球形孔泡沫铝合金三明治梁的三点弯曲变形

研究了球形孔泡沫铝合金的单轴压缩性能,得到了抗压强度与相对密度的关系;与多边形孔泡沫铝合金和泡沫纯铝作了对比,发现球形孔使力学性能有了较大的提高.根据球形孔泡沫铝合金三明治梁三点弯曲的载荷(P)位移(δ)曲线研究了四种常见破坏模式并建立了破坏模式图.用极限载荷公式得到的计算值与极限载荷的实验值吻合良好.球形孔泡沫铝合金力学性能高于多边形孔泡沫铝合金及泡沫纯铝,因而其三明治梁的力学性能最好.     

泡沫铝-空心玻璃微珠/环氧泡沫复合材料压缩及弯曲力学性能

制备了泡沫铝、泡沫铝-环氧树脂及含有不同体积分数空心玻璃微珠(HGM)的三种泡沫铝-HGM/环氧泡沫互穿相复合材料(IPC)。通过一系列准静态压缩实验, 观察了其变形形貌, 研究了其弹性模量、屈服极限、比强度及比刚度等力学性能与HGM体积分数的关系。通过三点弯曲实验, 研究了IPC的弯曲极限载荷、弯曲弹性模量等性能, 分析了其断口形貌与材料结构的关系。实验结果表明: 四种IPC的力学性能均较纯泡沫铝有大幅度的提高, 其中, 泡沫铝-环氧树脂的压缩和弯曲力学性能最好。随着复合材料中HGM体积分数增加, IPC力学性能逐渐缓慢降低。     

高比强高孔隙率泡沫铝合金三明治梁

研究了高比强泡沫铝合金和泡沫纯铝的单向压缩和剪切性能,对以高比强泡沫铝合金为夹芯的三明治梁失效模式的尺寸范围和承载能力进行了理论计算,结果与实验结果符合得很好.给出了泡沫铝合金三明治梁的设计方法,表明在较小的设计载荷下,三明治梁是以刚度作为设计的控制条件;在较大的设计载荷下,以相对强度为设计的控制条件.泡沫铝合金三明治梁与泡沫纯铝三明治梁的对比表明,在刚度设计控制条件下,前者的刚度是后者的1.00～1.185倍.在强度设计控制条件下,剪切破坏和压凹破坏失效模式下的泡沫铝合金三明治梁比泡沫纯铝三明治梁的极限强度分别提高57%～180%和90%～220%.     

泡沫铝-空心玻璃微珠/环氧泡沫复合材料压缩及弯曲力学性能

制备了泡沫铝、泡沫铝-环氧树脂及含有不同体积分数空心玻璃微珠(HGM)的三种泡沫铝-HGM/环氧泡沫互穿相复合材料(IPC).通过一系列准静态压缩实验,观察了其变形形貌,研究了其弹性模量、屈服极限、比强度及比刚度等力学性能与HGM体积分数的关系.通过三点弯曲实验,研究了IPC的弯曲极限载荷、弯曲弹性模量等性能,分析了其断口形貌与材料结构的关系.实验结果表明:四种IPC的力学性能均较纯泡沫铝有大幅度的提高,其中,泡沫铝-环氧树脂的压缩和弯曲力学性能最好.随着复合材料中HGM体积分数增加,IPC力学性能逐渐缓慢降低.     

缝纫泡沫夹层结构弯曲性能研究

本文对缝纫泡沫夹层复合材料进行了理论分析和三点弯曲实验研究.讨论了缝纫夹芯剪切模量的计算方法和计算公式.实验表明缝纫提高了泡沫夹层板三点弯曲破坏载荷.针对实验结果研究了材料性能和试件几何的关系,给出了缝纫泡沫夹层板破坏模式的判别公式并基于经典夹层梁理论建立了初始破坏载荷预估方法,预估值和实验值符合较好.     

