基于Retinex理论低照度图像增强方法的比较与策略选择

图像采集过程中,由于周围环境光照、天气(阴雨天等)及拍照物体表面采光不均匀等问题,导致图像质量降低,严重干扰了图像有效信息的提取。Retinex理论是基于人类视觉系统所建立的一种图像增强理论方法,有效解决了图像色彩信息、光照不均匀等问题。基于此,分析了低照度图像造成的原因及不足,并针对低照度图像不足的问题,总结与分析基于随机路径的Retinex算法、分段线性路径选择的Retinex算法、中心环绕的Retinex算法等几种典型Retinex图像增强研究方法模型,为后续工作奠定基础。     

基于变指数各向异性扩散和非局部的最大似然期望最大低剂量CT重建算法

针对低剂量计算机断层扫描(CT)重建图像发生严重衰退的问题,提出一种基于变指数和非局部的最大似然期望最大(MLEM)低剂量CT重建算法。该算法考虑了传统各向异性扩散中降噪不充分的缺点,把可以有效折中热传导和各向异性扩散(P-M)这两种模型的变指数,以及代替梯度检测边缘和细节的相似度函数运用到传统各向异性扩散中,从而达到所期望的效果。该算法在每次迭代中首先采用基本的MLEM算法对低剂量CT投影数据进行重建; 然后利用基于非局部的相似性测度以及变指数和模糊数学的理论对各向异性扩散的扩散函数进行改进,用改进后的各向异性扩散对重建图像进行降噪;最后使用中值滤波对图像进行处理从而消除脉冲噪声点。实验结果表明,所提出算法的均方绝对误差、归一化均方距离均比有序子集惩罚最小二乘(OS-PLS)、有序子集惩罚最大似然一步迟疑(OS-PML-OSL)、基于传统P-M、基于方差的算法小,获得了高达10.52的信噪比。该算法重建出的图像可以在有效消除噪声的同时较好地保持图像的边缘和细节信息。     

消除光晕现象的快速Retinex图像增强

由于假设场景中光照是平缓变化的,传统的中心环绕Retinex图像增强方法在处理高动态范围图像时易在明暗对比强烈处产生光晕现象.提出一种快速Retinex图像增强方法,以模拟人类视觉系统的全局和局部自适应性.首先对原图进行全局动态范围调整,然后使用mean shift滤波进行估计光照,并基于中心环绕假设消除光照不均影响,在后处理中对图像去除孤立点所占的直方图范围.实验结果表明,该方法能有效地克服光照不均并消除了光晕现象;使用了mean shift加速算法,运行速度快于已有同类方法.     

模糊多尺度Retinex彩色图像增强

由于中心环绕Retinex算法中假设场景中光照是平缓变化的,所以在图像明暗对比强烈处易出现光晕现象。针对Retinex传统算法的固有缺陷,结合MSRCR算法在色彩恢复上的优势,提出了一种模糊多尺度Retinex彩色图像增强方法（FMSRCR）。FMSRCR使中心环绕空间对比运算仅在光照强度相近的区域中进行,克服了光照不均的影响。同时采用自适应高斯模,减少了卷积运算量。通过实验证明该方法是有效的。     

基于Retinex和BM3D的图像增强

为克服传统Retinex算法没有解决的噪声问题,提出了一种基于Retinex和BM3D的图像增强算法。该方法将BM3D去噪环节加入到传统Retinex算法中。首先,计算出图像各像素之间的相对明暗关系,进而对待处理图像中的每个像素点灰度值进行校正;然后,通过在相邻图像块中搜索相似块,组成一个三维矩阵,并在三维空间进行滤波处理,得到块预估计值;最后,对图像中每个点进行加权得到最终的处理结果。实验结果表明,该算法既能显示阴影、光照区域中的细节,又能有效消除图像中含有的噪声,克服了传统Retinex图像增强算法的不足。     

Retinex算法及其在雾天图像增强中的应用研究

通过从像素比较路径选择的角度出发,分析了Retinex算法一些常用的计算策略,包括基于随机路径的Retinex算法、基于迭代计算的McCann’s Retinex算法、基于中心环绕的Retinex算法,并将其应用于雾天图像增强。     

基于Retinex的图像阴影恢复技术的研究与实现

针对阴影部分细节恢复的Retinex模型, 提出了一种将多尺度Retinex算法与泰勒拉伸相结合的新型算法。算法中采用高斯滤波无限脉冲响应实现多尺度Retinex, 并且通过一元二次泰勒展开函数对图像进行拉伸, 同时利用高斯分布对拉伸区域进行自适应设定。实际结果表明, 提出的算法能够有效地增强图像信息, 在恢复和改善阴影区域细节的同时提高了图像的对比度, 并保持了图像的色彩空间。同时, 本算法具有较快的运算速率, 在一定程度上实现了算法的实时性要求。     

滤波器可变的Retinex雾天图像增强算法

针对现有中心环绕Retinex图像增强算法滤波器固定,不能对雾天图像有效地同时增强细节与色彩保真的问题,提出一种滤波器可变的Retinex图像增强算法.首先根据雾天图像雾化程度的分布特征得到滤波参数的阈值;然后将原图中每一子块的局部信息与阈值信息作差运算得到相应的滤波器,由此计算出该子块的入射分量,并通过部分重叠策略平移子块完成对整幅图像的入射分量估计;最后将原图减去整幅图像的入射分量得到反射分量,实现对图像的增强.通过主观观测和客观评价的结果表明:该算法比现有的中心环绕Retinex算法在细节增强和颜色保真方面具有更好的效果.     

改进的TV模型图像修复算法

分析了基于整体变分(total variation,TV)模型的图像修复算法,TV模型修复算法只使用各向异性扩散,TV模型各向异性扩散仅向图像边缘方向扩散,容易在平滑区域引入阶梯效应.提出了一种改进的图像修复算法,该算法同时结合了各向同性和各向异性扩散,利用区域频率差异实现了在不同的区域使用不同的迭代方程,有效避免了原始算法引入的阶梯效应,同时在平滑区域提高了迭代效率.Matlab环境下的仿真结果表明,改进算法的修复效果和峰值信噪比的计算结果均明显优于原始算法.     

图像引导滤波的局部多尺度Retinex算法

Retinex算法是一种用于消除由光照变化给图像所带来的负面影响的图像增强算法。该算法的求解通常需要基于入射分量分段光滑的假设,利用正则化的方法迭代求解,计算效率低。文中基于一项最近提出的研究——"图像引导滤波",提出一种非迭代的Retinex算法框架。基于反射分量也满足分段光滑的假设,采用两次图像引导滤波克服了图像噪声所带来的影响。然后在基于小波变换域图像融合策略的基础上,提出基于图像引导滤波的多尺度Retinex算法,实现图像细节增强与颜色保真之间的平衡。实验结果表明,与各种算法相比,该算法在克服噪声、细节增强和颜色保真方面能够取得更好的效果。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate