基于YCoCg-R颜色空间与离散余弦变换的自适应彩色图像水印算法

目的为了解决当前彩色图像水印技术的水印容量和不可感知性不佳等问题,设计基于YC_oC_g-R颜色空间和离散余弦变换的自适应图像水印算法。方法首先,将载体图像从RGB空间转换到YC_oC_g-R空间,计算Y,C_o,C_g这3个颜色分量;随后,引入离散余弦变换DCT对Y分量进行处理,获取相应的DCT系数;引入模糊聚类分析,将DCT低频系数视为局部特征,利用SVM机制对DCT低频系数进行训练分类,确定出适合嵌入水印的DCT系数;设计水印嵌入机制,将水印数据隐藏到合适的DCT低频系数中;借助可逆DCT方法,将Y分量从频域变换到空域;联合初始的C_o与C_g分量,将其变换到RGB空间,输出水印图像;最后,通过相应的水印提取方法,复原初始水印信息。结果测试数据表明,与当前水印方法相比,所提技术具有更高的不可感知性与水印容量,其水印图像的PSNR值为43.67 dB,且其允许的水印容量可超过1 bits,在多种攻击下,复原水印的质量更高,相关系数NC均超过了0.92。结论所提技术能够较好地将水印信息隐藏在载体图像中,具有较高的鲁棒性和安全性。     

基于视觉内容分析和遗传算法优化的鲁棒图像水印算法

目的为了兼顾水印图像的不可感知性与鲁棒性,利用DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)变换域,设计载体视觉内容分析耦合遗传算法优化的鲁棒图像水印技术。方法首先,将载体图像分割为一系列的非重叠子块,并引入奇异值分解机制,定义视觉内容分析方法,获取每个子块的活性因子,活性因子值较大的子块为水印嵌入位置;利用DCT机制处理活性因子值较大的子块得到相应的直流系数;联合结构相似度SSIM、峰值信噪比PSNR以及归一化相关系数NC,并基于权重因子设计适应度函数,通过执行遗传算法寻找最优的嵌入强度;根据优化的嵌入强度构建水印嵌入方法,将二值水印隐藏到这些直流系数中,通过逆DCT变换输出水印图像;设计水印检测方法,从水印图像中提取二值水印。结果实验数据显示,与当前基于变换域的水印技术相比,所提算法具有更高的视觉不可感知性与抗几何攻击能力,面对多种几何攻击,所提算法的PSNR与NC值分别保持在45 dB,0.96以上。结论所提算法能够较好地将水印信息隐藏在载体中,具有较高的视觉不可感知性与抗几何攻击能力,在版权保护、信息防伪等领域具有较好的参考价值。     

An Image Steganography Algorithm Based on Quantization Index Modulation Resisting Scaling Attacks and Statistical Detection

In view of the fact that the current adaptive steganography algorithms are difficult to resist scaling attacks and that a method resisting scaling attack is only for the nearest neighbor interpolation method, this paper proposes an image steganography algorithm based on quantization index modulation resisting both scaling attacks and statistical detection. For the spatial image, this paper uses the watermarking algorithm based on quantization index modulation to extract the embedded domain. Then construct the embedding distortion function of the new embedded domain based on S-UNIWARD steganography, and use the minimum distortion coding to realize the embedding of the secret messages. Finally, according to the embedding modification amplitude of secret messages in the new embedded domain, the quantization index modulation algorithm is applied to realize the final embedding of secret messages in the original embedded domain. The experimental results show that the algorithm proposed is robust to the three common interpolation attacks including the nearest neighbor interpolation, the bilinear interpolation and the bicubic interpolation. And the average correct extraction rate of embedded messages increases from 50% to over 93% after 0.5 times-fold scaling attack using the bicubic interpolation method, compared with the classical steganography algorithm S-UNIWARD. Also the algorithm proposed has higher detection resistance than the original watermarking algorithm based on quantization index modulation.     

