From broadcast television to Internet audio/video: techniques and tools for VCR‐style interactivity

One of the new applications evolving in the Internet is streaming audio/video. A major reason for its growing popularity is interest in the compelling new services that become possible. Prototype services are being developed which are new to the Internet but offer the same look, feel, and functionality that have traditionally only been found in services delivered via other communication medium, e.g. broadcast television. In addition, the Internet is evolving to offer ‘value‐added’ services, like streaming audio/video with VCR‐style interactivity and embedded hyperlinks. We are poised both on seeing the development of new paradigms for interacting with audio/video, and on seeing the merging of broadcast television and Internet‐based broadcasts. Before this process can be considered successful, a number of technical challenges, derived from the various ways in which content is physically delivered, must be solved. In this paper, we focus on the value‐added service of VCR interactivity. VCR interactivity has long been a challenge for both broadcast television and streamed Internet audio/video. The challenge is how to provide individualized playout for content being streamed to a large group of users using one‐to‐many delivery. While some new companies are starting to offer devices which provide this kind of service for broadcast television, there are still numerous technical challenges for the Internet‐based version of a similar service. This paper has a three‐fold objective. First, we describe the types of services available in the traditional broadcast infrastructure and compare these to the types of services that are deployed or possible in Internet‐based services. Second, we describe our attempts to implement some of the more challenging and novel service types. In particular, we examine client‐based control of programs streamed over the Internet to tens, thousands, or even millions of users. Finally, we discuss the impact of these services on the protocols and applications used to support Internet‐based, multi‐party conferencing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种面向视频业务的拥塞控制策略

近年来，因特网上的视频业务得到了广泛的发展。如何在异构的IP网上为用户提供满足QoS要求的视频服务，一直是人们研究的热点。本文提出了一种新的拥塞控制策略--基于分层重要性的队列管理和基于丢包检测的速率控制。仿真结果表明，该方法可以在网络拥塞情况下，为视频业务提供较好的QoS保证。     

An architectural approach towards Future Media Internet

Internet is the most important information exchange means nowadays and has become the core communication environment, not only for business relations, but also for social and human interaction. Yet, the immense success of Internet has created even higher hopes and expectations for new immersive and real-time applications and services. However, there are no guarantees that the current Internet will be able to support them. To face the new requirements coming from these new applications and services, several architectural approaches have been proposed. Evolutionary and clean-slate approaches, based on content-centric architectures, have been proposed for meeting new requirements regarding media. This paper highlights the main architectural functions and presents a revolutionary protocol stack and a holistic architectural approach that targets Future Media Internet (FMI). Among the architectural functions and the holistic approach, the paper presents solutions to overcome the current content delivery limitations, moving intelligence in the network and converting it into a content oriented/centric network, that goes well beyond current CDNs; supporting the functionalities for producing, publishing, caching, finding and consuming content; and a novel Future Media Internet protocol stack and network architecture.     

SHIATSU: tagging and retrieving videos without worries

The dramatic growth of video content over modern media channels (such as the Internet and mobile phone platforms) directs the interest of media broadcasters towards the topics of video retrieval and content browsing. Several video retrieval systems benefit from the use of semantic indexing based on content, since it allows an intuitive categorization of videos. However, indexing is usually performed through manual annotation, thus introducing potential problems such as ambiguity, lack of information, and non-relevance of index terms. In this paper, we present SHIATSU, a complete system for video retrieval which is based on the (semi-)automatic hierarchical semantic annotation of videos exploiting the analysis of visual content; videos can then be searched by means of attached tags and/or visual features. We experimentally evaluate the performance of SHIATSU on two different real video benchmarks, proving its accuracy and efficiency.     

RTP自适应传输控制算法的研究

RTP自适应传输控制算法是在基于实时传输协议（RTP）的流媒体服务中进行端到端流量控制的算法,对于保证流媒体服务质量有重要作用。本文详细介绍了流媒体传输对RTP自适应传输控制算法的要求,对现有算法的各个组成棋块进行了深入分析;总结了目前RTP自适应传输控制算法的特点,指出了该算法今后研究和设计的趋势。     

Automatic and fast temporal segmentation for personalized news consuming

Automatic news program segmentation and classification becomes a hot topic, which reorganizes the news program according to the news’ topics, and provides the on-demand services to mobile consumers or Internet/home TV consumers. This paper presents a personalized news consuming system, including the system architecture, consumption steps and key techniques. Then, focused on the core technique, i.e., video temporal segmentation, the automatic video temporal segmentation method is proposed, evaluated and compared with existing ones. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is computational efficient and gets higher correct detection rate. These properties make it a suitable choice for the personalized news consuming system.     