软夹芯夹层梁最大弯曲正应力的计算

最大弯曲正应力是衡量夹层梁弯曲性能的重要参数之一,本文推导出了将软夹芯夹层梁等效成等截面均质单层梁计算最大弯曲正应力的方法,并在此基础上进行三点弯曲试验的算例研究。结果表明:修正单层梁理论与层合梁理论计算的结果是一致的。当破坏载荷与夹层梁横截面的尺寸一定时,随着芯层与总厚度比的增加,修正单层梁理论计算的最大正应力值逐渐增加,而单层梁理论计算的结果为一恒定值。最大弯曲正应力修正公式的建立为夹层梁的工程应用提供理论基础。     

基于修正单层梁理论的夹层梁最大弯曲正应力计算

目的计算夹层梁横截面的最大弯曲正应力。方法将夹层梁等效成等截面均质单层梁,进而推导出了理论计算公式,并在此基础上进行了三点弯曲试验的算例研究。结果当破坏载荷与夹层梁横截面的尺寸一定时,随着芯层与总厚度比的增加,修正单层梁理论计算的最大正应力值逐渐增加,而单层梁理论计算的结果为恒定值。对于同样结构的夹层梁,随着芯层弹性模量与表层模量比的增加,修正单层梁理论计算的最大正应力与单层梁理论的差异值越来越小。结论修正单层梁理论与层合梁理论计算的结果是一致的,该方法可有效进行最大弯曲正应力的预测与计算。     

泡沫铝环氧树脂互穿相复合材料压缩力学性能

通过一系列准静态压缩实验研究了纯泡沫铝、 纯环氧树脂及三种不同体积分数的空心玻璃微珠(HGB)泡沫铝-环氧树脂互穿相复合材料(IPC)等五种材料压缩的变形过程和破坏形貌, 分析了其破坏机制, 并对三种IPC进行了应力松弛实验。通过绘制应力-应变曲线, 分析了其变化规律, 得出了有效弹性模量、 屈服极限等力学性能及能量吸收特性。结果表明: 三种IPC的有效弹性模量、 屈服极限及比强度、 比刚度均较纯泡沫铝有较大的提高, 泡沫铝-环氧树脂的单位体积吸能率最大, 且吸能率随空心玻璃微珠体积分数的增加而减小。泡沫铝-环氧树脂IPC有效弹性模量的预测结果与实验值较为符合。应力松弛率随空心玻璃微珠体积分数增加而增大。     

折线型截面复合材料层合梁弯曲性能预测与分析

基于各向异性复合材料层合板弹性理论,研究空间折线型复合材料层合梁弯曲性能计算方法。首先推导了考虑铺层设计的翼缘板和腹板在局部坐标系下的刚度矩阵和本构关系,然后通过平行移轴原理建立折线型复合材料层合梁的整体抗弯刚度理论计算公式,在此基础上求出结构在竖向荷载作用下的挠度值。有限元与理论值对比表明本文的理论计算公式有较好的精度。此外,还分析了翼缘与腹板水平夹角及纤维纵横向铺层比对层合梁挠度的影响。结果表明:结构的挠度随夹角的增大而减小,且夹角越大理论值与有限元值越接近,而纤维纵横向铺层比的变化对结构挠度影响几乎可以忽略。该弯曲预测方法可用于计算Z型、槽型、工字型等空间折线型截面复合材料层合梁刚度和位移。     

泡沫铝夹层结构复合材料低速冲击性能

以泡沫铝为夹芯材料,玄武岩纤维(BF)和超高分子量聚乙烯纤维(UHMWPE)复合材料为面板,制备夹层结构复合材料。研究纤维类型、铺层结构和芯材厚度对泡沫铝夹层结构复合材料冲击性能和损伤模式的影响规律,并与铝蜂窝夹层结构复合材料性能进行对比分析。结果表明:BF/泡沫铝夹层结构比UHMWPE/泡沫铝夹层结构具有更大的冲击破坏载荷,但冲击位移和吸收能量较小。BF和UHMWPE两种纤维的分层混杂设计比叠加混杂具有更高的冲击破坏载荷和吸收能量。随着泡沫铝厚度的增加,夹层结构复合材料的冲击破坏载荷降低,破坏吸收能量增大。泡沫铝夹层结构比铝蜂窝夹层结构具有更高的冲击破坏载荷,但冲击破坏吸收能量较小;泡沫铝芯材以冲击部位的碎裂为主要失效形式,铝蜂窝芯材整体压缩破坏明显。     

