原位热压TiC/Ti/Al合成Ti2AlC的研究

以TiC/Ti/Al为原料,采用热压工艺在1400℃原位合成和烧结了含少量第二相Ti3AlC2的Ti2AlC材料.通过不同温度和不同热压时间下合成试样的XRD分析探讨了Ti2AlC的合成过程.结果表明,高温下Ti与Al反应生成中间相TiAl金属间化合物,然后TiC与TiAl金属间化合物反应生成Ti2AlC.初期反应非常迅速,大部分Ti2AlC在此阶段生成.反应后期反应物减少,速度变慢,同时生成少量第二相Ti3AlC2.不同温度下合成的Ti2AlC颗粒具有不同的形貌特征.     

Ti-Al-TiC系统的反应合成与相形成过程

采取原位热压方法,以Ti、Al、TiC为原料合成了TiAl/Ti2AlC复合材料.通过差热分析和X衍射图谱,分析了从600℃到1300℃,Ti-Al-TiC系统的反应合成过程和相形成规律.反应大致可分为两个阶段:900℃之前,Ti和Al的反应生成TiAl金属间化合物;900℃之后,TiAl金属间化合物和TiC反应并合成致密TiAl/Ti2AlC复合材料.讨论了这两个阶段的反应机理及烧结产物的微观结构特点.     

原位合成含有Al2O3晶须Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料机理的研究

利用氧对金属Ti,Al粉的部分氧化,原位合成含Al2O3晶须的Al2O3/Ti-Al复合材料,利用XRD,EDAX和NO-RAN能谱仪对材料的晶相组成和元素成分进行分析,利用SEM观察材料显微组织和断口形貌。结果表明,反应步骤为:Ti,Al金属粉表面氧化→铝的熔化→TiAl3的生成→Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al等多种化合物生成和Al对TiO2的还原反应;铝含量决定了材料的晶相组成,铝不足时,生成Ti2Al,TiAl,Ti3Al等多种金属间化合物和氧化铝,铝含量足够时,最终的产物为TiAl3,金属铝以及氧化铝等相;氧化铝晶须是通过VLS机理生成的,产物中晶须的数量和发达程度随铝含量的增加而递增,晶须的直径随热处理温度升高而增加。     

Ti_2AlC/Al_2O_3复合材料的原位合成及其力学性能

以Ti、TiC、Al和TiO2为原料,通过原位热压反应烧结法在1 350℃合成Ti2AlC/Al2O3复合材料。利用XRD详细研究了其反应过程,并分析了Al2O3对材料微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,该体系在热压过程中的反应分多步进行,主要包括Ti粉与Al粉反应生成Ti-Al金属间化合物,TiO2与Al反应生成Al2O3以及Ti-Al金属间化合物与TiC反应生成Ti2AlC材料。原位反应生成的Al2O3均匀分布在Ti2AlC晶界上,抑制了Ti2A1C晶体的异常生长,从而使基体相Ti2AlC晶粒细小、均匀。力学性能测试表明Ti2AlC/12%(质量分数)Al2O3复合材料的硬度、抗压强度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性较Ti2AlC单相材料分别提高了66%,126%,130%和19.3%,并分析了其改性机理。     

热压复合制备Ti-Al3Ti层状复合材料组织结构研究

采用热压复合工艺在不同工艺参数下制备了Ti-Al3Ti层状复合材料,利用SEM和EDS对材料的组织结构进行了观察,研究了热压复合工艺参数对Ti/Al扩散反应及反应层微观组织结构的影响规律.结果表明,在不同工艺参数下,Ti/Al叠层热压复合反应的初生相均为Al3Ti.600℃时Ti/Al叠层只发生少许反应,在界面处生成一薄层Al3Ti,650和700℃时,Al层完全反应,各层界面处结合状态良好,层间结合紧密.650℃时Al3Ti为唯一生成相,但700℃时,由于反应动力学的影响Al3Ti/Ti层之间有TiAl层生成,Ti-Al系金属间化合物的生成顺序为Al3Ti→TiAl.反应过程中液相的存在能够使Ti、Al持续紧密接触,加快反应速度,促进反应顺利进行.     

Al-Ti-TiO2体系燃烧合成及其反应过程研究

利用Al-Ti-TiO2体系放热反应，采用自蔓延高温合成工艺，原位合成了TiAl基体和Al2O3颗粒，成功制备出TiAl/Al2O3复合材料。结合差热分析，通过对不同温度下反应产物相组成分析，对Al-Ti-TiO2体系燃烧反应过程进行了初步研究。结果表明，铝热还原反应是一个分步过程，先期发生的Al-Ti,Ti-TiO2反应降低了Al-TiO2还原反应的起始温度。     

TiC-Al2O3/Fe3Al复合粉末的燃烧合成

以天然钛铁矿为主要原料,采用燃烧合成技术制备了TiC-Al2O3/Fe3Al金属间化合物/陶瓷基复合材料.研究了预热时间和热处理对燃烧合成过程及产物的影响.研究结果表明:随着预热时间的延长,燃烧温度和燃烧波速率都增加,产物晶胞参数增大,合成更为完全,无序固溶相进行有序化转变的程度增大.当预热5min时,Fe3Al有序金属间化合物的量明显高于无序固溶相,但继续延长预热时间很难将无序相消除;在750℃下进行热处理,可以制备出以Fe3Al金属间化合物为主要成分的复合粉体.     

B4C／Al2O3／TiC复合陶瓷的力学性能和微观结构

利用热压烧结工艺成功制备了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷.探讨了TiC含量对B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷力学性能和显微结构的影响,并研究了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷的增韧机制.结果表明,在烧结过程中B4C与TiC发生原位反应,生成了TiB2.发生原位反应有效的降低了B4C/Al2O3复合陶瓷的致密化烧结温度;B4C/Al2O3复合陶瓷烧结温度为2150℃,B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷的烧结温度为1900℃.而且,原位反应提高了B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合陶瓷相对密度和力学性能.裂纹偏转和裂纹钉扎是B4C/Al2O3/TiC复合材料主要增韧机制.     

Al-Ti-TiO2体系自蔓延高温合成及机理

采用自蔓延高温合成技术制备了TiAl/Al2O3复合材料,研究了原料配比对合成过程及产物特征的影响,结果表明,随着Al2O3含量的增加,燃烧温度和燃烧速度均增大,材料的致密度得到改善。Al2O3颗粒尺寸小于1μm,分布于基体交界处,有一定程度的团聚。通过差热分析研究了Al-Ti-TiO2体系反应过程,发现Al-TiO2还原较晚开始,但由于激活能低而速度较快,因此较早完成,TiAl3最早生成,但只作为中间产物存在,随后向TiAl和TiAl3相转变的过程为控制环节,其激活能也体现为总反应的激活能。     

微晶化对TiAl抗高温氧化性能的影响

研究了微晶化对TiAl金属间化合物在800～900℃抗恒温及循环氧化性能的影响铸态和微晶TiAl在800～900℃下均形成TiO2和Al2O3的复合氧化物膜，恒温氧化动力学均近似服从抛物线规律，微晶化对TiAl的恒温氧化性能无明显影响，但微晶化通过改善氧化膜的粘附性提高了TiAl的抗循环氧化能力     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.