一个基于多线程的优先级继承协议锁的算法研究

实时线程库对构造实时中间件和开发具有良好可移植性，有实时要求的分布式应用具有重要意义，防止优先级翻转的线程互斥和同步机制是实现实时线库的核心，目前多数的线程库都缺乏这种机制，基于优先级继承协议，提出了一个防止优先级反转的互斥算法，算法能够保证操作的原子性，可以避免发生死锁，且能够有效地防优先级翻转，在Windows和Solaris平台上对性能进行了分析，并将算法应用到了实时CORBA工程实践之中。     

实时中间件的优先级映射

实时CORBA(common object request broker architecture)规定了独立于操作系统的CORBA优先级,每个请求都可以携带CORBA优先级,而执行请求的所有线程都使用该CORBA优先级映射后的本地操作系统优先级.如何将范围较大的CORBA优先级映射到范围较小的操作系统优先级,并且尽量保持CORBA优先级的序关系,避免优先级翻转是实时CORBA需要解决的重要问题.该问题在实时中间件中具有普遍意义.简要介绍了实时中间件中的优先级映射机制,提出了中间件优先级到本地操作系统优先级的静态散列法和动态映射法,并给出了动态映射法的实现算法.散列法实现简单,但会影响中间件的互操作和可移植性,难以保证优先级映射的严格序关系;动态映射法实现复杂,但能严格保证优先级映射的序关系.     

实时CORBA中优先级翻转的分析及解决方案

随着实时CORBA规范的推出,在实时领域内CORBA的应用需求日益增加。本文阐述了将CORBA应用于实时系统中优先级翻转发生的根源,并参考著名的实时CORBA实现——TAO——阐述了相应的解决方案,主要有非共享的资源分配方式、请求的动态分发和散列等。     

实时CORBA规范分析与评述

实时系统是一类应用极为广泛的系统,而通用CORBA规范对实时应用支持不足,所以OMG制订了实时COR-BA1.0规范.。该规范支持固定优先级的实时CORBA应用,提供了实时CORBA应用中对象调用操作端到端的可预测性。文章对实时CORBA规范中所定义的控制和管理系统资源的策略和机制进行了较为详尽的阐述,并对其进行了分析与评述。     

实时CORBA线程研究与实现

近年来实时CORBA的在金融、电信、保险、医疗、制造业等行业发挥着越来越重要的作用,开发基于实时CORBA的应用程序,提高系统端对端的预测能力,使系统具有可靠健壮的性能.首先论述了实时CORBA体系结构与线程控制机制,对实时CORBA的ORB、POA与线程控制机制关系、实时CORBA线程的实现方式、线程的管理策略作了分析讨论,在这基础上讨论了建立实时系统的应用实例,将CORBA优先映射为本地优先,提供了灵活的线程管理机制,有效防止了线程的优先级翻转.     

线程库的研究与实现

本文详细论述了分布式中间件和分布式应用开发对线程库的需求,并结合实时CORBA中间件开发的实际,提出了一个具有Java风格的线程接口、统一线程优先级、能够在不同平台上运行、具有多级调度能力、满足分时和实时应用的面向对象线程库;给出了线程库中关键技术的解决方法和相关算法。     

静态实时中间件的优先级映射问题

使用截止期单调(DM)调度算法和分布式优先级冲顶资源访问控制协议(DPCP)的实时CORBA系统中,当节点的本地优先级个数不足时,必须将多个全局优先级映射成一个本地优先级.这需要:①判定映射后任务可调度性的充分必要条件;②减少时间复杂度的映射算法.为此,推导出判定条件,确定了DGPM映射算法.该算法在保证系统可调度的前提下分配任务,或者证明映射后系统不可调度.证明了DGPM算法能调度其他直序列优先级映射算法可调度的任务和GCS集合.判定条件和算法在实际项目中得到了应用.     

