自动铺放成型热塑性复合材料的非等温结晶动力学研究

利用差示扫描量热仪结合Avrami方程研究玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料自动铺放成型过程非等温结晶动力学,推导非等温结晶动力学模型,并通过构建冷压辊下方铺层的冷却模型,将结晶动力学模型和传热模型相结合,设定自动铺放成型过程中的冷却条件,探讨冷却速率及冷却时间对基体材料结晶行为的影响,求解出不同冷却速率下的最大铺放速率。研究结果表明:铺层树脂基体的结晶度随冷却速率的增大而依次减小;随着冷却速率的提高,树脂结晶起始温度和结晶完成温度均向低温方向移动,且树脂相对结晶度随温度变化规律接近反S形曲线;自动铺放成型实验件的压缩强度及层间剪切强度随着铺层结晶度的增大基本呈增大趋势,而冲击强度与铺层结晶度的变化趋势完全相反,随着结晶度的增大,材料韧性越差。     

不同质量PET切片的非等温结晶动力学

用DSC方法研究了三种不同质量聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)切片非等温结晶动力学。结果表明，PET切片都很好遵循Avrami方程和Ziabicki方法描述冷却速率对聚合物结晶形态的影响。PET切片中增加二甘醇(DEG)含量，可降低切片结晶速率，使熔融结晶温度向低温方向移动。结晶速率小，结晶温度低的切片，不一定结晶能力小。     

SiO2对聚氨酯杂化膜微孔结构及性能的影响

用热致相分离法制备了PU/SiO2杂化膜,研究了不同SiO2及其用量对PU/SiO2/溶剂体系微孔膜微孔结构的影响,并测试了膜的水通量.结果表明:具有不同结构的SiO2能够提高溶剂二氧六环的结晶温度,即冷却速率加快,使微孔膜的微孔尺寸细化,同时使微量水的结晶温度也有所不同,水的冻结温度与孔尺寸的大小直接相关.在冷却速率较快的体系中,形成的微孔尺寸较小,因此其水的冻结温度较低;而冷却速率较慢,形成的微孔尺寸较大,因此其水的冻结温度较高.SiO2的结构将影响与PU之间界面成孔的形态不同,SiO2的粒径越小,其与PU膜接触面积加大,增加了膜孔的连通性,使PU膜的水通量增大.     

界面应力对HDPE/CaCO3增韧体系基体结晶动力学影响的研究

采用了一种可表征体系冷却收缩应力对聚合物结晶影响的动力学方法,研究了不同冷却速率条件下HDPE/CaCO3增韧体系的基体结晶动力学行为及其与材料界面相粘结性及CaCO3含量之间的关系.结果表明,在材料缺口冲击强度较高的界面相粘结及组成条件下,体系熔体冷却收缩过程中所引起的界面应力的应变诱导结晶作用引起了基体晶体生长指数n1、生长速率常数k1及其k1随冷却速率a的变化率△k,/△a的显著增大;材料基体结晶动力学参数的影响因素及其变化规律与其材料缺口冲击强度的影响因素及其变化规律之间存在着良好的一致性.     

聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的非等温结晶动力学

为了研究聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的结晶性能,通过熔融共混挤出的方法制备了复合材料,并在差示扫描量热分析(DSC)的基础上通过Jeziomy法和Liu法研究了聚乙烯醇薄膜和聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的非等温结晶动力学行为.结果表明,聚乙烯醇薄膜和聚乙烯醇/纳米氧化锌复合材料的非等温结晶行为强烈地依赖于冷却速率,随着冷却速率的提高,结晶速率常数增大,结晶的不完善程度也增大.在相同的冷却速率下,复合体系的Avrami指数n值和结晶速率常数Z。较大,晶体的完善程度较高.要达到相同的结晶度,复合材料所需的冷却速率要小于聚乙烯醇薄膜,即纳米氧化锌的加入使材料中聚乙烯醇的结晶速率增加,对聚乙烯醇具有异相成核作用.     

