余弦约束法则耦合改进RANSAC策略的图像匹配算法

目的提高当前图像匹配算法的匹配精度与鲁棒性。方法引入Forstner算子,精确提取图像特征点;采用一阶Haar小波来生成特征点主方向,并通过求取Haar小波响应来生成特征描述子;利用特征向量构建余弦约束模型,联合特征向量的距离度量方法构成双重匹配约束,从而完成特征点之间的匹配;引入投票机制对RANSAC方法进行改进,制定多重筛选方法对伪匹配点进行剔除,完成图像匹配。结果与目前图像匹配方法相比,文中提出的算法具有更强的鲁棒性与匹配精度,在特征总数为200个时,所提算法的匹配正确数量达到196个。结论所提匹配技术具有较好的匹配正确率,对包装印刷产品的识别以及信息安全检测等领域具有较好的应用价值。     

区域灰度分布耦合相似判定策略的图像匹配算法

目的为了解决当前因图像匹配算法主要依靠提取图像的特征属性矢量进行度量,从而利用其对应的相关系数最大的点进行匹配时导致匹配结果中存在较多的错误匹配点以及匹配误差变大的问题。方法提出区域灰度分布耦合相似判定策略的图像匹配算法,首先利用Forstner算子来提取图像的特征点,以特征点为中心,采取建立极坐标系的方法来确定特征点的主方向,通过特征点邻域的灰度特征来生成低维度的特征描述子;然后引入归一化互相(NCC)函数对特征点之间的相似度进行评估,建立矩形窗口特征点双向匹配规则,完成特征点的匹配,以提高特征点之间的匹配准确度和算法鲁棒性;最后,根据正确匹配特征点组成的三角形具有相似性的特征,设计相似判定策略,对错误匹配点进行剔除,以改善匹配精度。结果实验结果表明,与当前图像匹配技术相比,文中匹配算法具有更高的匹配精度与效率,有效降低了特征点的误匹配率。结论所提图像匹配技术具有较高的配准精度,在图像伪造、包装条码识别等领域具有一定的应用价值。     

基于不变矩特征模型耦合相似度量规则的图像匹配算法

目的为了解决当前图像匹配算法因主要利用特征点之间的距离来实现特征匹配,从而忽略了特征点的结构特征,导致算法存在较多的漏匹配点以及错误匹配点等不足的问题。方法提出基于不变矩特征模型耦合相似度量规则的图像匹配算法。通过对待检测像素点构造的邻域圆上的点进行分类,制定检测规则,对FAST算子进行改进,利用改进的FAST算子快速、精准地检测图像的特征点。随后,构造不变矩特征模型,取代SIFT算法中获取特征向量的方法,生成低维度的特征描述符。通过Euclidean模型和SSIM建立相似度量规则,对特征点之间的相似度进行度量,完成图像的特征匹配。最后,引入随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)算法剔除错误匹配点,完成图像的匹配。结果仿真结果显示,相较于当前的图像匹配算法,所提算法具有更高的匹配正确度和鲁棒性,其查全率最高可达95%左右,且匹配效率较快,约为3.75 s。结论所提匹配方法具备良好的匹配精度,在图像信息安全、包装条码识别与拼接等领域具有一定的参考价值。     

高斯曲率耦合相关性制约规则的图像匹配算法

目的针对当前较多图像匹配算法在匹配过程中因忽略了特征点之间的相关性而导致算法存在匹配正确度和鲁棒性不佳等不足,设计一种高斯曲率模型耦合相关性制约规则的图像匹配算法。方法首先,利用高斯滤波后图像的一阶矩阵和Hessian矩阵来构造高斯曲率模型,对Hessian算子进行改进,以充分检测图像的特征点。然后,通过求取扇形区域内的Haar小波响应获取特征点的主方向,并根据特征点邻域中像素点的灰度平均值计算特征向量,从而形成特征描述子,完成对特征点的描述。利用特征点集的均值与协方差矩阵来构造相关性模型,对特征点的相关度完成度量,从而定义相关性制约规则,对特征点的相似度进行判断,完成特征点的匹配。最后,利用RANSAC算法提纯匹配特征点,完成图像的匹配。结果仿真实验表明,与当前图像匹配算法相比较,文中算法不仅匹配正确度较高,且具有较强的鲁棒性,在旋转角度为50°时,其正确匹配精度仍可达到87%以上。结论所提算法在多种几何攻击下仍具有较高的匹配精度,在图像处理、信息安全等领域具有良好的参考价值。     

基于区域自适应模型耦合向量约束的图像匹配算法

目的 为了解决提高图像匹配算法的匹配精度与鲁棒性。方法 设计基于区域自适应模型耦合向量约束规则的图像匹配算法。首先引入采用上下文信息的显著性分析方法,提取图像的显著区域和非显著区域。根据区域的显著性特征构造区域自适应模型,用以动态调整FAST算法中的灰度阈值,提取图像中的特征点。然后,通过欧氏度量将特征点邻域内的点分为长、短点集;通过长点集生成特征方向,利用短点集生成特征向量,以获取特征点的描述符。最后,对特征点之间的Hamming距离进行度量,实现特征点的匹配。利用匹配特征点组成的向量建立向量约束规则,对匹配特征点进行优化,完成图像匹配。结果 实验结果表明,与当前图像匹配技术相比,所提算法具有更高的鲁棒性与匹配正确度,当目标旋转角度达到100°时,其匹配准确率仍可达到88.95%。结论 所提算法具有良好的适应性,在遇到几何变换时,具有较好的匹配精度,在图像处理、信息安全等领域具有良好的参考价值。     

