基于多微处理机结构的高性能数控系统的设计

积木式、模块化、多ＣＰＵ体系构体已成为当今高性能ＣＮＣ技术发展的一个重要方向。本文首先讨论了基于多微处理机系统的ＣＮＣ几种控制结构模式，然后介绍一个面向多总线、紧耦合、功能分布式的高性能ＣＮＣ系统设计实例，并详细地讨论其多微处理机间信息交换和仲裁管理的实现机制。     

面向对象技术在CNC系统人机界面设计中的应用

本文介绍了人机界面的理论模型，在此基础上引入了面向对象设计方法的基本原理，探讨了ＣＮＣ系统人机界面设计中通用的对象、类及其层次结构，并给出了相关部分的具体实现。最后简要介绍了利用上述方法实现的折弯机ＣＮＣ系统的人机界面。     

分布式工业测控网DMCN的协议设计

分布式工业测控网ＤＭＣＤ是一种带有令牌总线森林式复合拓朴结构局域网，多主站的加入改变单主站结构的复杂性，它以实时自动多主站控制，保证了ＤＭＣＮ网在一个或多个主站损坏的情况下网络的正常运行，同时，单个树之间也能共享资源，极大地提高了网络的性能，本文阐述ＤＭＣＮ网的拓朴结构和协议结构的设计思想，并重点分析了ＤＭＣＮ网的ＭＡＣ和ＬＬＣ子层协议。     

蓝天高档数控系统等六则

蓝天高档数控系统等六则蓝天高档数控系统是我国自行研制的第一个高性能数控系统，共有３个系统１１个品种。蓝天７５０１ＣＮＣ获中科院一等奖；８５００ＣＮＣ取得了我国高档数控软件版权，评为国家“八五”科技攻关重大成果奖，被国家科委列为国家级科技成果重点推广项...     

快速成型机高精度CNC系统组成及关键技术

本文介绍了基于ＰＣ总线的ＨＲＰ快速成型机高精度ＣＮＣ系统组成，并重点论述组成该数系统关键技术。     

一种用于协同工作的网络通讯服务器及其API设计

用于协同工作的网络通讯开发系统（ＣＮＣ）,其核心是支持“发布－订阅”与“组播”模式的Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ与ＡＰＩ。它可以高效的管理多个组群的协同工作,并使得Ｃｌｉｅｎｔ的程序设计十分简单。该文主要论述：⑴ＣＮＣ１．０客户程序的ＡＰＩ设计;⑵ＣＮＣ１．０Ｓｅｒｖｅｒ的数据结构、多线程并发技术和Ｗｉｎｓｏｃｋ的使用。     

CNC系统中宏程序设计语言研究

宏程序是现代高性能数控系统中的强大功能之一。联合运用它和ＣＮＣ系统中的其它功能,能够完成诸如孔群之类的复杂加工,而且对用户来说,编程非常简单。本文采用巴科斯范式（ＢＮＦ）定义了ＣＮＣ系统中宏程序设计语言文法。在此基础上,设计了宏程序的词法分析、语法分析及解释执行算法和程序。最后分析了一个应用实例。     

回转体车削加工零件的面向车间数控编程系统

面向车间的编程方法（ＷＯＰ），是国际上９０年代初兴起的一种全新的ＣＮＣ机床编程方法。它采用直观的图形描述方式，进行零件加工过程参数的定义。具有参数的零件加工图形通过后置处理后，能自动生成加工所需的ＮＣ程序，并可以在数控系统ＣＲＴ上进行加工轨迹摸拟仿真等。这样，机床操作工人不需要知道抽象的编程语言，便可以熟练正确地进行ＮＣ编程，大大缩短了编程时间，提高了编程的可靠性和效率。本文概述了ＷＯＰ的方法与系统，并给出了德国ＩＮＤＥＸ公司在ＩＮＤＥＸＧＵ６１０车削加工中心上ＳＩＥＭＥＮＳ８４０ＣＣＮＣ系统中实现的ＴＵＲＢＯＨ２００回转体车削加工零件ＷＯＰ系统功能及操作过程。     

USMARC到CNMARC自动转换系统

ＵＳＭＡＲＣ是美国图书馆使用的标记法，ＣＮＭＡＲＣ是中国使用的文献标记方法，都用字段来描述，但字段具有不定长和可重复特点。的转换是多对多的关系，同时一字段的转换规则根据文献类型的不同而不同。文中描述了一个从ＵＳＭＡＲＣ向ＣＮＭＡＲＣ自动转换的关系。该系统使用开发工具ＰＯＷＥＲＢＵＩＬＤＥＲ，利用ＷＡＴＣＯＭ数据库存放转换规则，用户可以个性转换规则，从而取得转换结果。具有一定程度的灵活性。     

碳-13核磁共振谱图的自动解析研究

为了Ｃ－１３ＮＭＲ的自动解析,ＥＳＥＳＯＣ系统从＾１３ＣＮＭＲ本身的特征出发,提出了不确定层数的子结构模型。即以共振碳原子为中心,以与之相连的完整的官能团为外围环境,对这样的子结构,其外围环境根据官能团的不同可以是一层、或二层乃至多层,即环境层数是可变的。在此子结构模型的基础上,从ＣＩＡＣ－＾１３ＣＮＭＲ谱图数据库统计出＾１３ＣＮＭＲ知识库。     