界面应力对HDPE/CaCO3增韧体系基体结晶动力学影响的研究

采用了一种可表征体系冷却收缩应力对聚合物结晶影响的动力学,方法研究了不同冷却速率条件下HDPE／CaCO2增韧体系的基体结晶动力学行为及其与材料界面相粘结性及CaCO3含量之间的关系。结果表明,在材料缺口冲击强度较高的界面相粘结及组成条件下,体系熔体冷却收缩过程中所引起的界面应力的应变诱导结晶作用引起了基体晶体生长指数n1、生长速率常数k1及其k1随冷却速率a的变化率Δk1Δa的显著增大;材料基体结晶动力学参数的影响因素及其变化规律与其材料缺口冲击强度的影响因素及其变化规律之间存在着良好的一致性。     

母料中弹性体不同配比对HDPE/E-TMB共混物热性能及结晶形态的影响

用自制增韧母料(E-TM B)与HDPE热机械共混制得HDPE/E-TM B共混物。通过DSC分析仪和偏光显微镜研究了共混物的熔融、结晶行为和结晶形态,并将其结晶形态与简单共混对照样加以对比研究。结果表明,和纯HDPE相比,共混物的熔点降低、结晶温度升高,成核速率和结晶速率增大;随母料中乙丙弹性体含量的增加,共混物的熔点逐渐降低、结晶温度逐渐升高,结晶细化程度增大、数目增多;共混物的结晶比原料HDPE及简单共混对照样都显著细化。     

聚（1，3-己二酸丙二醇酯）功能化羟基多壁碳纳米管的非等温结晶

以羟基多壁碳纳米管、1,3-丙二醇、己二酸为原料,采用原位聚合法合成聚（1,3-己二酸丙二醇酯）功能化羟基多壁碳纳米管。采用差热扫描量热法测定产物的结晶和熔融行为。羟基多壁碳纳米管的添加量和冷却速率对聚（1,3-己二酸丙二醇酯）功能化羟基多壁碳纳米管的非等温结晶行为有一定的影响。在一定范围内,随着羟基多壁碳纳米管含量的增加,产物结晶温度增加。冷却速率增加,产物的结晶温度降低。羟基多壁碳纳米管起到异相成核的作用并促进结晶生长。少量羟基多壁碳纳米管对促进聚合产物结晶更加有效。Jeziorny方法描述聚合产物的非等温结晶行为出现偏离,Avrami-Ozawa方法可以更有效地描述其非等温结晶行为。     

聚己内酯/纳米Si3N4复合材料的非等温结晶研究

采用溶液成膜法制备纳米Si3N4/聚己内酯(PCL)复合材料,并通过DSC、偏光显微镜及透射电镜等研究手段分析了纳米Si3N4颗粒对PCL的非等温结晶行为和微观形态的影响。结果表明:改性后的纳米Si3N4粒子在PCL基质中的分散性好于未改性纳米Si3N4;纳米Si3N4具有明显的成核效应,加快了PCL的前期结晶速率,对由成核控制的聚合物结晶前期阶段具有积极作用,而对晶体的生长则具有限制作用,导致聚合物结晶后期速率缓慢,晶体尺寸变小,结晶度下降;当纳米Si3N4的含量为5%时,聚合物结晶温度出现最大值;加快降温速率与添加纳米粒子对聚合物结晶行为的影响具有相似的效果。     

成核PP注塑样品的非等温结晶行为与熔融特性

用DSC研究了两种成核剂成核PP的非等温结晶行为与熔融特性,致命伤中成核剂均使PP的降温结构温度提高,结晶峰半高宽变窄,结晶度与熔点略有提高,但结晶峰对称性变差,熔融峰半高宽加大,成核样品的结晶温度对冷却速率的依赖性较纯PP的小,根据过冷度和成核PP与纯PP的结晶温度之差,成核剂成核作用大小顺序为：A＞D。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.