遗传算法在双层微穿孔结构优化设计中的应用

影响双层微穿孔结构的参数很多，其声阻抗及吸声系数的计算复杂。以双层微穿孔板的吸声学为优化目标，穿孔率、孔径及空腔深度为优化参数，研究基于遗传算法对双层微穿孔结构进行优化设计。通过计算程序，验证了该算法的可行性和有效性。写以前的算法比较表明，经优化过的双层微穿孔板的吸声效果有明显的提高。     

空腔声质量对双层微穿孔板计算影响的研究

微穿孔板吸声结构的声阻抗由微孔的声阻抗和空腔的声阻抗两部分组成,而空腔的声阻抗涉及双曲余切函数的计算.对该函数采用近似计算只适用于空腔距离比较短,频率比较低的情况.通过对双曲余切函数进行泰勒展开,研究空腔的声质量和声顺,获得双层微穿孔板吸声结构的等效电路图.其中第一空腔的声质量与微孔的声质量是串联的.由此进行双层微穿孔板的计算,提高计算精度,并通过实验进行验证.     

微穿孔板传递矩阵计算方法的改进及实验

传统的声电类比法对双层微穿孔板吸声结构进行计算时,忽略了空腔声质量的影响,对于空腔距离比较短,频率比较低时是适用的,但是当空腔距离比较大或频率比较高时,则存在误差。用传递矩阵法对微穿孔板吸声结构进行分析：解决了空腔声阻抗的近似计算带来的误差;对于微孔部分传递矩阵中的声阻抗计算仍然采用马大猷教授的理论,不需要引入修正参数δx。通过上述工作,进行了微穿孔板吸声结构的吸声系数的计算和相应的实验验证,理论计算结果与实验数据吻合良好。     

双层微穿孔结构扩散场吸声特性

本文在单层微穿孔结构的基础上,考虑到实际应用的声场条件和采用双层结构的要求,导出双层结构在扩用场中的声阻抗及吸声系数计算公式,分析了其在扩散场中的吸声性能,指出不能直接用垂直入射声波条件下的结果来判定某一双层结构在扩散场中吸声性能的优劣。并将理论计算结果和混响室中的测量结果进行比较,结果证明,理论计算可以较准确地预测实际结构的吸声性能。根据理论分析所设计的软件可以方便地进行双层或多层复合微穿孔结构     

微穿孔板-聚氨酯微孔薄膜复合结构吸声特性

当微穿孔板背后空腔的长度受到结构限制,对于低频噪声很难吸收,在微穿孔板后增加一层聚氨酯微孔可渗透薄膜形成复合结构可增加低频吸声特性。设计一种改进的聚氨酯微孔可渗透薄膜流阻测量实验装置,充分考虑材料本身质量的影响,建立微穿孔板-可渗透薄膜复合结构声阻抗电声等效电路,该方法可普遍用于预测此类复合结构吸声特性。理论计算不同可渗透膜材料的面密度、流阻等参数对复合结构垂直入射吸声系数的影响。结果表明：在微穿孔板背后增加一层聚氨酯微孔可渗透薄膜,可以在中低频段获得较好的吸声效果。     

蜂窝微穿孔结构的宽频吸声优化设计与分析EI北大核心CSCD

单层微穿孔板结构有着吸声频带较窄、吸声性能不佳等缺点。为提高单层微穿孔板结构的降噪效果,依据微穿孔板结构的背腔高度改变时,结构的共振频率会发生移动的特点,结合声电类比原理和粒子群优化算法,从理论模型、仿真计算以及试验测试三方面设计分析了一种拥有宽频高吸声性能的单层蜂窝微穿孔结构,并且从结构相对声阻抗率的实部和虚部入手,对利用不等腔深提高结构吸声性能的原理进行了分析。研究结果表明:结构在1140~3000 Hz内的吸声系数均在0.9以上,验证了利用粒子群优化算法设计宽频吸声体的可行性。     

面向工程的微穿孔板吸声结构设计方法

对传统的微穿孔板吸声结构设计方法进行分析,发现其存在近似公式精度不高及相关参数难以确定的问题,这些问题直接导致设计无法进行或得到不符合要求的设计参数。使用泰勒公式将设计过程中的复杂公式近似展开,并对得到的近似公式进行了修正,使其精度得到了提高;对相关公式进行推导,发现微穿孔板吸声结构的半吸收频带宽度与腔深成正比关系,据此,设计时可根据工程中的空间限制条件,首先确定腔深,再计算其他参数,提出了面向工程的微穿孔板吸声结构设计方法。针对某风机噪声,使用面向工程的设计方法设计了微穿孔板结构参数,得到了满足设计要求的吸声系数曲线。工程应用表明,面向工程的微穿孔板吸声结构设计方法更方便,且更准确     

基于声振耦合的曲面微穿孔板吸声特性研究及试验分析EI北大核心CSCD

采用了声电类比法分析曲面微穿孔板(curved micro-perforated panel,CMPP)的吸声特性,并根据瑞丽积分法求解了曲面板的自由振动特性,借助声振耦合原理获取了在考虑板的振动时微穿孔板的吸声特性,并给出了结构参数如穿孔率、孔径、板厚、曲率半径、背腔深度、板的长宽比等对曲面微穿孔板吸声系数的影响。根据理论模型,该研究设计了阻抗管装置并测量了曲面微穿孔板的吸声系数,其中对不同穿孔率下的吸声系数进行了测量。结果显示:随着穿孔率和孔径的增大,由微孔引起的吸收峰值降低,吸声带宽变小;随着板厚的增加,由于板的共振引起的吸声峰向高频移动,由于微孔引起的吸声峰向低频移动,证明了理论模型的准确性。     

微穿孔板结构吸声仿真技术研究

利用微孔建模、多孔介质模型和内置穿孔板模型3种有限元方法,对微穿孔板结构的声阻抗及吸声系数进行分析。研究结果表明:微孔建模方法对于经典微穿孔板理论地完善具有促进作用;多孔介质模型计算的声阻相对较小,吸声峰值估计不足;内置穿孔板模型可以代替微孔建模,简化建模难度,提高计算速度,同时也可以保证可靠的吸声计算结果。     

金属橡胶材料双层结构吸声特性研究

理论研究了金属橡胶材料双层结构吸声特性。根据金属橡胶材料声学特性参数计算式,推导出两种基本双层吸声结构—置于刚性墙和带有空气层吸声结构的声阻抗率和吸声系数计算式。确定了流阻率是决定金属橡胶材料声学特性的基本参数。分析了各层材料厚度、流阻率及空气层厚度对两种吸声结构吸声性能的影响关系,对比分析了双层吸声结构与单层吸声结构的吸声性能。研究结果表明:通过合理设计双层吸声结构,可使其在很宽的频率范围内具有良好的吸声性能。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.