Protel DXP电路板设计基本术语介绍

该文主要介绍了几种PCB板设计制作术语,包括层、过孔、焊盘、膜、丝印层、敷铜和布线原则等,希望读者能够通过介绍更容易地掌握PCB板设计。     

改进YOLOv3算法及其在航拍图像车辆检测中的应用

针对航拍图像中的车辆目标尺度小、特征不明显导致目标检测困难的问题,提出一种改进YOLOv3的航拍车辆目标检测方法。将空间金字塔池化模块引入到特征提取网络中,丰富卷积特征的表达能力;设计4个不同尺度的卷积特征金字塔,并通过卷积特征融合机制来实现对多层级卷积特征的融合,在融合后的卷积特征金字塔上进行目标检测。在航拍图像车辆目标检测数据集上的测试结果表明,与原YOLOv3相比,改进后的算法能够有效地提高对航拍图像中车辆目标检测效果的查全率以及查准率,并将平均均值精度(mean average precision, mAP)提升了4.5百分点。     

融合多尺度对比池化特征的行人重识别方法

行人重识别是利用计算机视觉技术判断图像或者视频序列中是否存在特定行人的技术。受行人姿态、遮挡、光照变化等因素的影响,传统的行人重识别方法中特征的表达能力有限,导致准确率降低,提出一种融合不同尺度对比池化特征的行人重识别方法。利用残差网络ResNet50提取行人图像的多尺度特征,在网络的不同层次上,通过对输入的特征进行全局平均池化和最大平均池化,将每组平均池化特征和最大池化特征相减,对相减得到的差异特征与最大池化特征进行相加,获得具有强判别性的对比池化特征。在此基础上,利用三元组损失和交叉熵损失联合优化模型,提高模型的泛化能力,同时采用重排序技术优化网络性能。实验结果表明,该方法在Market1501和DukeMTMC-reID数据集上的首位命中率分别达到96.41%和91.43%,平均精度均值为94.52%和89.30%,相比SVDNet、GLAD和PCB等方法,其行人重识别的准确率较高。     

便于自动化生产的T/R组件新型微穿墙技术

基于PCB厂家标准工艺,设计一种便于自动化生产的微型穿墙结构。该结构正面和背面分别使用镀金焊盘和BGA(Ball Grid Array)焊盘,两种焊盘通过过孔连接在一起。通过SMT工艺和MCM工艺,使电源信号过渡至正面射频腔体,弥补高度差,解决键合丝与盒壁短路、键合丝间易搭连等问题。同时该结构具有尺寸小、成本低、可靠性性高、便于自动化装配等特点。     

QFN封装元件组装工艺技术的研究

近几年来,QFN封装(Quad Flat No-lead,方形扁平无引脚封装)由于具有良好的电和热性能、体积小、重量轻,其应用正在快速增长。采用微型引线框架的QFN封装称为MLF封装(Micro Lead Frame-微引线框架)．QFN封装和CSP(Chip Size Package,芯片尺寸封装)有些相似,但元件底部没有焊球,与PCB的电气和机械连接是通过PCB焊盘上印刷焊膏、过回流焊形成的焊点来实现的,对PCB焊盘设计和表面贴装工艺提出了一些新的要求。印刷网板设计、焊后检查、返修等都是表面贴装过程中所应该关注的。本文将对上述各方面要求和影响进行探讨,对PCB焊盘设计、网板设计、检测和返修作详细地介绍。     

基于迁移学习的移动机器人单帧图像坡度检测算法

针对未知环境下移动机器人平稳上坡控制对坡度感知精度的要求,本文提出了一种基于迁移学习的移动机器人单帧图像坡度检测算法。利用室内图像标准数据集训练深度卷积神经场?全连接超像素池化网络(deep convolutional neural field-fully connected superpixel pooling network, DCNF-FCSP)并获得室内单帧图像深度估计网络模型;将DCNF-FCSP模型中前5个图像特征提取层的网络参数迁移至室外图像深度估计网络中;固定室外图像深度估计网络中图像特征提取部分的网络参数,利用室外图像数据集对剩余5层的网络参数进行训练,从而得到室外单帧图像深度估计网络;将其应用在移动机器人坡度检测中,根据单帧斜坡图像估计出斜坡角度。标准数据集和实际场景的深度估计和坡度检测实验表明:本文所提出的基于迁移学习的移动机器人单帧图像坡度检测算法能够仅根据移动机器人车载相机采集的单帧斜坡RGB图像就可估计出精确的斜坡角度,满足移动机器人在未知环境中对坡度感知精度的要求。     

