基于关联规则的P2P视频点播缓存替换算法

传统的缓存替换算法缺乏对视频点播系统的针对性,不能有效的重用缓存数据,影响缓存查询命中率.为此,本文针对视频点播系统用户VCR操作的特点,提出了一种基于缓存数据块关联规则的P2P视频点播系统客户端缓存替换算法.此算法根据视频点播用户的VCR操作特征,在每个节点记录用户的播放历史,并利用P2P网络的优势,在节点间互换播放记录.节点从自身收集到的播放记录中提取出视频数据块之间的关联规则,根据关联规则更新数据块的流行度.缓存区被填满后流行度低的数据块就会被流行度较高的数据块替换.实验结果表明,与传统缓存替换算法相比,本算法能够提高缓存查询命中率,减轻服务器的负载.     

流媒体视频点播系统客户端功能的研究与设计

视频点播系统的客户端功能管理对流媒体视频点播系统的性能有重要的影响。本文通过对客户端功能的设计,给出一种适应流媒体点播系统的缓存管理策略和缓存替换算法。结果表明系统资源利用率和节目的播放质量和流畅性都得到了提高,证实了算法在流媒体点播系统中的可行性和有效性。     

P2P流媒体系统中基于关联规则的缓存替换策略

随着互联网的日益发展，人们对流媒体的需求不断提高，对视频服务器提出了更高的要求。P2P视频点播系统中传统的缓存替换策略无法获得很好的用户体验。针对此问题，本文对传统的缓存算法FIFO进行改进，提出基于关联规则的FIFO替换算法(FIFO-AR)。为了进一步提升缓存替换算法的性能，提出一种新的基于关联规则的缓存替换算法（CRA-AR）。根据用户的播放记录和视频段的流行度，并结合关联规则，从而得到待缓存的视频段。实验结果表明,FIFO-AR和CRA-AR相比于传统的缓存替换算法，具有较高的命中率和较少的响应时间。     

一种高性价比流服务器存储系统的设计

介绍了一种高性价比的流服务器三级存储系统的设计。为保证足够的服务质量，提出完整节目替换模式和一种基于时间加权LFUT(Least Frequently Used)替换算法，并用设计实例说明该系统具有较高的性能价格比。     

结合CDN与P2P技术的混合流媒体系统研究

对基于CDN和P2P的流媒体系统进行了分析对比,指出了它们各自的优缺点,并根据因特网的结构特点,给出了一种结合这两种技术的混合流媒体系统的设计方案,提出了客户机端的内容缓存替换问题并给出了一种替换算法,对客户机离线的随机性与频繁性问题,文中给出了一种新的失效服务节点的快速替换查找策略。     

电信级视频点播系统的设计与实现

视频点播服务是一种新的信息服务。作为信息服务运营商,电信需要构建电信级的视频点播系统以便有效提供电信级视频点播服务。针对电信级视频点播服务的设计需求,本文提出了一个电信级视频点播层次型分布式系统架构,并在该架构下,整合视频服务子系统、容错子系统、节目管理子系统、节目分发子系统、节目采编子系统、用户认证计费系统和网管子系统等七大功能系统,完整地实现了一个电信级视频点播系统,最终实现了城域范围内的视频点播服务。     

PLRU替换算法在嵌入式系统cache中的实现

合理的cache设计是缩小处理器和存储器速度差距的主要解决方法,也是影响系统性能的关键因素之一。cache替换策略是影响cache性能的主要因素,目前最常用的替换算法是LRU算法,为了降低模块复杂度和实现的难度,从LRU算法简化出一种PLRU（PseudoLRU）替换算法。通过采用开源的Simple Scalar仿真工具,对LRU、RANDOM、FIFO、PLRU等各种常见的cache替换算法进行了性能比较和分析,并对PLRU进行实现。实验结果表明,使用PLRU替换算法cache的缺失率与LRU算法基本相同,但是有着更小的面积和更短的关键路径。     

动态数据处理平台分布式缓存替换算法仿真

针对传统分布式缓存替换算法路由器命中缓存性能不足的问题,提出一种动态数据处理平台分布式缓存替换算法。描述动态数据处理平台分布式数据缓存信息,构建动态数据处理平台的缓存架构表,并根据缓存情况替换缓存架构表,通过不断替换的缓存架构表改进权重替换算法,在算法中添加缓存对象这一参数,并通过改进后的算法计算缓存对象的更新权重值及其权重成本,根据计算成本替换LRU链表中的尾指针元素,当元素已存在缓存中并且被命中时、或出现被请求的新元素时,则更新LRU链,构造新的LRU链表,通过重构的LRU链表构建分布式缓存替换策略,从而实现动态数据处理平台分布式缓存替换算法的构建。为了证明动态数据处理平台分布式缓存替换算法的优越性,将其与传统分布式缓存替换算法进行比较,实验结果证明,上述算法的路由器命中缓存性能优于传统算法,更适合进行动态数据处理平台的分布式缓存替换。     