Three-point bending of sandwich beams with aluminum foam-filled corrugated cores

Sandwich panels having metallic corrugated cores had distinctly different attributes from those having metal foam cores, the former with high specific stiffness/strength and the latter with superior specific energy absorption capacity. To explore the attribute diversity, all-metallic hybrid-cored sandwich constructions with aluminum foam blocks inserted into the interstices of steel corrugated plates were fabricated and tested under three-point bending. Analytical predictions of the bending stiffness, initial failure load, peak load, and failure modes were obtained and compared with those measured. Good agreement between analysis and experiment was achieved. Failure maps were also constructed to reveal the mechanisms of initial failure. Foam insertions altered not only the failure mode of the corrugated sandwich but also increased dramatically its bending resistance. All-metallic sandwich constructions with foam-filled corrugated cores hold great potential as novel lightweight structural materials for a wide range of structural and crushing/impulsive loading applications.     

Glulam beams reinforced with FRP externally-bonded: theoretical and experimental evaluation

The glued- laminated lumber (glulam) technique is an efficient process for the rational use of wood. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRPs) associated with glulam beams provide significant improvements in strength and stiffness and alter the failure mode of these structural elements. In this context, this paper presents guidance for glulam beam production, an experimental analysis of glulam beams made of Pinus caribea var. hondurensis species without and with externally-bonded FRP and theoretical models to evaluate reinforced glulam beams (bending strength and stiffness). Concerning the bending strength of the beams, this paper aims only to analyze the limit state of ultimate strength in compression and tension. A specific disposal was used in order to avoid lateral buckling, once the tested beams have a higher ratio height-to-width. The results indicate the need of production control so as to guarantee a higher efficiency of the glulam beams. The FRP introduced in the tensile section of glulam beams resulted in improvements on their bending strength and stiffness due to the reinforcement thickness increase. During the beams testing, two failure stages were observed. The first was a tensile failure on the sheet positioned under the reinforcement layer, while the second occurred as a result of a preliminary compression yielding on the upper side of the lumber, followed by both a shear failure on the fiber-lumber interface and a tensile failure in wood. The model shows a good correlation between the experimental and estimated results.     

Local effects across core junctions in sandwich panels

Sandwich beams and panels with symmetric faces and cores of varying stiffness are investigated. The paper presents a theoretical and experimental study of the local effects that occur in the vicinity of intersections between cores of different stiffness in such sandwich panels. These local effects manifest themselves by a significant rise of the bending stresses in the faces in the vicinity of the core junctions. Closed-form estimates of the stress/strain fields induced by local effects are presented for sandwich beams and panels loaded in cylindrical bending. The accuracy of the derived closed-form estimates is verified experimentally for the case of a sandwich beam in three-point bending.     

齿板-玻璃纤维混合夹层结构弯曲性能试验

提出了一种齿板-玻璃纤维混合面板和泡沫芯材组成的新型混合夹层结构,齿板通过齿钉与泡沫芯材相连。该结构采用真空导入成型工艺制备,通过三点弯曲试验研究该结构在不同跨度以及不同芯材密度情况下的破坏模式和弯曲性能,并与普通泡沫夹层结构进行对比分析,同时探究了齿板对该结构界面性能的影响。结果表明:在泡沫芯材密度为35kg/m~3、80kg/m~3和150kg/m~3情况下,齿板-玻璃纤维混合泡沫夹层梁弯曲承载能力与普通泡沫夹层梁相比分别提高了168%、211%和258%,其界面剪切强度依次为0.09 MPa、0.21 MPa和0.45 MPa;随着芯材密度和跨度的变化,该结构主要产生芯材剪切和芯材凹陷两种破坏形态,齿板的嵌入有效抑制界面的剪切失效。另外,利用理论公式估算了试件受弯极限承载能力,理论值与实测值吻合较好。     