煤矿井下行人检测算法

针对井下光照不均匀、行人特征与背景的相似度高等导致基于计算机视觉的行人检测技术在井下应用面临很大挑战的问题,提出采用Faster区域卷积神经网络(RCNN)进行煤矿井下行人检测。Faster RCNN行人检测算法采用区域建议网络(RPN)生成候选区域,RPN与Fast RCNN共享卷积层,以提高网络训练和检测速度;在图像特征提取过程中采用动态自适应池化方法对不同池化域进行自适应池化操作,提高了检测准确性。实验结果表明,该算法对于不同环境下图像中的行人均具有较好的检测效果。     

改进的VGG网络的二极管玻壳图像缺陷检测

针对于目前二极管玻壳缺陷检测中大多采用人工特征提取,识别准确率不高的问 题,提出一种改进的 VGG 网络的二极管玻壳图像缺陷检测方法。首先对玻壳图像进行预处理, 同时利用原始大样本数据集对卷积神经网络结构 VGG-19 模型进行预训练得到预训练模型,然 后通过迁移学习的方法将预训练模型中的部分卷积、池化等层权重参数迁移到改进网络模型的 固定层中,非固定层用于模型改进,并将网络的全连接层结构重新进行超参数设置和优化,最 后使用预处理后的玻壳图像数据集对改进模型进行训练,得到非固定卷积层和新的全连接层的 参数和权重。在二极管玻壳数据集进行测试,实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高二极管玻壳图 像分类识别准确率,达到了 98.3%。     

机电一体化智能车——整车组装

(上接第5期)四、整车组装1.焊接电路板步骤一:将配套的线路板取出,在强光下,目视检查所有焊盘、导电铜箔及金属孔化,过孔是否有质量问题。步骤二:取出配套的PCB原理图,首先先焊上所有贴片电阻、电容,这一步要细心,边焊边核对零件的规格,注意焊锡不要太多,焊接时间不宜过长。     

基于AOI的PCB孔缺陷检测法

PCB(Printed Circuit Board,印制电路板)是提供电子零件安装与插接的基板,实现电子元器件之间的电气互连,是电子产品不可缺少的基本构成部分。过孔是PCB的重要组成部分,在PCB生产线上由于钻孔和电镀等工艺技术的限制,造成孔内缺陷,影响元器件的电气连接及焊接质量。因此为了保证过孔的可靠性必须进行缺陷检测。基于AOI(Automatic Optical Inspection,自动光学检测)原理,用计算机对PCB孔透光过程进行光学衍射建模仿真。将缺陷孔和无缺陷孔的仿真衍射图样进行比较,可判断出PCB孔是否存在缺陷。结果证明,这种缺陷检测方法具有可行性且操作简便。     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

法律信息库系统

本文分析了法律数据库的结构和特点，介绍了采用面向对象设计方法和超文本数据库技术开发和实现法律信息库系统将作为重要网络资源之一为不同用户进行法律咨询服务。     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

International Journal of Automation and Computing Table of Contents

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Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences(Sci China Inf Sci),cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press,is committed to publishing highquality,original results of both basic and applied research in all areas of information sciences,including computer science and technology;systems science,control science and engineering(published in Issues with odd numbers);information and communication engineering;electronic science and technology(published in Issues with even numbers).Sci China Inf Sci is published monthly in both print and electronic forms.It is indexed by Academic OneFile,Astrophysics Data System(ADS),CSA,Cabells,Current Contents/Engineering,Computing and Technology,DBLP,Digital Mathematics Registry,Earthquake Engineering Abstracts,Engineering Index,Engineered Materials Abstracts,Gale,Google,INSPEC,Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition,Mathematical Reviews,OCLC,ProQuest,SCOPUS,Science Citation Index Expanded,Summon by Serial Solutions,VINITI,Zentralblatt MATH.     

Erratum to: Fast global kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for consonant/vowel segmentation of speech signal

正Erratum to:J Zhejiang Univ-Sci C(ComputElectron)2014 15(7):551-563doi:10.1631/jzus.C1300320The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.Algorithm 6 should be as follows:Algorithm 6 FGKFCM-F clustering Input:(1)X={x_1,x_2,…,x_N},,x_iR~d,i=1,2,…,N,the dataset;(2)C,1C≤N,the number of clusters;(3)ε0,the stopping criterion;     

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE C (Computers & Electronics) Total contents

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A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.