基于混沌理论和支持向量机的人脸识别方法

针对如何选定主成分分析(PCA)特征维数和如何选定支持向量机(SVM)的参数来进一步提高人脸识别系统性能的问题,提出了一种基于混沌理论和支持向量机的人脸识别方法.首先,在统一的目标函数下,在采用PCA方法对人脸图像进行降维和将得到的特征送入SVM中进行训练期间,使用具有可操作性的改进混沌优化算法同时对PCA图像特征维数和分类器参数进行优化选择,然后用得到的优化人脸特征和最佳参数的分类器对未知图像进行识别.基于该方法,对ORL和Yale人脸库进行实验,其识别率都高达99%以上,仿真结果表明,该方法极大地提高了人脸识别能力.     

基于粒子群最小二乘支持向量机的前视声呐目标识别

随着声成像技术的日益发展和广泛应用,利用图像声呐进行水下目标识别逐渐成为水声探测领域的重要研究方向之一。根据前视声呐图像的特性,提出了一种水下目标识别的方法。对声呐图像进行去噪和增强处理并分割图像,来获取目标所在区域、提取目标的区域形状特征;利用粒子群算法优化最小二乘支持向量机的正则化参数和核参数,构造出高性能的多分类器;输入待识别目标的特征实现分类。实验表明:优化后的最小二乘支持向量机能够准确、有效地识别出水下目标,并且具有较高的精度。     

支持向量机集成和特征选择联合算法

提出了两种基于支持向量机集成和特征选择联合算法。联合算法的核心思想是在构建基础分类器的同时选择有效特征。通过对实测舰船数据和公共数据的识别实验,证明了两种算法都可以用于舰船目标识别。算法一更适用于冗余特征较多的情况。算法二在对舰船目标识别时,选择的特征数目降低为原来特征数目的30%,正确分类率比单个支持向量机高近10%。     

基于改进麻雀算法优化支持向量机的滚动轴承故障诊断研究

针对群智能算法优化支持向量机模型应用在滚动轴承故障诊断领域中易陷入局部最优、准确率较低的问题,提出了一种基于改进麻雀算法(sparrow search algorithm, SSA)优化支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先引入均匀化分布Chebyshev混沌映射初始化麻雀种群,以提高种群空间分布均匀性,之后将自适应惯性权重融入麻雀算法的发现者位置更新,最后对更新位置后的最优麻雀进行随机游走扰动,提高算法的全局和局部搜索能力,避免算法陷入局部最优。将该算法用于支持向量机的参数优化,构建改进麻雀算法优化支持向量机故障诊断模型实现对轴承故障信号的分类诊断。滚动轴承故障诊断试验分析结果表明,该算法模型故障分类效果明显优于粒子群算法优化支持向量机模型、遗传算法优化支持向量机模型和麻雀算法优化支持向量机模型,能够有效识别滚动轴承各故障类型。     

基于MRMHC-LSVM的IP流分类

提出了一种构建轻量级的IP流分类器的wrapper型特征选择算法MRMHC-LSVM.该算法采用改进的随机变异爬山(MRMHC)搜索策略对特征子集空间进行随机搜索,然后利用提供的数据在无约束优化线性支持向量机(LSVM)上的分类错误率作为特征子集的评价标准来获取最优特征子集.在IP流数据集上进行了大量的实验,实验结果表明基于MRMHC-LSVM的流分类器在不影响分类准确度的情况下能够提高检测速度,与当前典型的流分类器NBK-FCBF相比,基于MRMHC-LSVM的IP流分类器具有更小的计算复杂度与更高的检测率.     