离散余弦小波包变换及语音信号压缩感知

针对语音信号压缩感知问题,在研究语音离散余弦变换(Discrete Cosine Transform,DCT)系数和小波包变换(Wavelet Packet Transform,WPT)特性的基础上构造了离散余弦小波包变换(Discrete Cosine Wavelet Packet Transform,DCWPT)。DCWPT首先获取语音信号的DCT域系数,结合语音频谱特性选取部分DCT系数进行WPT变换,从而得到比DCT系数更加稀疏的DCWPT系数。为将此变换直接用于压缩感知,构造了DCWPT的正交稀疏分解矩阵并分析了其稀疏表示性能。结合稀疏表示基优化了正交匹配追踪重构算法,提出了基于DCWPT的语音信号压缩感知框架。通过压缩重构对照实验,采用主客观评价指标,得出该方法优于传统基于DCT的语音压缩感知方法的结论。     

基于形态学膨胀和差分缩减的DCT域嵌入式图像压缩算法

提出了一种基于形态学膨胀操作和差分缩减的DCT域图像编码方法,该方法根据块内DCT系数的聚集特性和块间DCT系数的相似性,使用形态学膨胀算子优化DCT重要系数的编码,并对重要性检测和符号编码精心设计了上下文自适应算术模型,有效去除了块内、块间DCT的统计相关性;使用差分缩减方式对各DCT系数聚类簇的起始位置和稀疏系数进行编码,提高对不重要DCT系数的编码效率;算法还结合预处理和后处理滤波器,进一步提高编码效率的同时可有效抑制解码图像的方块效应.编码器基于位平面实现,码流具有渐进性.实验结果表明本文算法的编码性能普遍优于目前主流的图像编码器,例如在0.25 bpp下,Lena和Barbara图像的峰值信噪比分别较JPEG2000提高0.4dB和1.7dB.     

Adaptive searchless fractal image compression in DCT domain

In this paper, an adaptive searchless fractal image compression technique in the frequency domain is proposed. Proposed methods aim to improve image compression fidelity criteria in discrete cosine transform domain (DCT). In this work spatial domain, adaptive methods are exercised in discrete cosine domain for optimisation of image encoding. Variance-based selection of image blocks and adaptive threshold are two simple adaptive techniques administered on attaining objectives of image compression. First, range block exclusion adaptive method removes homogenous range blocks before FIC coding. This exclusion consequently recedes the number of range-domain blocks matching operations. Proposed hybrid compression algorithm localises domain block location about range block without searching entire domain pool. Second technique implemented is domain pool size reduction. Variances of range and domain blocks are compared. Domain blocks that are within threshold value are kept in the pool. Finally to further optimise the performance of encoding adaptive threshold in quadtree partitioning is applied in along with variance domain selection approach. Simulation results substantiate that adaptive techniques have higher coding performance in terms of encoding time, peak signal to noise ratio and compression ratio in contrast to the fractal image encoding without adaptive techniques.     

一种基于同质映射的视频图像中文本检测方法

提出了一种基于同质映射域的纹理特征的文本检测方法,并通过实验验证了该方法的性能.该方法与传统的文本检测方法的不同之处在于,首先将图像映射到同质性空间域中,在此空间域中计算纹理特征,然后通过支持向量机(SVM)分类器确定文本区域.与直接在图像空间域中提取纹理特征的方法相比,该方法对复杂背景下的文本检测更为有效,能有效地解决场景纹理特征与文本区域相近似造成的文本检测错误.     

Research on adaptive scanning and quantisation for 3D DCT video coding

Abstract

Nowadays, a well-established video coding method is based on the block-matching algorithm that is in the core of all MPEG and H.26x standards. However, this method involves motion estimation and compensation; thus the computational complexity is high. However, the video coding based on three-dimensional discrete cosine transform (3D DCT) is a potential method, and the scanning order and quantisation of 3D DCT coefficients play a crucial role in coding effect. So, the statistical performances of 3D DCT are studied in this paper, and then adaptive scanning order and quantisation of 3D coefficients are proposed. The theoretical analysis and experiment results show significant improvement in performance over previously reported methods.     

A Cauchy distribution-based ternary hypothesis testing for bipolar additive watermark detection in H.264/AVC video

Abstract

The statistical distribution of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients is important for video watermarking since they are the main carriers for watermark embedding. For the statistical distribution of intra-coded DCT coefficients in the H.264/AVC video stream, non-parametric hypothesis test is utilised to verify that Cauchy distribution is better than generalised Gaussian distribution (GGD). Moreover, ternary hypothesis test is introduced into the detection of bipolar additive watermarks. By adjusting the watermark strength parameter, the detector performance can be guaranteed. Experimental results show that for those bipolar additive watermarks in the H.264/AVC stream, the proposed approach can achieve a detection accuracy of more than 80% on average.     

