含纳米SiC颗粒的铝基复合材料半固态浆料的表观粘度研究

目的研究纳米颗粒增强铝基复合材料熔体表观粘度的变化规律。方法利用同轴旋转圆筒法试验研究了Si Cp含量变化及熔体温度变化对纳米Si Cp/Al-5Cu和纳米Si Cp/A356两种复合材料表观粘度的影响,并回归分析得出数学模型。结果随着纳米Si Cp的添加量在0～2%(质量分数)范围内增加,复合材料的表观粘度相比于基体合金会迅速增加,添加量达到2%时,复合材料表观粘度最高,并且提升幅度最大。基体合金(添加量为0)与添加量为2%时的纳米Si Cp/Al-5Cu复合材料,在720℃的表观粘度分别为0.46Pa·s和1.73 Pa·s,相比基体合金,复合材料的表观粘度提升了279%。结论随着温度的降低,同一复合材料熔体浆料的表观粘度会迅速上升。基体合金和复合材料处于半固态时的表观粘度差异相比液态时变小。     

无机颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能影响因素研究进展

为了更好地指导无机颗粒增强聚合物基耐磨复合材料的优化设计,全面回顾了复合材料各组分对复合材料耐磨性能的影响。根据复合材料组成,将无机颗粒增强聚合物基复合材料耐磨性能影响因素分成5类:纳米/微米无机颗粒填充量、纳米/微米填充颗粒粒径、不同粒径无机颗粒的级配、无机颗粒与纤维的协同增强和无机颗粒表面处理。从能量角度,即各因素对材料内部结合键的断裂所吸收的外部冲击功和摩擦功的影响,分析了各因素对复合材料耐磨性能的影响。在回顾前两个因素对复合材料耐磨性影响时,发现都存在使材料耐磨性能最佳的最佳颗粒填充量和最佳颗粒粒径。对于微米颗粒(粒径50μm),颗粒填充量比粒径对复合材料耐磨性能影响更大,应尽可能提高颗粒最佳填充量。对于纳米颗粒,颗粒粒径则是影响材料耐磨性能的关键因素,应尽可能降低最佳颗粒粒径。另外,颗粒的表面改性和级配都能通过提高颗粒最佳填充量和综合力学性能来提高复合材料的耐磨性能。无机颗粒与纳米纤维的混杂填充使复合材料同时具备最优的耐磨性能、摩擦系数以及优异的变载荷适应性。     

不同TiB2颗粒粒径的TiB2/Cu复合材料耐电弧侵蚀行为

采用放电等离子烧结法（SPS）制备了不同TiB₂颗粒粒径的3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料,研究了3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料致密度、导电率、硬度和耐电弧侵蚀性能随TiB₂颗粒粒径的变化规律,重点分析了不同TiB₂颗粒粒径的3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料耐电弧侵蚀行为。结果表明:3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料致密度和硬度随TiB₂颗粒粒径的增大而略有降低;TiB₂颗粒粒径越小,TiB₂/Cu复合材料的综合性能越好。随着TiB₂颗粒粒径的增大,3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料耐蚀稳定性降低,3wt% TiB₂/Cu阴极材料的损耗量明显增加;当TiB₂颗粒粒径为10 μm时,3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料的耐电弧侵蚀性能最佳。电弧蚀形貌观察表明:不同TiB₂颗粒粒径的3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料经电弧侵蚀后,3wt% TiB₂/Cu复合材料均由阴极向阳极发生转移;随着TiB₂颗粒粒径的增大,阴极质量损耗逐渐增加,触头表面电弧侵蚀面积增加;而在Cu基体中引入较小的TiB₂颗粒,有利于减弱电接触实验过程中TiB₂/Cu复合材料的喷溅现象。      