智能流媒体视频服务系统

随着多媒体和网络技术的发展,网络视频服务变得越来越重要。该文介绍的智能流媒体视频服务系统,以研究流媒体技术与MPEG技术的融合为基础,提供了一个包括内容制作,内容描述,内容管理,资源检索,内容发布,版权保护的统一的网络视频应用服务智能一体化解决方案。文章简要介绍了系统的结构设计,以及可扩展编码及自适应流传输,智能视频检索,视频水印等涉及的关键技术的实现方法。     

Packet loss in peer-to-peer video streaming over the Internet

Peer-to-peer streaming has recently gained attention as an effective solution to support large scale media streaming applications over the Internet. One of the main challenges of peer-to-peer video streaming is the cumulative impact of the Internet packet loss due to the decoding dependency of the compressed video frames. In this paper we study the impact of the Internet packet loss on the performance of peer-to-peer video streaming systems, and analyze the efficiency of various packet loss recovery policies in such systems. Our analytical and simulation results show how the Internet packet loss can affect the performance of peer- to-peer video streaming systems and how different packet loss recovery policies can be effective for such systems. Our analysis results give us some insights that can be used in designing efficient peer-to-peer video streaming systems.     

Android实时流媒体监控的关键技术研究

以视频监控系统在物联网中的应用为背景,介绍了如何在Android平台上进行实时的视频监控系统的开发。在对Android操作系统进行深入分析的基础之上。提出了一个基于Android的流媒体监控方案,此方案通过移植X264开源库,实现了Android视频的H．264编码,并通过双缓冲文件搭建流媒体服务器对实时视频流进行发布。通过对系统的测试,指出了值得改进的方向,为今后的研究工作提供参考。     

基于Internet的视频代理缓存服务器设计的若干关键问题

With the boom of the network technology, all kinds of services based on the Internet come into being. A-mong them, the most promising one is the video service. All of this kind of service has been paid much attention,such as videoconference and video-on-demand. Because of the instability of the Internet environment, the traditional Client/Server mode in the LAN, which is used to support the data transmission, is not suitable any longer. And the newly designed Server/Proxy/Client one is more effective. This paper describes this architecture and its service pat-tern, does some deep research on the key issues of the design of the proxy cache server, such as the caching and re-olacernent nlr the viden data, the management and coordination of multi-proxy-servers.     

光网用户终端远程诊断方案研究及现网实施

随着上海电信光网宽带产品的大规模普及,家庭业务更加丰富,除了可以使用20 Mbit/s以上宽带上网业务外,还可以使用视频应用(如IPTV)以及基于IP的话音(如VoIP)服务。上述综合复杂的业务对用户侧故障定位及排查提出了挑战,也给上海电信售后、维修服务带来了更大阻力。本文着重研究和实现基于终端管理协议TR-069的ITMS(综合终端管理系统)在光网用户侧终端故障诊断方面的商用方案,并将数据挖掘方法应用于诊断数据继而得出实用结果。为光网用户侧终端的故障诊断发展做了有益的探索和尝试,并做了前瞻性的展望。     

Beyond the Web: Mobile WAP-Based Management

Mobility, tightening competition and changes in system administrator behavior present new challenges in the management world. In particular, the need to constantly monitor services and rapidly identify and fix problems is becoming increasingly important. The Internet has made it possible to offer a comprehensive range of management services and applications accessible over the web. Nevertheless, in the near future a new and improved way to manage systems will be done by means of mobile phones. This paper shows how existing web-based solutions can be enhanced to support the new generation of media phones based on WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) technology. Although the specific focus of this work is on management solutions, the rsults are general and applicable to many other types of existing web-based applications. Some implementation details and experiences drawn from adding a WAP interface to an existing web-based management application are described.     

New sites,new sounds: An internet resource on the music and musicians of free improvisation 1

The Internet is seen as providing information services and products discrete and separate from print‐based media, but so far there have been few manifestations of actually useful services, though this is changing. This paper describes one such multimedia resource that has been running for thirty months, on a specific aspect of music: European Free Improvisation. After an overview of free improvisation, the content of the web site is described — audio, video, and collaborative full text material ‐ as well as involvement in a current EU‐funded ACT project, GAIA.     