在μC/OS-II中消除优先级反转

使用实时内核,优先级反转是实时系统中出现最多的问题。为了防止这种现象的发生,内核必须能够自动变换任务的优先级,目前比较有效的方法有优先级继承和优先级顶置等。而作为一个优秀而应用广泛的实时内核,μC/OS-II没有防优先级反转的机制。基于此,首先分析了优先级反转及解决方法,然后提出如何对μC/OS-II的调度算法进行扩展,使其支持优先级顶置协议,从而良好解决了该实时系统中的优先级反转问题,提高了系统的实时性能。     

在μC/OS-Ⅱ中消除优先级反转

使用实时内核,优先级反转是实时系统中出现最多的问题。为了防止这种现象的发生,内核必须能够自动变换任务的优先级．目前比较有效的方法有优先级继承和优先级顶置等。而作为一个优秀而应用广泛的实时内核,μC／OS-Ⅱ没有防优先级反转的机制。基于此,首先分析了优先级反转及解决方法,然后提出如何对μC／OS—Ⅱ的调度算法进行扩展．使其支持优先级顶置协议,从而良好解决了该实时系统中的优先级反转问题．提高了系统的实时性能。     

基于实时Java的实时CORBA研究

由于C 的复杂性,越来越多的分布式实时应用开始采用Java语言.该文从实时ORB核心POA、实时线程池、CORBA优先级到RTSJ优先级的映射、实时GIOP这4个方面对实时CORBA在实时Java上的实现进行了基本分析.     

Software Architectures for Reducing Priority Inversion and Non-determinism in Real-time Object Request Brokers

There is increasing demand to extend Object RequestBroker (ORB) middleware to support distributed applications withstringent real-time requirements. However, conventional ORB implementations,such as CORBA ORBs, exhibit substantial priority inversion andnon-determinism, which makes them unsuitable for applicationswith deterministic real-time requirements. This paper providestwo contributions to the study and design of real-time ORB middleware.First, it illustrates empirically why conventional ORBs do notyet support real-time quality of service. Second, it evaluatesconnection and concurrency software architectures to identifystrategies that reduce priority inversion and non-determinismin real-time CORBA ORBs. The results presented in this paperdemonstrate the feasibility of using standard OO middleware likeCORBA to support certain types of real-time applications overthe Internet.     

应用中的嵌入式Linux实时优化

以Linux2.6为对象，在分析了国内外有关提高Linux实时性的几种方法的基础上，对任务切换、优先级调度算法以及中断服务程序提出了改进方式。引入了“在实时系统中，只有当进程的临界区能在下一个实时任务开始之前结束才被允许进入”的任务切换机制，实现了优先级置顶的方法以避免发生优先级倒置的现象，并用内核线程代替中断服务程序。上述方法可用在嵌入式领域和对实时性有较高要求的Linux应用中。     

Resource access control for dynamic priority distributed real-time systems

Many of today’s complex computer applications are being modeled and constructed using the principles inherent to real-time distributed object systems. In response to this demand, the Object Management Group’s (OMG) Real-Time Special Interest Group (RT SIG) has worked to extend the Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) standard to include real-time specifications. This group’s most recent efforts focus on the requirements of dynamic distributed real-time systems. One open problem in this area is resource access synchronization for tasks employing dynamic priority scheduling. This paper presents two resource synchronization protocols that meet the requirements of dynamic distributed real-time systems as specified by Dynamic Scheduling Real-Time CORBA 2.0 (DSRT CORBA). The proposed protocols can be applied to both Earliest Deadline First (EDF) and Least Laxity First (LLF) dynamic scheduling algorithms, allow distributed nested critical sections, and avoid unnecessary runtime overhead. These protocols are based on (i) distributed resource preclaiming that allocates resources in the message-based distributed system for deadlock prevention, (ii) distributed priority inheritance that bounds local and remote priority inversion, and (iii) distributed preemption ceilings that delimit the priority inversion time further. Chen Zhang is an Assistant Professor of Computer Information Systems at Bryant University. He received his M.S. and Ph.D. in Computer Science from the University of Alabama in 2000 and 2002, a B.S. from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. Dr. Zhang’s primary research interests fall into the areas of distributed systems and telecommunications. He is a member of ACM, IEEE and DSI. David Cordes is a Professor of Computer Science at the University of Alabama; he has also served as Department Head since 1997. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science from Louisiana State University in 1988, an M.S. in Computer Science from Purdue University in 1984, and a B.S. in Computer Science from the University of Arkansas in 1982. Dr. Cordes’s primary research interests fall into the areas of software engineering and systems. He is a member of ACM and a Senior Member of IEEE.     

基于CORBA的分布式系统实时语音播放程序设计

随着计算机技术的发展出现了分布式系统应用,而如何在具有异构节点的环境中搭建分布式系统是其开发过程中的一个难点。本文介绍了CORBA技术,探究了CORBA的实时性,并在此基础上使用CORBA中间件在异构环境中搭建了分布式系统。此外,还通过CORBA实现了语音数据的实时传递及播放,并在实际环境中对程序进行了测试。测试结果表...