模糊层次分析法在防空导弹武器系统效能分析中的应用

层次分析法由于能综合考虑系统各因素,因此在武器系统效能评定中有着重要的意义.但是传统的层次分析法要进行一致性的检验,计算量相对较大.简要地介绍了模糊层次分析法,并将其应用到防空导弹武器系统的效能评估中,由于模糊层次分析法可以不必进行一致性的检验,这样减小了计算量,而且通过实例分析了该方法的可行性.     

基于改进的模糊层次分析法的信息系统安全态势评估模型

对已有的安全态势评估方法进行了详细分析和比较,针对现有态势评估方法中存在的主观随机性,结合信息系统规模庞大、结构复杂、信息交互频繁等问题,依据层次分析法AHP基本原理建立了信息系统安全态势评估指标体系。针对现有的模糊层次分析法FAHP存在的一致性问题,提出了新的一致性修正算法并将其应用到了安全态势评估中。另外,吸收了模糊综合评价方法 FCE计算态势值的技术,建立了一种新的安全态势评估模型—层次分析法-改进的模糊层次法-模糊综合评价法模型(AHP-IFAHP-FCE)。介绍了该模型的组成原理,给出了具体构成方法,描述了各个步骤的主要任务。实验结果表明,在信息系统安全态势评估方面,该模型比已有的模型更加有效、更加准确。     

软件需求权重的模糊网络分析法

针对软件开发中顾客需求元素间的复杂关系,分析了层次分析法（AHP）与模糊层次分析法（FAHP）在解决复杂需求权重时所存在的缺陷;运用网络分析法（ANP）与梯形模糊数相结合的模糊网络分析法,建立加权极限超矩阵求解需求元素的混合权重;对比分析了模糊网络分析法、模糊层次分析法和网络分析法的权重结果;揭示了在复杂系统中元素的相互联系和顾客需求相对重要度评价的模糊性在权重的求解中的重要性;验证了模糊网络分析法在复杂需求权重求解中的可行性。研究结果为软件开发中顾客需求复杂权重的准确求解提供了依据。     

A new type-2 fuzzy set of linguistic variables for the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process

The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) has been used to solve various multi-criteria decision-making problems where trapezoidal type-1 fuzzy sets are utilized in defining decision-makers’ linguistic judgment. Previous theories have suggested that interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2 FS) can offer an alternative that can handle vagueness and uncertainty. This paper proposes a new FAHP characterized by IT2 FS for linguistic variables. Differently from the typical FAHP, which directly utilizes trapezoidal type-1 fuzzy numbers, this method introduces IT2 FS to enhance judgment in the fuzzy decision-making environment. This new model includes linguistic variables in IT2 FS and a rank value method for normalizing upper and lower memberships of IT2 FS. The proposed model is illustrated by a numerical example of work safety evaluation. Comparable results are also presented to check the feasibility of the proposed method. It is shown that the ranking order of the proposed method is consistent with the other two methods despite difference in weight priorities.     

Make-to-order or make-to-stock decision by a novel hybrid approach

This paper presents a strategic decision-making structure to determine whether a particular product should be produced under make-to-order (MTO) or make-to-stock (MTS) strategy. A novel hybrid methodology consisting of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. Utilizing AHP in SWOT analysis diminishes one of the main deficiencies of this strategic approach that is the restriction of employing quantitative calculation to evaluate the factors that affect the decision. AHP method improves the quantitative information basis of strategic decision-making processes. The traditional AHP requires exact judgments, but due to the complexity and uncertainty involved in real world decision problems, it is sometimes unrealistic or even impossible to require exact judgments. Consequently, a commonly used decision-making method, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) is suggested. FAHP’s connection to SWOT yields a novel hybrid method for partitioning of MTO/MTS products. At the end, the proposed fuzzy AHP-SWOT methodology is validated through a real case study.     

