the filtering rate. Our approach delivers results incrementally and hence well serves real-time applications. The reported experimental results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed NAQ-tree-based RNN approach.     

时态数据的可变Hash索引

索引技术是时态数据库查询优化的重要方法之一。本文提出的可变Hash（VH）索引是建立在时间属性上的一种新的动态索引技术，主要目的是提高时态数据库快照查询的效率。由于时间的不确定性，在时态数据的时间属性上建立Hash索引比较困难。VH索引克服了Hash索引这一难点，提出了索引参数可变的思想，并应用B^＋-树对Hash参数进行组织。查询时由时间值在B^＋-树上获得Hash参数，进而确定数据的存储地址。通过对其时间复杂度和空间复杂度的理论分析以及实验验证，表明该索引技术可以减少索引查找以及读取数据的I／O次数，并具有理想的空间利用率。     

The DR-tree: A Main Memory Data Structure for Complex Multi-dimensional Objects

An efficient index structure for complex multi-dimensional objects is one of the most challenging requirements in non-traditional applications such as geographic information systems, computer-aided design, and multimedia databases. In this paper we first propose a main memory data structure for complex multi-dimensional objects. Then, we present an extension of the existing multi-dimensional index structure. Among existing multi-dimensional index structures, the popular R*-tree is selected. The R*-tree is coupled with the main memory data structure to improve the performance of spatial query processing. An analytical model is developed for our index structure. Experimental results show that the analytical model is accurate, the relative error being below 15%. The performance of our index structure is compared with that of a state-of-the-art index structure by experimental measurements. Our index structure outperforms the state-of-the-art index structure due to its ability to reduce a large amount of storage.     

基于贪心策略的最近邻Top-k偏好查询方法

传统Top-[k]空间关键字查询忽略了兴趣对象周围的基础设施属性对于用户偏好的影响,针对该问题,研究了基于影响区域约束关系的Top-[k]空间关键字偏好查询问题,设计了一种基于贪心策略的最近邻算法GS-NNA（Greedy Strategy based Nearest Neighbor Algorithm）。该算法采用R*-tree和倒排文件两种索引结构,结合贪心思想和最近邻算法,每次选择分值最高的兴趣对象作为候选结果集,并利用阈值判定条件对R*-tree进行剪枝。实验结果表明,GS-NNA算法与现有相关算法相比,有效提高了查询效率。     

An efficient spatial access method for spatial images containing multiple non-overlapping features

In this paper we propose and analyze a new spatial access method, namely the S*-tree, for the efficient secondary memory encoding and manipulation of images containing multiple non-overlapping features (i.e., coloured images). The S*-tree is based on a non-straightforward and space efficient extension to coloured images of its precursor, namely the S⁺-tree, which was explicitly designed for binary images. To assess experimentally the qualities of the S*-tree, we test it against the HL-quadtree, a previous spatial access method for coloured images, which is known to be space and time efficient. Our experiments show that the S*-tree reaches up to a 75% of space saving, and performs constantly less I/O accesses than the HL-quadtree in solving classical window queries.