多粒径TiB2颗粒增强铜基复合材料的制备与载流摩擦磨损性能

采用粉末冶金工艺分别制备了单一粒径TiB₂颗粒和多粒径TiB₂颗粒增强铜基复合材料,对比研究了非载流和载流条件下多粒径（2 μm+50 μm）TiB₂/Cu复合材料的摩擦磨损行为。微观组织观察表明:不同粒径的TiB₂颗粒在Cu基体中分布均匀。与单一粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料相比,多粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料具有更高的相对密度、硬度和导电率。摩擦磨损实验结果表明:多粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料抗摩擦磨损性能明显高于单一粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料,当2 μm与50 μmTiB₂颗粒配比为1:2时,多粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料的抗摩擦磨损性能最佳。相对于2 μm单一粒径TiB₂/Cu复合材料,电流为0 A时,（2 μm+50 μm）TiB₂/Cu复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率分别降低了17.3%和62.5%;电流为25 A时,（2 μm+50 μm）TiB₂/Cu复合材料的摩擦系数和磨损率分别降低了6%和45.8%,同时载流效率和载流稳定性得到明显提高,磨损表面更加平整。磨损机制分析表明:多粒径TiB₂颗粒合理配比有利于提高复合材料载流质量,同时摩擦过程中大粒径的TiB₂颗粒起到支撑作用,小粒径的TiB₂颗粒弥散强化Cu基体,二者的协同作用使TiB₂/Cu复合材料具有更好的抗载流摩擦磨损性能。      

AlB2对高硅氧纤维/可瓷化酚醛树脂复合材料及其裂解产物力学性能的影响

以AlB₂和SiC颗粒填充酚醛树脂作为基体,高硅氧纤维作为增强体,制备了高硅氧纤维/可瓷化酚醛树脂复合材料。研究了不同添加量的AlB₂颗粒对高硅氧纤维/可瓷化酚醛树脂复合材料常温和1200℃裂解产物性能的影响,并分析了AlB₂颗粒对其裂解产物的增强机制。结果表明:随着AlB₂颗粒的添加,高硅氧纤维/可瓷化酚醛树脂复合材料常温下的弯曲强度逐渐减小,但其1200℃裂解产物的弯曲强度先增大后减小。当AlB₂颗粒与酚醛树脂的质量比为12%时,裂解产物的弯曲强度提高最为显著,相比未添加AlB₂颗粒的复合材料,其裂解产物的弯曲强度提高了16.4%。AlB₂颗粒在1200℃有氧环境中反应生成由B₂O₃ 、Al₂O₃和Al₂₀B₄O₃₆组成的共熔体,填充了树脂基体裂解产生的孔隙,明显减少复合材料裂解产物的结构缺陷,阻止内部材料进一步氧化,提高了裂解产物的力学性能。      

铸态Al-4. 5Cu/TiB2 复合材料组织和性能的研究

提出一种新型的原位反应合成工艺——熔体反应法, 以TiO₂、H₃BO₃、Na₃AlF6 和Al-Cu 合金为原材料, 采用熔体反应法制备了低成本的内生颗粒增强Al-4. 5Cu/TiB₂ 复合材料。TiB₂ 颗粒细小, 平均尺寸为0. 93 Lm, 均匀分布于基体之中, 与基体结合良好。当TiB₂ 的含量为10 vo l% 时, 复合材料的抗拉强度为416. 7M Pa, 屈服强度为316.9M Pa, 延伸率为3. 3%。      

高体积分数B4C/ZL101复合材料力学性能的研究

高体积分数颗粒增强金属基复合材料结合了陶瓷和金属的性能优势,具有轻质、高强、高模量的特点,是一种颇具应用前景的装甲材料,但此方面的报道研究较少。采用压力浸渗法制备了颗粒体积分数为50%、不同粒径的B4C/ZL101复合材料。结果表明,预制件温度为550℃、浸渗熔体温度为750℃时,采用压力浸渗可以得到颗粒分布均匀、致密度高的复合材料,组成相简单;复合材料的力学性能表明,B4C颗粒的粒径越小,复合材料的力学性能越好。当B4C颗粒粒径为3μm时,压缩强度、抗弯强度、布氏硬度分别可达1000MPa、640MPa、285HB。     

纳米TiO2颗粒弱界面增强树脂基复合材料宏观力学行为有限元模拟

基于蒙特卡罗法, 编写了随机分布颗粒增强复合材料的二维代表体积单元生成程序, 建立了纳米颗粒增强树脂基复合材料的有限元模型, 其中采用双线性内聚力模型描述复合材料弱界面的应力与位移关系。通过纳米TiO₂ 颗粒增强环氧树脂基复合材料应力应变行为模拟结果与文献结果对比, 证明了模型的有效性。讨论了弱界面情况下, TiO₂颗粒质量分数与颗粒尺寸对复合材料宏观有效模量的影响, 并对复合材料弱界面渐进损伤过程进行了非线性分析。结果表明: 随着纳米TiO₂颗粒质量分数增加, 复合材料杨氏模量和断裂延伸率均有所增强, 但材料屈服强度有所降低; 相同颗粒质量分数情况下, 随着颗粒尺寸的增大, 颗粒与基体材料之间界面单元总长度减小, 复合材料断裂延伸率有所下降。     