A design model of FBS based on interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy sets

The FBS (Function-Behaviour-Structure) model is a research model that stimulates creative thinking of designers in the design process. In order to reduce the influence of user requirement ambiguity on design results in the product design process and improve the accuracy of user requirements in the function-behavior-structure (FBS) design model, this paper proposes an interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy set-based FBS model integrating AHP and HOQ methods. Firstly, the design model will use IVPF-AHP method to study user requirements and use interval-valued Pythagorean linguistic terms to replace the traditional scoring method of AHP to get the weight of each user requirement. Secondly, the conversion between user requirements and functions will be realized by IVPF-HOQ method, which converts customer requirements into functional characteristics and calculates the weights of each functional characteristic. Finally, the design focus will be filtered according to the order of importance of the functional characteristics, which will be used as functions to guide the development of the FBS model. In this paper, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method will be verified by an application example of a hand-held fluorescence spectrometer. The results show that the proposed FBS model can effectively reduce the subjectivity and ambiguity in the decision-making process, improve the accuracy and information richness of user requirements, and effectively highlight the focus of the design study. The innovation of the proposed method is to provide a more objective and accurate innovative design method for user requirements through the integration of AHP, HOQ and FBS to effectively explore and analyze user requirements. The use of IVPFS to deal with fuzzy information in the design process in a more flexible manner can reduce the ambiguity of requirements when user data is small, and effectively improve the limitations of the FBS design model which is more subjective.     

基于FAHP的深水半潜式平台钻井设备选型

钻井设备选型的合理性关系着平台的总体性能。将模糊层次分析法(FAHP)应用于深水半潜式平台钻井设备的选型,以钻井泵为例,综合考虑技术性和经济性两方面建立钻井泵选型的评价模型。分别利用 FAHP 和AHP计算出各因素的权重,对备选方案进行综合评价。结果表明,模糊层次分析法能有效地解决钻井设备选型问题。通过对比分析两种方法的结果,总结出二者的适用范围,为决策者综合运用两种分析方法奠定了基础。     

复杂体制雷达辐射源信号特征的FAHP评价

提取有效的雷达辐射源信号特征是复杂体制下雷达辐射源信号识别的重要基础。为实现对复杂体制雷达辐射源信号特征的评价,提出了复杂体制雷达辐射源信号特征的模糊层次分析评价模型。该模型在构建复杂体制雷达辐射源信号特征评价指标体系的基础上,针对层次分析法在权重确定方面存在的不足,通过引入三角模糊数来刻画专家评判的模糊性,将该模型应用于雷达辐射源信号特征评价的算例分析,并将计算结果与标准层次分析法的分析计算结果进行了对比,结果表明该模型的计算结果与标准层次分析法的计算结果是一致的,从而证明了该模型的可行性和有效性。     

模糊层次分析法在方案优选方面的应用

给出了一种实用的层次分析方法(AHP)，即模糊层次分析法(FAHP)，讨论了它的原理和步骤。特别是模糊层次分析法，它是基于模糊集合理论的。它采用模糊一致关系去实现模糊推导，使用模糊一致矩阵去实现动态自适应。分析了该方法的适用范围，并提供了具有一般特点的方案优选的实例。提出了模糊层次分析方法的不足之处。     

基于FDM与FAHP的儿童滑板车设计评价与改进

儿童滑板车设计评价的影响因素复杂多样,难以通过量化的方法衡量这些因素对于产品设计的 重要性。采用模糊德尔菲法(FDM)定量地筛选产品设计评价指标要素,建立儿童滑板车设计层级指标模型。 然后,运用模糊层次分析法(FAHP)计算出各项指标要素权重,综合评价设计方案,得出儿童滑板车总体评价 分值,最终提出优化与改良意见。FDM 与 FAHP 结合可以较为系统地对产品进行量化设计与评价,减少设 计过程中的主观因素,使设计更加科学、理性与严谨,也为儿童产品设计方案的选择和优化提供了可量化的 参考依据。     

Comparison of fuzzy numbers based on preference

Ranking fuzzy numbers plays an important role in a fuzzy decision-making process. However, fuzzy numbers may not be easily ordered into one sequence due to the overlap between them. A new approach is introduced to detect the overlapped fuzzy numbers based on the concept of similarity measure, incorporating the preference of the decision-maker into the fuzzy ranking process. Numerical examples and comparisons with other methods are presented to evaluate the new method. The computational process of the proposed method is straightforward and is practically capable of comparing similar fuzzy numbers. The proposed method is an absolute ranking and no pairwise comparison of fuzzy numbers is necessary. Furthermore, through some examples discussed in this work, it is proved that the proposed method possesses several good characteristics compared to other methods examined in this work.     