基于BPSO-KNN算法的被动声呐目标分类识别技术研究

以提取得到的被动声呐目标功率谱特征为基础,采用二进制粒子群(Binary Particle Swarm Optimization, BPSO)优化算法和k最近邻(k-Nearest Neighbor, KNN)分类算法相结合的BPSO-KNN算法进行特征选择和参数优化,分别用KNN分类算法和BPSO-KNN分类算法对实际得到的四类海上被动声呐目标进行分类识别。结果表明,BPSO-KNN算法可对提取的功率谱特征进行特征优化选择,并对KNN分类器进行参数优化,提高了对四类目标的分类精度。该算法在被动声呐目标分类识别方面有参考价值。     

核函数参数优化及其在故障分类器中的应用

针对基于支持向量机的故障分类器的参数优化问题,讨论了基于数据分布的支持向量机核函数参数优化的原理,提出了一种简化算法.依据简化算法实现了故障分类器的参数优化,并应用于汽轮发电机组的故障分类.测试结果表明,通过这种参数优化方法可以提高故障分类器的分类能力,并且具有算法简单、优化效率高等优点,但其通用性有待进一步提高.     

基于支持向量机改进算法的船舶类型识别研究

利用船舶目标辐射噪声DEMON谱特征,采用改进的支持向量机算法,实现了对船舶目标的分类识别研究。针对支持向量机算法对噪声比较敏感和最优分类面求解时约束较多不利于支持向量机最优分类面寻优的问题,在保持支持向量稀疏性和应用径向基核函数的条件下,对支持向量机算法在松弛变量和决策函数两方面进行了改进,提出了基于径向基核函数的齐次决策二阶损失函数支持向量机改进算法,并应用于利用船舶目标辐射噪声DEMON谱进行船舶目标类型分类识别实验。理论分析、数据仿真与实验结果表明,该改进算法实现了在二次规划中的较少约束条件下最优分类面求解,具有模型参数寻优空间广阔、总体分类性能优的特点,其分类性能优于原支持向量机算法,是一种适合于船舶辐射噪声DENOM分类识别的有效的支持向量机改进算法。     

基于遗传算法进化的数字图像处理

人脸表情识别是目前数字图像处理领域比较活跃的研究课题。本文提出一种采用遗传算法进化的支持向量机对人脸表情进行分类的新型算法。先提取静态人脸表情特征,然后采用遗传算法自动选择最优的支持向量机核函数,最后采用这种新型分类器进行了人脸表情的分类和识别。在Yale人脸表情库上进行了测试人不参与训练的仿真实验,并与最近邻分类器进行比较,提出的方法取得了更好的识别结果。     

基于Mel频率倒谱系数的光缆声音信号特征提取方法研究

Mel频率倒谱系数(MFCC)能够很好的模拟人耳的听觉特性,在识别系统中具有很广泛的应用.本文采用Mel倒谱系数来提取基于光缆感知的声音信号的特征,通过线性分类器中的支持向量机(SVM)进行仿真,验证了其具有较好的识别效果.     

基于遗传算法优化支持向量机的超声图像缺陷分类

超声图像缺陷在分类时由于存在样本数量少、样本类别多、不易区分等问题,分类的准确率较低。针对这些问题,提出了基于遗传算法优化支持向量机的超声图像缺陷分类方法。该方法首先通过图像处理提取超声图像缺陷的特征数据,然后训练支持向量机作为超声图像缺陷分类器,最后采用遗传算法优化参数求得最优的分类器。实验结果表明,提出的超声图像缺陷分类器在识别率方面优于其他方法的分类器,综合识别率达到了90%,可以有效地辅助工作人员对超声图像缺陷进行分类识别。     

一种适用于超多类手写汉字识别的新改型Adaboost算法

提出一种适用于超多类手写汉字识别的新改型Adaboost算法,采用基于描述性模型的多类分类器（modified quadratic discriminant function,MQDF）作为Adaboost基元分类器,可直接进行多类分类,无需将多类问题转化为多个两类问题处理,其训练复杂度大大低于已有的多类Adaboost算法。算法提出根据广义置信度更新样本权重,实验证明这种算法适用于大规模多类分类问题。为了降低算法的识别复杂度,提出从所有训练后得到的Adaboost基元分类器组中选择一个最优的基元分类器作为最终分类器的方法进行删减。在HCL2000及THOCR—HCD数据集上进行实验证明,所提改型Adaboost算法提高了识别率的有效性,该算法的相对错误率比现有最优算法分别下降了14．3％．8．1％和19．5％．     