Image deconvolution using incomplete Fourier measurements

In this article, we propose a new deconvolution algorithm, which is based on image reconstruction from incomplete measurements in Fourier domain. Our algorithm has two steps. First, an initial estimator is obtained using Fourier regularized inverse operator. Second, parts of the estimator's Fourier coefficients are saved, and the others are removed to suppress noise energy, then the remaining coefficients are used to recover image based on the sparse constraints. This image reconstruction problem is an optimization problem that is solved by a fast algorithm named split Bregman iteration. Different from other deconvolution algorithms, our algorithm only uses parts of Fourier components to restore the blurred image and combines two different regularization strategies efficiently by applying a selection matrix. The experiment shows that our method gives better performance than many other competitive deconvolution methods. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 22, 233–240, 2012     

An Effective Steganalysis Algorithm for Histogram-Shifting Based Reversible Data Hiding

To measure the security for hot searched reversible data hiding (RDH) technique, especially for the common-used histogram-shifting based RDH (denoted as HS-RDH), several steganalysis schemes are designed to detect whether some secret data has been hidden in a normal-looking image. However, conventional steganalysis schemes focused on the previous RDH algorithms, i.e., some early spatial/pixel domain-based histogram-shifting (HS) schemes, which might cause great changes in statistical characteristics and thus be easy to be detected. For recent improved methods, such as some adaptive prediction error (PE) based embedding schemes, those conventional schemes might be invalid, since those adaptive embedding mechanism would effectively reduce the embedding trace and thus increase the difficulty of steganalysis. Therefore, a novel steganalysis method is proposed in this paper to detect recent adaptive RDH schemes and provide a more effective detection tool for RDH. The contributions of this paper could be summarized as follows. (1) By analyzing the characteristics for those adaptive HS-RDH, an effective “flat ground” based detection method is designed to fast identify whether the given image is used to hide secret data; (2) According to the empirical statistical model, double check mechanism is provided to improve the detection accuracy; (3) In addition, to further improve detection ability, some detailed information for secret data, i.e., its content and embedding location are further estimated. Compared with conventional steganalysis methods, experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithm could achieve a better detection accuracy and meanwhile acquire more detailed information on secret data.     

抗打印/扫描数字水印技术的研究进展

国外对抗PS数字水印技术的研究主要集中在变换域水印算法上,主要有DCT域、DFT域、DWT域和其他变换域等;国内对抗PS数字水印技术的研究主要集中在空间域和变换域2种算法上。可从数字水印嵌入范围、数字水印检测系统应用、数字水印在企业中的应用3个方面,扩展抗PS数字水印技术的应用领域。目前,抗PS数字水印技术还不成熟,可从嵌入强度、嵌入信息容量、嵌入实用性等方向,进一步完善其研究与应用。     

基于DCT 的三维网格模型数字水印算法

基于离散余弦变换(DCT)技术和扩频通信技术提出三维模型稳健水印嵌入算法. 算法将原始的一维二值水印序列利用扩频通信技术生成可以直接嵌入的水印信息;利用主成分分析(PCA)方法,将原始模型变换到仿射(旋转、 平移和均匀缩放)不变空间中,选取模型顶点到其中心距离作为水印嵌入单元,基于双极性量化嵌入单元离散余弦变换系数的方法嵌入水印并实现水印的盲提取. 该算法嵌入的水印信息具有不可见性,能够抵抗模型的旋转、平移、均匀缩放等常见攻击. 仿真实验验证了算法的有效性.     

A steganographic approach for secure communication of medical images based on the DCT-SVD and the compressed sensing (CS) theory

In this paper, a hybrid approach based on cryptography and steganography is proposed for the security of medical image over an open communication channel. In this approach, medical image information is embedded using discrete cosine transform (DCT)-singular value decomposition (SVD)-based embedding process. The medical image is encrypted using CS encryption before embedding into the standard image. This encrypted medical image is inserted into the singular values of DCT coefficients of the standard image to get the stego image. The experimental results show that the encrypted medical image is successfully extracted from the stego image under various image processing attacks at recovering side. The result analysis also shows improved imperceptibility of the stego image with a peak signal-to-noise ratio value above 60 dB for all types of medical images under consideration. Furthermore, the computation time of proposed approach is less than that of existing approaches.     