一种P2P流媒体系统中的缓存替换算法

针对视频节目受欢迎程度不同的特性,提出一种P2P流媒体系统中的缓存替换算法,通过将系统中的全部视频片段分类,为其赋予不同的优先级,并周期性地更新该值,同时考虑视频片段被访问次数和最近被访问的情况,使得被替换出存储空间的片段更加合理。实验表明,该算法能提高缓存命中率及系统的启动延时,性能较优。     

自适应一致性替换算法的设计与实现

针对代理缓存的一致性策略和替换策略还没有很好地结合起来的技术现状,基于最优化模型,提出、设计和实现了一种新的优化代理缓存的自适应一致性--替换算法(即 ACR算法).这种算法包括一致性策略和替换策略两部分,一致性策略采用自适应TTL机制,替换策略是基于成本/价值模型的算法.通过Trace-Driven模拟实验,结果表明ACR算法在陈旧命中比上均优于传统的几个替换算法.     

PopCap: popularity oriented proxy caching for peer-assisted Internet video-on-demand streaming services

With the success of Internet video-on-demand (VoD) streaming services, the bandwidth required and the financial cost incurred by the host of the video server becoming extremely large. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and proxies are two common ways for reducing the server workload. In this paper, we consider a peer-assisted Internet VoD system with proxies deployed at domain gateways. We formally present the video caching problem with the objectives of reducing the video server workload and avoiding inter-domain traffic, and we obtain its optimal solution. Inspired by theoretical analysis, we develop a practical protocol named PopCap for Internet VoD services. Compared with previous work, PopCap does not require additional infrastructure support, is inexpensive, and able to cope well with the characteristic workloads of Internet VoD services. From simulation-based experiments driven by real-world data sets from YouTube, we find that PopCap can effectively reduce the video server workload, therefore provides a superior performance regarding the video server’s traffic reduction.     

一个具有高可用性的动态容错VoD系统

提出了一个在VoD系统中具有高可用性的动态容错算法。针对分布式应用的特点，能对控制节点实现服务器切换的容错，数据服务节点负载均衡分配和故障节点提供服务的恢复。同时按照文章一致性保证机制可以实现媒体服务故障恢复对客户端的透明。通过对系统可用性分析和仿真试验表明，该算法可以有救地提高系统的可用性。     

LBAS: An effective pricing mechanism towards video migration in cloud-assisted VoD system

Migrating video instances to cloud to form a cloud-assisted VoD system is an efficient way to solve the problem of increasing costs in the traditional VoD system. In this paper, we focus on further decreasing the costs in this system. We propose a pricing mechanism named LBAS to allocate video instances from VoD provider’s local servers to cloud platforms. First, a pricing algorithm which conforms to the principle of market is presented to determine the price of each video instance. Then, an auction algorithm which is based on low bid and replaceable instances is proposed to determine the allocation and payment of video instances. At last, in order to avoid the collusion among bidders in low-bid auction, the AEM algorithm is improved. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism makes the VoD provider decrease 10% of the costs compared with the VMC strategy.     

PopCap: popularity oriented proxy caching for peer-assisted Internet video-on-demand streaming services

With the success of Internet video-on-demand (VoD) streaming services, the bandwidth required and the financial cost incurred by the host of the video server becoming extremely large. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks and proxies are two common ways for reducing the server workload. In this paper, we consider a peer-assisted Internet VoD system with proxies deployed at domain gateways. We formally present the video caching problem with the objectives of reducing the video server workload and avoiding inter-domain traffic, and we obtain its optimal solution. Inspired by theoretical analysis, we develop a practical protocol named PopCap for Internet VoD services. Compared with previous work, PopCap does not require additional infrastructure support, is inexpensive, and able to cope well with the characteristic workloads of Internet VoD services. From simulation-based experiments driven by real-world data sets from YouTube, we find that PopCap can effectively reduce the video server workload, therefore provides a superior performance regarding the video server’s traffic reduction.     