The structural response of clamped sandwich beams subjected to impact loading

The structural response of dynamically loaded monolithic and sandwich beams made of aluminum skins with different cores is determined by loading the end-clamped beams at mid-span with metal foam projectiles. The sandwich beams comprise aluminum honeycomb cores and closed-cell aluminum foam cores. Laser displacement transducer was used to measure the permanent transverse deflection of the back face mid-point of the beams. The resistance to shock loading is evaluated by the permanent deflection at the mid-span of the beams for a fixed magnitude of applied impulse and mass of beam. It is found that sandwich beams with two kind cores under impact loading can fail in different modes. Experimental results show the sandwich beams with aluminum honeycomb cores present mainly large global deformation, while the foam core sandwich beams tend to local deformation and failure, but all the sandwich beams had a higher shock resistance, then the monolithic beam. For each type of beams, the dependence of transverse deflection upon the magnitude of the applied impulse is measured. Moreover, the effects of face thickness and core thickness on the failure and deformation modes were discussed. Results indicated that the structural response of sandwich beams is sensitive to applied impulse and structural configuration. The experimental results are of worth to optimum design of cellular metallic sandwich structures.     

Co-cure bonding method for foam core composite sandwich manufacturing

The conventional manufacturing of composite sandwich structures is completed by adhesive joining separately prepared composite faces to cores. The joining process during sandwich fabrication is most difficult process, which requires strict quality control. The joining process can be eliminated when the sandwich structures are manufactured by co-cure method inside a mold using the large coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of foam cores.

In this work, the foam core composite sandwich beams were manufactured inside a mold using the pressure generated due to the difference of CTEs between the mold and the foam. Considering the non-linear thermal expansion properties of foam during co-cure manufacturing, the pressure generated inside the mold was analyzed and calculated. In addition, the calculated pre-compression strain was given to the foam core sandwich beams for enough consolidation of the composite faces.     

钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁受弯力学性能试验与计算

活性粉末混凝土（RPC）与普通混凝土（OC）相比，具有超高的强度、高韧性和优异的耐久性，其构件承载力与刚度计算方法必然不同于普通混凝土构件。该文对4根钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁开展受弯性能足尺试验，获得了梁的开裂弯矩、极限弯矩及荷载-跨中位移曲线，揭示了RPC简支梁受弯变形特征与破坏模式，推导了钢筋RPC简支梁的开裂弯矩与正截面受弯承载力计算公式。结果表明:钢纤维RPC极限压应变为4394 με~5200 με，开裂应变为690 με~820 με，均远大于普通混凝土；由于添加了钢纤维，公式推导时必须考虑RPC拉区拉应力的影响，推导所得开裂弯矩、正截面受弯承载力及刚度公式计算值与试验值吻合较好，计算公式具有较高的精度，可用于钢筋RPC梁的设计计算。     

Effect of core thickness on wave number and damping properties in sandwich composites

Due to their higher strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios compared to metals, fiber reinforced composite materials are a great alternative for use in many structural applications. However these properties lead to poor acoustic performance as composite materials are excellent noise radiators. This is particularly true for sandwich composite structures. Therefore the focus of this study is to investigate the effect of a core thickness change on the vibrational properties of Rohacell foam/carbon-fiber face sheet sandwich composite beams. Four different foam core thicknesses were explored, using a combination of experimental and analytical methods to characterize sound and vibrational properties of the sandwich beams. First, the wave number responses of the beams were obtained, from which coincidence frequencies were identified. Second, from the frequency response functions the structural damping loss factor, η, was determined using the half-power bandwidth method. Experimental and analytical results show that the relationship between core thickness and coincidence frequency is non-linear. A drastic increase in coincidence frequency was observed for the sandwich beam with the thinnest core thickness due to the low bending stiffness. Moreover this low bending stiffness results in low damping values, and consequently high wave number amplitude responses at low frequency ranges (<1000 Hz).