一适用于超多类手写汉字识别的新改型Adaboost算法

提出一种适用于超多类手写汉字识别的新改型Adaboost算法,采用基于描述性模型的多类分类器（modified quadratic discriminant function,MQDF）作为Adaboost基元分类器,可直接进行多类分类,无需将多类问题转化为多个两类问题处理,其训练复杂度大大低于已有的多类Adaboost算法。算法提出根据广义置信度更新样本权重,实验证明这种算法适用于大规模多类分类问题。为了降低算法的识别复杂度,提出从所有训练后得到的Adaboost基元分类器组中选择一个最优的基元分类器作为最终分类器的方法进行删减。在HCL2000及THOCR-HCD数据集上进行实验证明,所提改型Adaboost算法提高了识别率的有效性,该算法的相对错误率比现有最优算法分别下降了14.3 %,8.1 %和19.5 %。     

Fractional gravitational search-radial basis neural network for bone marrow white blood cell classification

Automotive image segmentation systems are becoming an important tool in the medical field for disease diagnosis. The white blood cell (WBC) segmentation is crucial, because it plays an important role in the determination of the diseases and helps experts to diagnose the blood disease disorders. The precise segmentation of the WBCs is quite challenging because of the complex contents in the bone marrow smears. In this paper, a novel neural network (NN) classifier is proposed for the classification of the bone marrow WBCs. The proposed NN classifier integrates the fractional gravitation search (FGS) algorithm for updating the weight in the radial basis function mapping for the classification of the WBC based on the cell nucleus feature. The experimentation of the proposed FGS-RBNN classifier is carried on the images collected from the publically available dataset. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated over the existing classifier approaches using the measures accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The results show that the classification using the nucleus features alone can be utilized to achieve the classification with the better accuracy. Moreover, the classification performance of the proposed FGS-RBNN is better than the existing classifiers, and it is proved to be the efficacious classifier with a classification accuracy of 95%.     

Gene selection approach based on improved swarm intelligent optimisation algorithm for tumour classification

A number of different gene selection approaches based on gene expression profiles (GEP) have been developed for tumour classification. A gene selection approach selects the most informative genes from the whole gene space, which is an important process for tumour classification using GEP. This study presents an improved swarm intelligent optimisation algorithm to select genes for maintaining the diversity of the population. The most essential characteristic of the proposed approach is that it can automatically determine the number of the selected genes. On the basis of the gene selection, the authors construct a variety of the tumour classifiers, including the ensemble classifiers. Four gene datasets are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed approach. The experimental results confirm that the proposed classifiers for tumour classification are indeed effective.Inspec keywords: tumours, swarm intelligence, particle swarm optimisation, pattern classification, medical computing, geneticsOther keywords: gene datasets, ensemble classifiers, tumour classifiers, gene space, informative genes, gene expression profiles, tumour classification, swarm intelligent optimisation algorithm, gene selection approach     

Classification of multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) images with sparse representation

There has been a considerable interest in sparse representation and compressive sensing in applied mathematics and signal processing in recent years but with limited success to medical image processing. In this paper we developed a sparse representation-based classification (SRC) algorithm based on L1-norm minimization for classifying chromosomes from multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (M-FISH) images. The algorithm has been tested on a comprehensive M-FISH database that we established, demonstrating improved performance in classification. When compared with other pixel-wise M-FISH image classifiers such as fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithms and adaptive fuzzy c-means (AFCM) clustering algorithms that we proposed earlier the current method gave the lowest classification error. In order to evaluate the performance of different SRC for M-FISH imaging analysis, three different sparse representation methods, namely, Homotopy method, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP), and Least Angle Regression (LARS), were tested and compared. Results from our statistical analysis have shown that Homotopy based method is significantly better than the other two methods. Our work indicates that sparse representations based classifiers with proper models can outperform many existing classifiers for M-FISH classification including those that we proposed before, which can significantly improve the multicolor imaging system for chromosome analysis in cancer and genetic disease diagnosis.     

