PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用熔融共混的方法将聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂、α-甲基苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(α-MSAN)和丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯接枝共聚物(ABS)共混,通过改变共混物的组成,制备了一系列不同橡胶含量和基体组成的PVC/α-MSAN/ABS共混物,研究了共混物的力学性能及形变机理。结果发现,随着基体树脂中PVC含量的增加,共混物的冲击韧性显著提高,而拉伸强度逐渐降低,同时促使共混物发生脆韧转变所需的橡胶含量逐渐减少。形态结构研究表明,由于基体树脂链缠结密度的增加,共混物的形变机理逐渐由银纹向剪切屈服转变,进而导致体系韧性的增加。     

高相容热塑性聚氨酯/聚(苯乙烯 - 丙烯酸)离聚体体系(Ⅰ)离子键对体系相容性的影响

用Ｎ－甲基二乙醇胺扩链制备的热塑性聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ）和苯乙烯－丙烯酸共聚物（ＰＳＡＡ）进行机械共混，由于共混物中两种带相反电荷的基团（叔胺基和羧基）能形成离子键，提高共混物的相容性。通过ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ、溶胀比、交联度及粘度和组分之间的关系等方法证明了，离子链的引入可以明显改善共混物的相容性，并且ＰＳＡＡ的含量在６０％附近，体系可达高相容结构。     

共聚物组成对PSMA／PSAN共混物相容性的影响

用浊点测定、傅里叶变换红外光谱和微差扫描热分析等方法研究了苯乙烯-顺丁烯二酸酐共聚物(PSMA)与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(PSAN)共混物的相容性。浊点测定的结果表明部分共混物加热产生相分离,呈LCST行为。从相容的共混物的红外光谱观察到丙烯腈—C≡N基团吸收带频率产生位移。研究结果表明当MA和AN含量差别不大时,PSMA/PSAN共混物相容。这是由于在一定的共聚物组成范围内,PSMA/PSAN共混物中存在较弱的特殊相互作用所致。     

高相容热塑性聚氨酯／聚（苯乙烯—丙烯酸）离聚体体系：（ …

用Ｎ－甲基二乙醇胺扩链制备的热塑性聚氨酯（ＴＰＵ）和苯乙烯－丙烯酸共聚物（ＰＳＡＡ）进行机械共混，由于共混物中两种带相反电荷的基因（叔胺基和羧基）能形成离子键，提高共混物的相容性。通过ＤＭＡ、ＳＥＭ、溶胀比、交联度及粘度和组分之间的关系等方法证明了，离子链的引入可以明显改善共混物的相容性，并且ＰＳＡＡ的含量在６０％附近，体系可达高相容结构。     

SG增容PA6/sPS共混体系的形态结构与力学性能

采用一系列不同甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯(GMA)含量的苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯共聚物(SG)增容尼龙6(PA6)/间规聚苯乙烯(sPS)(80/20)共混物,通过扫描电镜及拉伸实验考察了SG共聚物中GMA的含量对共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。形态观察显示,SG共聚物可以有效地降低PA6/sPS共混物中分散相的尺寸,增加两相界面间的粘接力;SG共聚物中GMA的含量对其增容效果有较大影响,质量分数为5%左右时,SG共聚物对PA6/sPS共混物的增容效果最佳。拉伸实验结果表明,PA6/sPS共混物的拉伸强度及模量随着SG共聚物的加入而增加,但其断裂伸长率在较高SG含量时则有所下降。     

分子内链段排斥性相互作用导致的聚合物共混相容体系的研究

在高分子共混物相容性研究中，人们长期持有这样一种观点：为了获得均相的高分子共混物，需要在共混组分间引入特殊相互作用，通过组分之间的相互吸引力克服相分离倾向。相容性理论和实验工作的新进展表明分子间特殊相互作用，并不是唯一的，必要的条件，存在着另一类高分子共混相容体，其中共混组分中至少含有一个或更多的无规共聚物，推动组分形成均相混合物的动力来自共聚物分子内不同单体链段的排斥性相互作用，这一新发现引起了     

PBT/ABS反应增容体系的相形态及动态流变行为

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-丙烯酸乙酯三元共聚物(MGE)为增容剂对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(PBT/ABS)共混体系进行增容。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和旋转流变仪等表征方法,研究了增容剂对PBT/ABS(70/30)共混体系的相形态及动态流变性能的影响。SEM分析结果表明,随着MGE用量的增加,共混体系中分散相的粒径逐渐减小,且分散更均匀。这可能是由于MGE的加入可原位生成PBT-g-MGE共聚物,使共混体系相容性得到显著改善。旋转流变实验结果表明,随着MGE用量的增加,体系黏度不断增加,低频模量随频率的变化趋势逐渐减小,并出现了"第二平台",这同样说明了体系中两相的界面处生成了对体系具有明显增容作用的第三相(PBT-g-MGE共聚物)。     

PMMA/SAN/MBS共混物的结构与性能

通过熔融共混法制备了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚(苯乙烯-丙烯腈)/甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(PMMA/SAN/MBS)共混物。对共混物进行了力学性能测试,结果表明,MBS的加入显著提高了共混物的冲击韧性,PMMA与SAN的配比对其冲击韧性影响不大;采用光电雾度仪和透射电镜(TEM)对共混物的光学性能和结构进行了表征,结果表明,PMMA/SAN/MBS共混物的透光率随MBS含量的增加而降低;PMMA/SAN的质量比为50/50时,MBS含量对共混物透光率的影响最小;TEM结果表明,MBS在基体中分散均匀;用光学显微镜等手段对共混物耐刮擦行为进行了研究,结果表明,MBS的加入在一定程度上降低了共混物的耐刮擦性能。     

聚己内酯/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-聚己二酸丁二醇酯共聚物熔融共混体系的力学性能、结晶及流变行为研究

通过熔融共混制备了生物可降解的聚己内酯(PCL)/聚丁二酸丁二醇酯-聚己二酸丁二醇酯共聚物(PBSA)共混体系,采用万能拉力机、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、旋转流变仪分别研究了共混体系的力学性能、结晶和流变行为。结果表明,PCL/PBSA为不完全相容的体系,共混体系的相形态依赖于共混物的组分比,随着PBSA组分含量的增加,相形态发生变化,存在不相容的相界面,适量的添加PBSA能改善PCL的结晶、流变及力学行为。     

马来酸酐接枝SEBS对尼龙6/SEBS共混物聚集态结构的影响

研究了马来酸酐(MAH)接枝的部分氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)(SEBS-g—MAH)对尼龙6／SEBS的共混物聚集态结构的影响。研究结果表明,SEBS—g—MAH上的MAH侧基和尼龙6的端氨基发生了缩合反应,增加了尼龙6和SEBS的界面相互作用．透射电镜(TEM)的结果表明,当SEBS在尼龙6／SEBS共混物中为分散相时,SEBS-g—MAH使得分散相颗粒尺寸明显减小,两相界面变得模糊．示差扫描量热仪(DSC)的研究结果表明,SEBS-g—MAH的引入对尼龙6／SEBS共混物的熔融峰、结晶峰和结晶度都有明显的影响．因此SEBS-g—MAH与SEBS相比能更有效地与尼龙6相容,在很大程度上改变了尼龙6／SEBS共混体系的聚集态结构。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.