New scheme of digital watermarking using an adaptive embedding strength applied on multiresolution filed by 9/7 wavelet

Digital image watermarking is still a new field for research. In fact, digital watermarking is the best tool for the copyright protection and the authentication of the digital data. Researches are interested in the tradeoff that exists between the insertion capacity, the imperceptibility, and the robustness. The embedding function has a great influence on these characteristics. Channel coding techniques are used to reduce the error probability of the hidden watermark. On the other hand, the watermark strength is adapted according to human visual perception. In this article, we present a new scheme to achieve the embedding function in the framework of a robust and nonblind watermarking in multiresolution field by 9/7 wavelet of Daubechies. Indeed, we replace the constant embedding strength by a variable coefficient based on the logarithmic function. This coefficient is adaptive according to the magnitude of the wavelet transform magnitude that will be watermarked. This adaptive scheme reduces the computational error and enhances the robustness and the imperceptibility. Experimental results are presented to show that our scheme gives a better correlation and an improved PSNR. They demonstrate that the detection is enhanced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 249–257, 2006     

一种小波和余弦变换组合域内鲁棒的自适应零水印算法

克服了传统数字水印方案在嵌入水印时要对原始图像数据进行一定修改从而导致嵌入水印图像质量下降的局限性,提出了一个基于离散小波变换和离散余弦变换组合域内鲁棒的自适应零水印算法.算法首先对原始数字图像进行适当层次的离散小波变换,并对得到的小波逼近子图进行离散余弦变换,然后依据待嵌入二值字符水印的大小和相应的系数差值要求自适应...     

基于圆柱衍射与离散余弦变换的图像光学加密算法

目的为了实现多幅图像的同步加密,并增强加密系统的抗破译能力,提出一种基于圆柱衍射域的相位截断与离散余弦变换的多图像光学加密算法。方法首先引入压缩感知(CS,Compress Transform)方法,对输入明文实施压缩;基于离散余弦变换DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform)对压缩明文完成分解,获取相应的DCT系数,形成系数矩阵;构建迭代复数,将每个压缩明文对应的系数矩阵融合为一个复矩阵,通过DCT逆变换,形成一幅组合图像。联合Hilbert变换与波带片相位模型,构建调制掩码;引入圆柱衍射域的相位截断机制,联合调制掩码,对组合图像实施光学加密,获取密文与私钥。结果实验数据表明,相对于已有的多图像同步加密方法而言,所提算法具备更高的加密安全性,密文熵值以及相邻像素间的相关系数分别达到了7.998,0.0012,且具有强烈的密钥敏感性。结论所提加密算法可以抵御网络中外来攻击,在图像信息防伪领域具有一定的参考价值。     

离散余弦变换域内的Retinex图像增强模型研究

针对现有离散余弦变换（DCT）域图像增强算法大多统一处理DCT系数,且不能有效抑制块状效应的问题,将Retinex思想引入DCT域,提出一种新增强算法：将DCT系数分为入射分量和反射分量,构造一种带强光抑制的函数,将入射分量映射到理想的动态范围;定义一种频带限制的对比度,实现反射分量的局部细节增强;使用子块分解方法抑制块状效应。实验结果表明,与现有Retinex及DCT域增强算法相比,该算法具有更好的细节增强及强光抑制效果,且能较好抑制块状效应。     

一种适用于随机检测的稳健性视频水印方法

随机检测是视频水印需要解决的关键问题之一,目前的视频水印缺乏有效的随机检测技术.对此,文中提出了一种适用于随机检测的稳健性视频水印方法.该方法先将水印信号进行BCH编码并按密钥置换,然后将编码后的数据和同步码依次嵌入到DCT块的候选中频系数中,并通过同步码来实现水印的快速随机检测.实验表明,该方法具有良好的抗噪声、视频压缩编码和裁剪性,并能实现了水印的随机检测和水印信息的字节对齐.     

Rotation-invariant fingerprint matching using radon and DCT

A new set of promising rotation-invariant features based on radon and discrete cosine transform (DCT) is proposed for fingerprint matching. The radon and DCT of a tiny area in the region of core point of fingerprint image is computed. In the proposed method only 34% DCT coefficients are used for feature extraction. Competency of this approach is tested on standard databases, namely FVC2002 and FVC2004. This approach provides 70% genuine acceptance rate (GAR) at ~0% false acceptance rate (FAR) and 95% GAR at 10% FAR on rotated and non-rotated databases, respectively. Experimental results prove that the proposed feature extraction approach is rotation invariant.