一种移动介质的新型车载影音系统

随着互联网迅速发展,其影音、歌曲资源越来越丰富,实时更新的速度非常快,人们可以通过移动介质将电影、电视剧、歌曲等集中存储,以方便携带。本文研究基于移动介质的低价位高性能车载影音系统,其将取代现有高价位以DVD机芯为载体的影音系统,使车载影音系统真正普及到家用轿车上,具有良好的市场前景。本文从系统工作原理、整体设计、硬件、软件上分别描述。     

基于用户兴趣语义的视频关键帧提取

目前,视频关键信息提取技术主要集中于根据视频低层特征进行关键帧的提取,忽略了与用户兴趣相关的语义信息。对视频进行语义建模需收集大量已标注的视频训练样本,费时费力。为缓解这一问题,使用大量互联网图像数据构建基于用户兴趣的语义模型,这些图像数据内容丰富、同时涵盖大量事件信息;然而,从互联网获取的图像知识多样且常伴随图像噪声,使用蛮力迁移将大幅影响视频最终提取效果,提出使用近义词联合权重模型衡量互联网中存在差异但语义相近的图像组,并利用这些图像组构建语义模型。通过联合权重学习获取语义权重,每一图像组在知识迁移中所起的作用由权重值决定。使用来自不同视频网站的多段视频对所提方法进行验证,实验结果表明对用户感兴趣的内容进行联合权重语义建模能更加全面、准确地获取信息,从而有效指导视频关键帧提取。     

Developing Skype-Based Reference Services

ABSTRACT

Internet voice and video calling have demonstrated a dramatic rise in quality in the past several years and have quickly become communication technologies with a disruptive impact on society. Librarians, who regularly adopt such technologies in outreach and public services, should evaluate Web-calling programs as potential sources of innovative reference programming. This article describes the development of Skype video and Internet telephony pilot reference services at the Ohio University Libraries and considers the utility of Skype and VoIP in a library setting.     

Internet Based Collaborative Product Conceptual Design

Generation of Product Concept needs to give full play to the designers' innovative potential and collaborative work of experts in different fields. However, the collaborative innovative capabilities of geographically distributed designers are often limited and hindered by space and time. Therefore, on the basis of the requirements analysis of Internet based collaborative conceptual design and the research work we have done, this paper proposes the overall framework of supporting collaborative conceptual design on Internet. Based on this overall framework, the authors further put forward collaborative conceptual design process model that includes three stages: concept generation, concept communication and optimal product concept selection. At the end of the paper, the experiment environment of collaborative design is described. The overall framework and collaborative conceptual design process model proposed can take full advantage of Internet and give full play to experts' experiences and wisdom, so that the rapid development and innovative design of product can be provided with effectively and efficiently implemental mode and support on Internet.     

Scalable video transmission for the Internet

Information systems and distributed applications for the Internet show a growing demand for real-time audiovisual services. Support for those services within the Internet protocol layer will be widely available in the near future. Nevertheless, the heterogeneous structure of the Internet remains to be a great obstacle for establishing real-time video services. Scalable video codecs, generating bit-streams decodable at different rates, have been proposed to address the heterogeneity problem. In this article we present a scalable codec based on a spatio-temporal resolution pyramid combined with lattice vector quantization for efficient compression. With this approach additional lower bit-rate layers can be transmitted at the same overall bit-rate as needed by an H.263 single-layer transmission. The complexity of the codec is sufficiently low to allow software-only implementations of Internet video services. This is demonstrated on an Internet video server application.     

视频细粒度可分级编码研究进展

Internet的迅速发展使越来越多的应用使用流媒体技术。作为流媒体的核心技术之一，视频的可分级编码技术已经成为一个重要的研究领域。本文首先对MPEG-4修订版中FGS的编码机制、可扩展特性和所存在的问题进行了讨论，然后对细粒度可分级视频编码的研究进展进行了分析，最后对视频细粒度可分级编码的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

基于P2P的视频点播系统的设计与实现

目前基于IP的各种互联网应用层出不穷,其中对视频节目的下载需求也逐渐增大,但是传统的视频下载服务主要是采用客户端/服务器模式,服务器以单播的方式和每个客户建立连接。随着客户数目的快速增加,服务器的带宽等资源成为系统瓶颈。P2P技术作为解决这种问题的一个方案,应用日益广泛。本文在对当前流行的几种P2P结构进行研究的基础上,提出下载排序以及播放控制两种算法优化,并以开源软件JTorrent为基础,开发出适合流媒体播放的点播系统。