Applying fuzzy hierarchy multiple attributes to construct an expert decision making process

The main objective of this paper is to propose an approach within the AHP framework for tackling the uncertainty and imprecision of service evaluations during pre-negotiation stages, where the expert’s comparison judgments are represented as fuzzy triangular numbers. A fuzzy prioritization method, which derives crisp priorities from consistent and inconsistent fuzzy comparison matrices, is described. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP)-based decision-making method can provide decision makers or buyer a valuable reference for evaluating software quality. A case study demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Importantly, the proposed scheme can assist decision makers in assessing the feasibility of digital video recorder system to management public space, making it highly applicable for academic and commercial purposes.     

A state-of the-art survey & testbed of fuzzy AHP (FAHP) applications

As a practical popular methodology for dealing with fuzziness and uncertainty in Multiple Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM), Fuzzy AHP (FAHP) has been applied to a wide range of applications. As of the time of writing there is no state of the art survey of FAHP, we carry out a literature review of 190 application papers (i.e., applied research papers), published between 2004 and 2016, by classifying them on the basis of the area of application, the identified theme, the year of publication, and so forth. The identified themes and application areas have been chosen based upon the latest state-of-the-art survey of AHP conducted by [Vaidya, O., & Kumar, S. (2006). Analytic hierarchy process: An overview of applications. European Journal of operational research, 169(1), 1–29.]. To help readers extract quick and meaningful information, the reviewed papers are summarized in various tabular formats and charts. Unlike previous literature surveys, results and findings are made available through an online (and free) testbed, which can serve as a ready reference for those who wish to apply, modify or extend FAHP in various applications areas. This online testbed makes also available one or more fuzzy pairwise comparison matrices (FPCMs) from all the reviewed papers (255 matrices in total).In terms of results and findings, this survey shows that: (i) FAHP is used primarily in the Manufacturing, Industry and Government sectors; (ii) Asia is the torchbearer in this field, where FAHP is mostly applied in the theme areas of Selection and Evaluation; (iii) a significant amount of research papers (43% of the reviewed literature) combine FAHP with other tools, particularly with TOPSIS, QFD and ANP (AHP’s variant); (iv) Chang’s extent analysis method, which is used for FPCMs’ weight derivation in FAHP, is still the most popular method in spite of a number of criticisms in recent years (considered in 57% of the reviewed literature).     

Development of a fuzzy decision support framework for complex multi‐attribute decision problems: A case study for the selection of skilful basketball players

The selection of skilful players is a complicated process due to the problem criteria consisting of both qualitative and quantitative attributes as well as vague linguistic terms. This study seeks to develop a decision support framework for the selection of candidates eligible to become basketball players through the use of a fuzzy multi‐attribute decision making (MADM) algorithm. The proposed model is based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods. The model was employed in the Youth and Sports Center of Mugla, Turkey, with the participation of seven junior basketball players aged between 7 and 14. In the present study, physical fitness measurement values and observation values of technical skills were utilized. FAHP was used to determine the weights of the criteria and the observation values of technical skills by decision makers. Physical fitness measurement values were converted to fuzzy values by using a fuzzy set approach. Subsequently, the overall ranking of the candidate players was determined by the TOPSIS method. Results were compared with human experts’ opinions. It is observed that the developed model is more reliable to be used in decision making. The model architecture and experimental results along with illustrative examples are further demonstrated in the study.     