Real and Altered Fingerprint Classification Based on Various Features andClassifiers

Biometric recognition refers to the identification of individuals through their unique behavioral features (e.g., fingerprint, face, and iris). We need distinguishing characteristics to identify people, such as fingerprints, which are world-renowned as the most reliable method to identify people. The recognition of fingerprints has become a standard procedure in forensics, and different techniques are available for this purpose. Most current techniques lack interest in image enhancement and rely on high-dimensional features to generate classification models. Therefore, we proposed an effective fingerprint classification method for classifying the fingerprint image as authentic or altered since criminals and hackers routinely change their fingerprints to generate fake ones. In order to improve fingerprint classification accuracy, our proposed method used the most effective texture features and classifiers. Discriminant Analysis (DCA) and Gaussian Discriminant Analysis (GDA) are employed as classifiers, along with Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and Segmentation-based Feature Texture Analysis (SFTA) feature vectors as inputs. The performance of the classifiers is determined by assessing a range of feature sets, and the most accurate results are obtained. The proposed method is tested using a Sokoto Coventry Fingerprint Dataset (SOCOFing). The SOCOFing project includes 6,000 fingerprint images collected from 600 African people whose fingerprints were taken ten times. Three distinct degrees of obliteration, central rotation, and z-cut have been performed to obtain synthetically altered replicas of the genuine fingerprints. The proposal achieved massive success with a classification accuracy reaching 99%. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method for fingerprint classification is feasible and effective. The experiments also showed that the proposed SFTA-based GDA method outperformed state-of-art approaches in feature dimension and classification accuracy.     

基于变分模态分解的水下目标噪声特征提取及分类

当信号中存在异常事件引起的间歇现象时,传统的经验模态分解算法常易产生较为严重的模态混叠现象,严重影响目标特征提取的性能。文章在水下被动目标信号特征分析提取中引用变分模态分解算法。该方法能够自适应地对信号频带进行切割,极大程度上避免了传统模态分解算法所产生的模态混叠现象,提高了对目标特征提取的准确性,同时也避免了无效计算。此外,还利用相关性阈值进行模态选择,一定程度上消除干扰模态。在对变分模态分解（Variational Mode Decomposition,VMD）的各阶模态函数进行希尔伯特变换的基础上,提出一种基于变分模态分解和希尔伯特变换（VDM-Hilbert Transformation,VDM-HT）联合处理的特征集进行目标分类。采用四种分类器对3种水下目标噪声信号进行分类。结果表明,VMD-HT算法所提取的特征集相比其他模态分解算法具有更好的分类性能。     

基于在线半监督学习的故障诊断方法研究

针对机械故障诊断中准确、完备的故障训练样本获取困难,而现有分类方法难以有效地发掘大量未标记故障样本中蕴含的有用信息,提出了一种基于在线半监督学习的故障诊断方法.该方法基于Tri-training算法将在线贯序极限学习机从监督学习模式扩展到半监督学习模式,利用少量不精确的标记样本构建初始分类器,并从大量未标记样本中在线扩充标记样本,对分类器进行增量式更新以提高其泛化性能.半监督基准数据试验结果表明,训练样本总数相同但标记样本数与未标记样本数比例不同时,所提算法得到的分类准确率相当且训练时间相差小于1.2倍.以柴油机8种工况的故障模式为对象进行试验验证,结果表明标记故障样本较少时,未标记故障样本的加入可使故障分类准确率提高5％～8％.     

基于线性判别分析的决策融合脑电意识动态分类

脑电信号的识别与分类是脑机接口技术的热点研究问题,单一分类器不能很好利用特征以及分类器的适应性,导致识别的准确率很难进一步提高,基于线性判别分析的分类决策级融合策略,可用于提高脑-机接口系统的分类准确率。首先,通过分离出两种分类器的假性试验特征,从这两种方法中选择更有可能正确决策提高分类准确性;其次为了测量每个决策的不确定性,使用与所对应分类器的最大和第二大相关系数提取特征向量。基于这一思想,提出了一种新的决策选择器,该方法通过整合两种基于线性判别分析的算法选择更有可能是准确的决策,从而达到提高脑电信号分类准确度。实验结果表明,该方法通过与精度相近的算法相结合在运动想象数据分类上获得了较好的分类准确率。