ZrO2增韧Al2O3陶瓷颗粒对增强高铬铸铁基复合材料冲击磨料性能影响

传统的耐磨钢铁材料难以满足现代矿山装备对关键耐磨部件的需求,陶瓷颗粒增强钢铁基耐磨复合材料成为最具良好应用前景的耐磨材料之一。通过预烧结获得不同体积分数及不同颗粒大小的陶瓷预制体,结合铸渗法制备出氧化锆(ZrO₂)增韧氧化铝(Al₂O₃)陶瓷颗粒增强高铬铸铁(HCCI)基复合材料。结果表明：随着ZTA(ZrO₂增韧Al₂O₃)颗粒体积分数(25%～45%)的增加,ZTA颗粒等效直径(1.7,1.2,0.4 mm)减小,复合材料抗冲击磨损性能随之提高,以颗粒体积分数为45%、等效粒径为0.4 mm时最佳。ZTA_p/HCCI复合材料的主要磨损特征是磨损面发生微切削,其主要磨损机制是磨料磨损。     

颗粒粒径对Diamond/Cu-Cr复合材料组织与热物性能的影响

采用压力融渗的方法制备了高金刚石体积分数的Diamond/ Cu-Cr复合材料.研究了金刚石粒径对复合材料热导率的影响,并依据理论模型计算了界面热阻值.实验结果显示,金刚石颗粒平均粒径分别为40μm,100μm,200μm的Diamond/Cu-Cr复合材料的热导率依次增高,与理论模型计算结果一致.其中,颗粒粒径为200μm的Diamond/Cu-Cr复合材料的热导率达到736.15W/mK.当金刚石的颗粒粒径增大时,其比表面积降低,由于金刚石与基体合金接触的表面热阻高,减少金刚石表面积有助于提高复合材料的热导率.但是,当金刚石的颗粒粒径增大到一定程度时,复合材料二次加工的难度增大,表面质量降低,对工业应用造成困难.     

Particulate size effect on the rheology of SiC-glass composites

The rheological behavior of SiC particulate glass composites was investigated in the present study. The nature and extent of flow modifications are addressed with respect to solid content in the suspension, temperature and dispersoid size. A transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian viscous flow and characteristic shear thinning behavior were observed. With progressive strengthening and deviation from Newtonian flow, a significant loss in rate sensitivity occurred. The apparent viscosity of the composites increased with the concentration and size of reinforcements. The increase in viscosity is explained in terms of hydrodynamic/mechanical interactions between particles in the composites.     

超高分子量聚乙烯复合材料的流变行为

聚合填充法制备的UHMWPE/Kaolin复合材料具有特殊的流变行为。一般情况下填料的加入使聚合物熔体粘度,动态模量升高。与此相反,由填充复合法制备的UHWMPE/Kaolin复合材料的表观粘度、复数粘度、动态模量均随Kaolin填充量呈下降趋势,其加工性得到改善。文中对此现象的实验结果进行了报道,并探讨了流变行为与聚合填充法赋予复合材料的独特结构的关系。      

Low-volume-fraction particulate preforms for making metal-matrix composites by liquid metal infiltration

A preform technology for making particulate metal-matrix composites with a low particulate volume fraction (as low as 18%) by liquid metal infiltration is provided. This technology used a non-combustible reinforcement (SiC) as the primary particulate and combustible particles (carbon) as the secondary particulate in the preform. The secondary particulate was removed from the preform by oxidation prior to liquid metal infiltration.     

无机组合粒子/聚丙烯复合材料的制备与协同效应

提出了利用无机组合粒子的协同效应增强增韧聚丙烯的新思路。硅灰石(W)、滑石(T)、重晶石(B)、碳酸钙(C)、石英(Q)与纳米氧化铝(N)等无机粒子经组合、超细并表面处理制得无机组合粒子(CIPs)；CIPs与聚丙烯(PP)混合、挤出并注射成型制备CIPs／PP复合材料标准试件，并按相应国标检测材料性能。结果表明，无机组合粒子填充PP材料的综合性能明显高于相应单一粒子填充的PP材料；纳米氧化铝的添加降低了熔体粘度，改善了填充体系的流变性能，实现了聚丙烯塑料的同时增强增韧。     

Nonuniform transformation field analysis of materials with morphological anisotropy