Efficient algorithms for computation of the burstiness curve of video sources

The burstiness of a video source can be characterized by its burstiness curve. The burstiness curve is useful in the optimal allocation of resources to satisfy a desired quality of service for the video stream in a packet network. In this paper, we present deterministic algorithms for exact computation of the burstiness curve of a video source, for both elementary video streams and MPEG-2 Transport Streams. The algorithms exploit the piecewise linearity of the burstiness curve and compute only the points at which the slope of the burstiness curve changes. We also present approximate versions of these algorithms, which save computational effort by considering only a small number of candidate points at which the slope of the burstiness curve may change. The approximate algorithm was able to compute the burstiness curve of a 2-h long elementary video stream in approximately 10 s, as compared to over 6 h for the exact algorithm, with virtually no loss of accuracy in the computation. The efficiency of the proposed algorithms makes them suitable for quality-of-service (QoS) provisioning not only in off-line environments such as in video-on-demand (VoD) servers, but also in real-time applications such as in live TV distribution systems.     

Evaluating video layout strategies for a high-performance storage server

We propose a systems approach to providing video service that integrates the multiresolution data generated by scalable compression algorithms with the high-bandwidth, high-capacity storage provided by disk arrays. We introduce two layout strategies for storing multiresolution video data on magnetic disk arrays, which vary in the degrees of parallelism and concurrency they use to satisfy requests. Our simulation results show that the storage of multiple video resolutions allows a video file server to satisfy considerably more user requests than a server that stores a single resolution of video data.     

A vEB-tree-based architecture for interactive video on demand services in peer-to-peer networks

To provide interactive operations such as random seeking for peer-to-peer on demand video streaming is a challenge. In this paper, a vEB-tree (van Emde Boas tree)-based architecture is proposed for interactive VoD services in peer-to-peer networks. The proposed architecture divides a video into many segments that are distributed among participating peers. In this architecture, it includes a vEB-tree-based topology, searching procedures for demand segments, and a segment distribution scheme. It not only efficiently provides interactive operations but also reduces control messages. Additionally, each peer stores segments based on the proposed segment distribution scheme to reduce server stress. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed architecture outperforms other competing architectures in terms of jump latency, server stress, and cost of maintaining searching topology.     

Staggered push - a linearly scalable architecture for push-based parallel video servers

With the rapid performance improvements in low-cost PCs, it becomes increasingly practical and cost-effective to implement large-scale video-on-demand (VoD) systems around parallel PC servers. This paper proposes a novel parallel video server architecture where video data are striped across an array of autonomous servers connected by an interconnection network. To coordinate data transmissions from multiple autonomous servers to a client station, a staggered push scheduling algorithm is proposed. A system model is constructed to quantify the performance of the architecture. Unlike most studies, this work does not assume the existence of a global clock among the servers and tackles two problems arising from server asynchrony: inconsistent schedule assignment and traffic overlapping. The former problem is solved by using an admission scheduler and the latter problem is solved by an over-rate transmission scheme. Analytical results prove a remarkable property of the staggered push architecture: as long as the network has sufficient capacity, the system can be scaled up linearly to an arbitrary number of servers. Design examples and numerical results are used to evaluate the proposed architecture under realistic assumptions and to compare it against other architecture.     

面向跳播优化的P2P视频点播系统

基于P2VoD算法,针对其不足之处进行改变和优化,设计了新的系统。新的系统以树网结合的拓扑结构,实现对等体的加入、跳播、离开等行为的处理,尤其是对点播用户跳播行为的支持进行了特别的优化,减小了系统的延迟抖动。经过仿真,结果表明在相同的网络负载下,对等体初始加入网络时的延迟比P2VoD要小20％,同时系统比P2VoD更加稳定,并且实现了对跳播功能的支持,平均跳播时延约为初始时延的50％。     

An efficient server bandwidth costs decreased mechanism towards mobile devices in cloud-assisted P2P-VoD system

Recently, more and more devices with small buffer size such as PDAs or mobile phones are joining in the VoD system, which leads to two major challenges: how to efficiently distribute their bandwidth resources with small buffer size, and how to provide assistant mechanism to make them playback smoothness. In face of this situation and for the purpose of decreasing the server bandwidth costs, we propose a peers’ downloading mechanism called NCDLT to solve above challenges. It contains two algorithms. The first is neighbors and chunks downloading selection (NCS) algorithm and it ensures peers to find neighbors who can provide video data with lower refusal rate. The second is distributed linear taxation algorithm (DLT) and it makes peers with lower capability acquire enough download rate to reduce the request to servers. The simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms can offload the server bandwidth costs and improve the download rate of peers with small buffer size.