Regime switching fuzzy AHP model for choice-varying priorities problem and expert consistency prioritization: A cubic fuzzy-priority matrix design

The aim of this paper is to develop a regime switching design of the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and to improve its functionality under the choice-varying priority (CVP) problem. In the conventional AHP decision process, priority matrices are identical and their values are invariant for a specific objective. However, in many Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems, the relative importance of criteria may differ according to the choices. A regime switching process is proposed for improving the CVP problem. Under the fuzzy-AHP (FAHP) framework, choice-varying priorities are presented in a cubic matrix form. Another novel contribution is suggested in the prioritization of the level of expert consistency. During the decision-making practice, experts may have different attitudes and their individual matrix consistencies might be superior or inferior in their overall practices. Individual consistency is one of the objective indicators of the quality of judgment. An expert consistency prioritization approach is proposed to deal with the classification of response stability. For the financial risk assessment part of the study, the loss probability of the intended projects is calculated by the fuzzy Monte-Carlo simulation framework.     

A method for the evaluation of risk in IT projects

Information technology projects are particularly prone to failure due to their specific characteristics, making risk management become one of the critical elements in IT projects management. That is why several authors have developed risk evaluation methods, some of them based on fuzzy logic. This article proposes a new risk assessment method based in a combination of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and fuzzy inference system (FIS). FIS is used for the integration of the groups of risk factors. These risk factors are the evaluation criteria of a modified FAHP which minimizes the disadvantages of the classic implementation of FAHP in order to obtain a more intuitive and easily adjustable model for multicriteria decision analysis with a lower computational need. The proposed model takes into consideration the different levels of uncertainty, the interrelationship among groups of risk factors, and the possibility of adding or suppressing options without losing the consistency with previous evaluations. The new method is especially suitable for the evaluation of development projects in the area of IT in which multiple interrelated risk factors can be particularly uncertain and imprecise. To implement the evaluation method, a hierarchy of risk factors was implemented. A numerical example is presented with data from three actual cases of IT projects, showing the applicability of the new method, the suitability of the selected taxonomy, and the significance of a few risk factors. Several future lines of work are proposed.     

两类层次分析法的转换及在应用中的比较

模糊层次分析法是层次分析法的一种,用于处理含有模糊性的决策问题。通过研究一致互反判断矩阵与模糊互补判断矩阵的转换关系,给出把一致互反矩阵转换成模糊互补矩阵且权向量排序不变的方法,基于这种转换的保序性,提出了一种介于层次分析法与模糊层次分析法之间的新的层次分析方法,这种方法简化了层次分析法的计算。作为这种新方法的应用,通过实例验证了该方法的合理性。     

模糊熵层次分析法的网络安全评估方法研究

针对传统模糊层次分析法(Analytic Hierarchy Process,AHP)存在固定权重使得评估精度较低和简单的极大极小操作符影响评估准确度等问题,提出了一种改进的模糊熵层次分析模型用来评估网络安全。模型中主观权重利用层次分析法求解,客观权重采用信息熵计算,并给出了判断矩阵的一致性条件。最后,以实际案例的网络评估案例对本文所提方法进行分析验证,验证了判断矩阵满足一致性要求。通过与AHP法、信息熵法和传统模糊AHP法的对比,验证了本文所提方法在处理网络安全评估时具有一定优势。     

基于模糊层次化评估的分布式系统自毁感知方法及应用

自毁技术已成为保障分布式系统私密性的最后手段,如何实现准确快速的自毁感知是一项严峻的挑战.由于私密性评价指标具有多层次、多因素的特点,本文提出了针对分布式系统私密性的模糊层次化评估方法作为分布式系统的自毁感知方法.基于该方法采用数据多重覆盖技术实现了分布式系统的快速自毁过程,实验结果显示,系统误毁率和漏毁率均控制在1％以下,数据恢复率在1‰以下,该方法有效的保护系统数据的私密性.     

一种基于熵理论和中介真值度量的综合评价法

综合评判问题在生活中随处可见,综合评价方法也有数十种之多。其中,基于模糊数学的中介真值度量方法是评价多指标对象的方法之一,是一种能够有效处理模糊现象的方法,也是一种主观赋权法。为了使评价结果更加客观,提出了一种基于熵理论和中介真值度量相结合的综合评价方法,将熵理论应用到一级指标权重的获取,利用基于专家打分的层次分析法计算出二级指标权重,有效减小了中介真值度量方法中完全主观计算权值所造成的误差。最后,通过应用于某地住宅项目的质量评估,并分别与中介真值度量方法和熵权法的评估结果进行比较分析,验证所提方法的可行性及有效性。