改进的FAST算子耦合投影约束法则的图像匹配算法

目的针对当前较多图像匹配算法主要通过对特征点的相似性进行度量来优化匹配特征点,忽略了特征点之间的投影相关性,导致算法的鲁棒性下降、匹配错误度较高的问题,文中提出了基于改进FAST算子耦合投影约束法则的图像匹配算法。方法首先,利用FAST算子提取图像特征点,并通过Harris算子去除FAST算子中的伪特征点,充分获取稳定特征点。然后,利用圆域内像素点的高斯曲率值,对特征点进行描述。最后,利用归一化互相关系数(Normailizedcorrelationcoefficient,NCC)对特征点进行匹配。并通过特征点之间的投影关系函数计算特征点的投影值,并根据投影值建立投影约束法则,以去除错误配点,优化匹配精度。结果实验数据显示,与当前图像匹配技术相比,所提算法具有更好地鲁棒性与匹配精度,在多种几何攻击下,所提算法的正确匹配率仍可维持在90%以上。结论所提算法在各类几何变换下仍具有良好的匹配精度,在图像处理、信息安全等领域具有良好的参考价值。     

改进的多尺度Retinex耦合夹角约束的图像匹配算法

目的 解决当前图像匹配算法难以适应缩放等仿射变换图像之间的匹配,导致其鲁棒性以及匹配正确性不佳的问题。方法 提出基于改进多尺度Retinex方法耦合夹角约束法则的图像匹配算法。利用双边滤波代替多尺度Retinex方法中的高斯滤波,对多尺度Retinex方法进行改进,以降低图像中噪声与光晕等因素的影响。随后再引入Harris算法来检测图像的特征,通过求取特征点圆域内的Haar小波响应向量和主方向,并以主方向为起点构建扇区,提取扇区内的灰度特征,以获取相应的特征向量,从而生成特征描述符。通过特征点对应的特征向量构成的夹角,建立夹角约束法则,以完成特征点匹配。最后,利用归一化互相关函数检测错误匹配点,并对匹配效果进行优化。结果 文中算法较当前图像匹配方法,具有更好的匹配正确度以及鲁棒性能,当缩放比例达到50%时,其匹配准确率仍可维持在90.08%左右。结论 文中算法在多种几何攻击下仍具有较高的匹配精度,在图像处理、信息安全等领域具有良好的参考价值。     

加权相位一致性改进的图动态精确配准算法

目的为了解决当前图像配准算法匹配精度较低的问题。方法提出加权相位一致性耦合改进的图变换匹配的精准动态图像配准算法。首先,基于SIFT机制,检测图像中的关键点;并嵌入加权因子,定义相位一致性特征,对关键点完成提纯,消除误配点与稳定性不佳的特征点;随后,设计角度距离,替代相邻特征,改进图变换匹配技术,形成精准匹配关系集;再利用初始匹配特征点与精准匹配特征点间的映射关系,对其完成修正;最后,利用改进的图变换匹配算法处理修正后的匹配关系,进一步提高匹配精度。结果仿真结果显示,与当前图像配准技术相比,改进的算法拥有更强的鲁棒性与更高的匹配精度。结论改进的算法能够提高图像在几何变换程度较大时的匹配精度。     

相似度距离耦合角度径向变换的图像配准算法

目的为了解决当前图像配准算法因利用l1距离或l2距离相似度测量手段来完成图像特征点匹配,使其忽略了相位信息,难以有效消除高斯噪声的影响,使其配准精度与效率不佳不足的问题。方法提出最优相似度距离耦合角度径向变换的抗噪图像配准算法。首先引入角度径向变换,以降低算法复杂度,快速提取图像的特征点。然后联合图像的幅度和相位信息,基于欧式距离测度,定义最优相似度距离测量模型,通过求解其全局最小值,对特征点完成匹配,提高算法的抗噪性能。最后将图像分割为内点与外点,择取6个内点,通过计算其变换矩的几何配准误差,改进随机样本一致策略,对匹配进行提纯,消除误配。结果仿真实验结果显示,与当前基于l1距离或l2距离相似度测量的图像配准技术相比,该算法具有更强的抗高斯噪声性能和更高的匹配精度,且算法时耗最短。结论所提算法能够精确完成图像特征配准。     

基于颜色矩的改进尺度不变特征变换的移动机器人定位算法

针对基于图像外观的移动机器人定位中图像特征提取与匹配实时性和准确性差的问题,提出基于颜色矩的改进尺度不变特征变换分级图像匹配算法。该算法先由颜色矩来排序图像序列,再由改进尺度不变特征变换特征与排序后图像序列精确匹配实现定位。其中,改进的尺度不变特征变换算法以基于采样的迭代搜索算法检测极值点,由Sobel算子计算特征点的梯度方向和幅值,提高尺度不变特征变换算法速度及匹配精度。实验结果表明:改进的尺度不变特征变换算法降低误匹配率约9.2%,特征提取与匹配耗时减少约25.8%;分级图像匹配算法减少尺度不变特征变换特征计算代价约70%,减少总体耗时约43.3%。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.