两步还原法制备MLCC电极用超细铜粉

为了制备MLCC电极用超细铜粉,克服CuSO4直接水合肼还原法制备的铜粉存在粒度分布不均匀、振实密度小的问题,提出了两步液相还原新工艺,即以CuSO4溶液为原料,首先采用NaOH沉淀-葡萄糖预还原制备Cu2O,然后用水合肼还原Cu2O制备超细铜粉.针对实现铜晶体的成核与长大过程的分离,研究了水合肼加入方式对铜粉性能的影响,发现较慢的水合肼滴加速度和将水合肼还原Cu2O阶段分为升温均匀成核与水合肼连续滴加长大两个过程有利于得到粒度均匀的铜粉.在最佳试验条件下制得的铜粉呈类球形,粒度分布均匀,分散性好,平均粒径为1.8μm,振实密度达4.2g/ml.     

以氢氧化铜为前躯体制备单分散球形氧化亚铜粉末

在不加任何添加剂和高反应物浓度的条件下,于碱性体系中以Cu(OH)2为前躯体,用葡萄糖还原制备了粒径为0.9-2.0μm的单分散球形氧化亚铜粉末。考察了反应温度和反应物(NaOH、葡萄糖、CuSO4)浓度等因素对Cu2O粉末形貌和粒径的影响。利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射分析对Cu2O粉末进行了表征。并根据晶体成核生长理论初步讨论了上述条件对Cu2O粉末形貌和粒径的影响。     

葡萄糖预还原-水合肼液相法制备纳米铜粉

通过单因素条件试验,找出了用葡萄糖预还原-水合肼液相还原法制备纳米铜粉的条件,再通过正交法得到最佳还原条件。试验表明：还原法得到的铜粉纯度高,结构成分更好控制,原料成本低廉,制备出的产品粒度分布窄且粒径小,还原彻底,不易产生CuO和Cu2O等杂质。     

超细球形铜粉的制备工艺研究

以水合肼为还原剂,采用液相化学法对超细铜粉的制备工艺进行了研究。结果表明,直接还原Cu2O获得的铜粉粒度分布很不均匀,抗氧化性能差。在添加微量亚铁氰化钾和2,2’-联吡啶后,铜粉的形貌、粒度分布以及抗氧化性能得到很大改善。经两步还原硫酸铜可制备平均粒度0.5μm以下且分布范围窄的近球形铜粉,热分析表明,该粉末在空气中120℃以下无氧化。     

直流等离子体法制备Cu纳米粉

本实验利用直流等离子体法制备了Cu纳米粉末,并系统研究了工艺参数对Cu纳米粉末粒子产率、粒径和粒径分布规律的影响。正交实验、扫描电子显微镜、产率及粒径分析结果表明:Cu纳米粉末粒子最佳制备工艺参数为电流(380±5) A、制粉室内N₂气体比例为(15±2)%、风机转速为2 400～2 500 r/min。在此工艺条件下获得的Cu纳米粉末粒子呈球形,Cu纳米粉末粒子粒径分布均匀,分布范围较窄,粒径约为100 nm。随着N₂气体比例增加,电流强度增大,Cu纳米粉末产率提高,但同时会导致Cu纳米粉末粒子平均直径增大、粒径分布变宽。然而,随着轴流风机转速的提高,Cu纳米粉末产率提高,并且Cu纳米粉末粒子平均直径减小、粒径分布变窄,这与较快的转速引起Cu棒表面原子蒸气浓度下降有关。     

添加剂对制备MLCC电极用超细铜粉形貌的影响

采用葡萄糖预还原,后阶段以水合肼作为还原剂,在液相中还原CuSO4的方法制备超细铜粉。研究了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、NH4Cl、NaOH对超细铜粉粒度和形貌的影响。结果表明,制得的铜粉形貌呈球形,粒径均匀可控,分散性好。加入适量的PVP有助于超细铜粉粒径均匀和形貌规范;NH4Cl可使铜粉的粒径变小,当Cu与NH4Cl的摩尔比为1∶1时铜粉的形貌会由类球形向正方体转变;微量的NaOH能有效消除超细铜粉表面的棱峰,使铜粉的表面更圆滑,同时也可以使铜粉粒径变小。     

不同还原剂对银粒子生长形貌的影响

目的探究不同还原剂在纳米银粒子合成过程中对其粒径、尺寸分布和形貌的影响。方法以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,选择葡萄糖、抗坏血酸、柠檬酸钠、乙二醇作对照,通过化学还原的方法,并将反应温度控制在60℃来制备纳米银粒子。通过马尔文激光粒度仪、X-射线衍射光谱(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见光谱(UV-vis)等对所制备银粒子进行表征。结果采用葡萄糖为还原剂时,制备出了粒径较小(平均粒径为51 nm)且分布均匀的球形纳米银;将抗坏血酸作为还原剂时,出现了晶体颗粒聚集而成的球状团聚体,平均粒径为67 nm;柠檬酸纳还原出的纳米银粒子集中分布在15 nm左右以及100nm左右,平均粒径为57nm;乙二醇在相同条件下还原出了球形、棒状、三角片等形状的纳米银粒子,平均粒径为107 nm。结论采用葡萄糖作为还原剂,更容易制备出球形、粒径小且分散均匀的纳米银粒子。     

高比表面积AlN粉末的制备

以硝酸铝和蔗糖为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳铝干凝胶,通过碳热还原反应制备了高比表面积的AlN粉末,探讨了反应温度,硝酸镍的添加量对合成AlN粉末的影响.用XRD,SEM和低温N2物理吸附等手段表征发现,制备的AlN球形粒子粒径均一,约40～50nm左右,具有规则形貌,高比表面积和狭窄的孔径分布;镍盐的掺杂可以显著提升生成AlN的速率,使AlN球形粒子形貌发生很大的改变,其粒子变得粗大,甚至发生了部分团聚.     

化学还原法制备超细铜粉工艺及机理研究

为了提高超细铜粉分散性、均匀性及抗氧化性,采用几种化学还原法工艺分别制备了铜粉,通过反应现象探讨了温度、还原剂、添加剂及葡萄糖预还原对铜粉性能的影响,利用SEM、粒度仪对铜粉形貌、粒径进行观察,并进行相关机理分析,确定了化学还原法制备超细铜粉的最佳工艺,结果表明,在温度为70℃时,添加分散剂PVP和抗氧化剂BTA,以甲醛-水合肼为复合还原剂,结合葡萄糖预还原法制备的铜粉具有抗氧化性强、粒径分布区间窄、几乎无团聚等优点。此工艺不仅体现了葡萄糖预还原的有利影响,还明显克服了单一还原剂的缺陷,所制铜粉质量好,具有良好的应用前景。     

熔盐法由BaO_2·H_2O_2合成BaTiO_3纳米粒子及其表征

将BaCl2.2H2O和H2O2溶液在NH3.H2O中反应制备出前驱体BaO2.H2O2,再用H2TiO3和前驱体BaO2.H2O2作反应物、KNO3和KOH作溶剂,用熔盐法合成了钛酸钡纳米粒子,用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS和FT-IR对产品的结构、形貌和成份进行了表征。结果表明,在500～600℃煅烧24h可获得粒径约为25～50nm的立方相钛酸钡纳米粒子,粒子大小分布均匀,形状近似为球形。随着反应温度升高,BaTiO3纳米粒子的晶胞参数减少、粒径增大。另外,还讨论了BaTiO3纳米粒子的形成机理。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.