The effective properties of metal matrix composites with particulate reinforcement are investigated using the nonuniform transformation field analysis (NTFA) developed by Michel and Suquet [30]. In particular the effect of the particle morphology on the effective mechanical response is examined in detail. For that, an existing periodic three-dimensional mesh generation technique for particulate composites is extended to allow for anisotropic morphologies. It is shown that the effects induced by the anisotropic particles can be captured by the NTFA. Additionally, the load partitioning between reinforcement and matrix material is investigated and a good agreement to full-field computations is attained with the NTFA.     

m-HDPE/Kaolin复合材料流变性质研究

对比研究了采用聚合填充法(Polymerization-filling)和熔融共混法(melt compounding)制备的m-HDPE／Kaolin复合材料的流变性质．动态流变实验和毛细管挤出实验的结果表明，聚合填充的HDPE/Kaolin复合体系的熔体动态粘度、复数粘度、表观粘度均低于熔融共混复合体系和纯HDPE的相应值．聚合填充的Kaolin粒子与PE分子链的强相互作用及其良好的分散状态，是改善材料流变行为的原因所在。     

Stiffness of particulate reinforced metal matrix composites with damaged reinforcements

Abstract

During tensile plastic deformation particulate reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) undergo reinforcement damage and a parallel reduction in stiffness. An analytical model is developed to calculate this stiffness reduction using the equivalent inclusion technique proposed by Eshelby. The model considers both damaged and undamaged reinforcement particles as ellipsoidal inclusions but with different stiffness tensors. The effect of the aspect ratio of the reinforcing particles has been accounted for in the model. The model is very flexible and can meet different specific damage situations by designing a suitable stiffness tensor for the damaged reinforcements. Finite element analysis is used to modify a numerical stiffness tensor for cracked reinforcement particles. The model is compared with an earlier model of modulus reduction in MMC materials and with a few experimental measurements made on a 15 vol.-%SiC particulate reinforced aluminium alloy 2618 MMC.     

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of Al-SiCp composites produced by spray forming process

Al- SiC_p composites have been synthesized by spray forming process with variation in particle flow rate, size of reinforcement particles and their volume fraction. The microstructure of composites and their electrical conductivity have been investigated. The results showed a uniform dispersion of large size particulate phase in the matrix of the primary α- phase with its equiaxed grain morphology. However, clustering of small size particles was observed at the grain boundary and grain junctions. The grain size of the composite materials was observed to be lower than that of the base Al- alloy. The composite materials invariably indicated their lower electrical conductivity compared to that of the monolithic Al- alloy. The electrical conductivity of composites decreased with increase in the volume fraction and decrease in size of the reinforcement particles. A high flow rate of particles during spray deposition resulted in a decrease in its conductivity. These results are explained in the light of thermal mismatch between the matrix and the reinforcement phases resulting in generation of high dislocation density. The droplet- particle interaction and resulting microstructure evolution during the spray deposition of the composites are discussed.     

FABRICATION OF SiCp-AI COMPOSITE MATERIALS

Liquid phase fabrication methods for aluminum matrix composites reinforced with SiC whiskers, or SiC particles have been investigated and the mechanical properties of fabricated composites have been evaluated. Three kinds of liquid phase fabrication methods; hot extrusion, hot pressing and pressure infiltration, were studied. Commercial SiC whiskers and SiC powders of alpha type and beta type were used as the reinforcements for an aluminum matrix. Among the fabrication methods investigated, the best results were achieved by the pressure infiltration. The mechanical properties and the wear resistance of the fabricated composites were measured. The SiC whisker reinforced aluminum matrix composites have high strength, so that they can be used as high specific strength materials. The SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites are not strong as the SiC whisker reinforced composites. However, the SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites have a good potential for use as wear resistant material. The hardening effect of beta type particles on the aluminum matrix was larger than that of alpha type particles.     

Fabrication of cast particle-reinforced metals via pressure infiltration

A new casting process for fabrication of particle-reinforced metals is presented whereby a composite of particulate reinforcing phase in metal is first produced by pressure infiltration. This composite is then diluted in additional molten metal to obtain the desired reinforcement volume fraction and metal composition. This process produces a pore-free as-cast particulate metal-matrix composite. This process is demonstrated for fabrication of magnesium-matrix composites containing SiC reinforcements of average diameter 30, 10 and 3 m. It is compared with the compocasting process, which was investigated as well for similar SiC particles in Mg-10 wt % Al, and resulted in unacceptable levels of porosity in the as-cast composite.