Experimental Assessment of the Period Calibration Method: A Case Study

In this paper we present an experimental evaluation of the period calibration method (PCM) which was developed in Gerber et al. (1994, 1995) as a systematic design methodology for real-time systems. The objective of this experimental study is to assess design alternatives integrated into the method and their performance implication on resultant systems built via the PCM. Such design alternatives include scheduling jitter, sensor-to-output latency, intertask communication schemes, and system utilization. For this study, we have chosen a computerized numerical control (CNC) machine as our target real-time system, and built a realistic controller and a plant simulator. We show the detailed development process of the CNC controller and report its performance. The performance results were extracted from a controlled series of more than hundred test controllers obtained by varying four test variables. This study unveils several weaknesses of the PCM: (1) the communication scheme built into PCM incurs a large latency though average sensor-to-output latency is one of the most dominating factors in determining control quality; (2) scheduling jitter is taken seriously in PCM though its effect appears only when average sensor-to-output latency is sufficiently small; (3) loop processing periods are not properly optimized for control quality though they are another dominating factor of performance; and (4) transient overloads are not considered at all in PCM, even though they can seriously damage the performance of a system. Based on these results, we propose a new communication scheme and a transient overload handling technique for the improved period calibration method.     

采用FPGA扩充PCI 9052外部FIFO

本文讨论了利用FPGA扩充PCI 9052外部FIFO的方法，同时给出了用FPGA实现的扩充FIFO的重要的性能评估参数。     

基于Windows CE.NET的数控系统实时性能测试与分析

Windows CE.NET自问世以来,得到了越来越广泛的应用.本文在对Windows CE.NET的特点、体系结构及实时性能进行综述的基础上,介绍了数控系统对实时性能的要求以及在基于Windows CE.NET的数控系统中控制实时任务的方法.然后,为了验证Windows CE.NET是否适合作为数控系统的开发平台,本文重点测试并分析了了基于Windows CE.NET数控系统的实时性能.     

多数控代码解释器共存的设计与应用

当前数控系统种类繁多,各大数控系统厂商数控代码指令互不兼容。在开放式数控系统及仿真软件中越来越多地需要支持多家厂商的数控代码体系,以满足终端用户的需求。基于Lex和Yacc对一个数控系统中多数控代码解释器共存开展了研究,并在GT100型数控系统中得到了成功的应用。     

基于RTAI的数控系统跟踪调试模型的设计与实现

为了丰富数控系统的调试手段,本文在RTAI进程间通信和环形缓冲区技术的基础上,提出一种基于RTAI的数控系统实时任务跟踪调试模型.该模型实现了动态地对数控系统中的实时任务进行跟踪,获取有效的调试信息,并在进行跟踪时对实时任务的性能影响尽量小,而在不跟踪时对实时任务几乎没有性能影响.该模型已在我们开发的数控系统调试工具中得到实际应用.     

可重构数控系统模块化设计的研制与开发

传统的数控系统相对独立彼此封闭,不同的数控厂家开发的软硬件不能互相替换,缺乏兼容性,阻碍了数控系统的升级换代,造成了人力,物力和财力的巨大浪费,同时也阻碍了数控机床生产对市场和用户的快速响应能力,为了解决这一问题,本提出可重构数控系统模型,以Windows和PC机为软,硬件平台,在组件对象模型（COM）基础上,初步实现数控系统软硬件模块的可重构。     

基于RT-Linux的数控系统进程间通信方式的研究

为了提高数控系统进程间的通信性能,提出一种用于用户空间进程和内核空间进程间高效通信的方法,该方法有机结合了RT-Linux提供的mbuff和实时FIFO,可有效减少数据拷贝,并彻底避免对是否有新数据到来的轮询监测等额外操作,从而获得较高的通信效率.已在我们开发的数控系统中得到实际应用,取得了满意的效果.     

An efficient machine tool control instruction compression method for networked numerical control systems

With the development of computer and information technology, function modules of computer numerical control (CNC) systems are moving up to network environment to simplify local machine tool controller architecture and increase function reusability. In this context, network-based CNC system generates machine control instructions (MCI) in network environment and send MCI to local machines. Compared with building a remote real-time communication channel between networked CNC and local machines, applying offline interpolator is more feasible under state-of-the-art hardware and software. However, the size of MCI generated by offline interpolator is large. Transmitting MCI without compression will be inefficient and increase lead time. Currently there has been few researches on the features and compression of offline MCI. In this paper, a simple and effective compression method for MCI named multichannel differential run-length encoding (MDRL) is proposed. Utilizing the limited variation and high repetition features of MCI, MDRL algorithm first calculates the differences of MCI, then encodes the amplitudes and repetition of difference values using fixed length codes. Compression performance discrepancy among different channels is controlled using compressed data chunks. The decompression process of MDRL only needs a few hundred of bytes of space and can process in real-time. Compression performance of MDRL is tested using three common manufacturing tasks under different system configurations. The results show that the mean compression ratio of MDRL is 3.41%-15.86%. The advantages of MDRL are further validated by comparing with three other data compression algorithms. By using MDRL, MCI transmission efficiency can be significantly increased for networked CNC systems to increase function reusability and shorten lead time.     

Cyber Security Intrusion Detection for Agriculture 4.0: Machine Learning-Based Solutions,Datasets, and Future Directions

In this paper, we review and analyze intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0 cyber security. Specifically, we present cyber security threats and evaluation metrics used in the performance evaluation of an intrusion detection system for Agriculture 4.0. Then, we evaluate intrusion detection systems according to emerging technologies, including, Cloud computing, Fog/Edge computing, Network virtualization, Autonomous tractors, Drones, Internet of Things, Industrial agriculture, and Smart Grids. Based on the machine learning technique used, we provide a comprehensive classification of intrusion detection systems in each emerging technology. Furthermore, we present public datasets, and the implementation frameworks applied in the performance evaluation of intrusion detection systems for Agriculture 4.0. Finally, we outline challenges and future research directions in cyber security intrusion detection for Agriculture 4.0.